...Regulations Stifle Business Owners Smoking Preference Smoking related issues has become a very controversial topic. Some people may agree that cigarette smoking should be regulated while others may think that it is an individual’s choice to smoke wherever or whenever they want to. This makes smoking cigarettes an arguable topic. United States (U.S.) legislators, state governments, and local authorities have been increasingly restricting where consumers can smoke. Legislation has been further limiting smoking in public places which is causing businesses to lose customers. While it is plausible to control smoking in some industries, business owners of strictly adult only enterprises should be allowed to decide whether smoking or nonsmoking preferences help their business to be profitable. Lawmakers that have banned widespread smoking in communities may not understand the economic impact on businesses that depend solely on adult patrons. For many years, there were no regulations against smoking tobacco products. This allowed the tobacco industry to cash in on the profitable commodity. Smoking became a status symbol. “From the beginning of the 20th century, society[->0] considered smoking fashionable and a status symbol” (Zilli). However, by the 1990s, “The World Health Organization (WHO), seeing smoking as the most preventable cause of ill health worldwide, edged in 1994 a little closer to its objective of a smoke-free world” ("Tobacco"). Arguments that support smoking bans include...
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...Prohibition was intended to rid the world of the vices of alcohol, by outlawing its consumption and access to the common man. Alcoholism is defined as “a preoccupation with alcohol and impaired control over alcohol intake. Alcoholism is a chronic, often progressive disease. Left untreated, alcoholism can be fatal (Mayo Clinic, 2007).” Prohibition was a thirteen year experiment by the government of the United States to control the behavior and actions of the people. The results of this experiment were flagrantly negative due to poor planning and underachieving efforts on the part of the government to properly compensate for the efficiency and effectiveness of organized crime and bootleggers. This essay will illustrate the highs and lows of the 18th Amendment of the Constitution prohibiting the sale, manufacturing, and transportation of alcohol was impossible to enforce wasting time, money and government manpower. Over the years alcohol has become a permanent fixture in the lives of American citizens. To each and every American, alcohol has a positive or negative impact based on the individuals unique life experiences. Alcohol has been perceived as a conveyer of bad habits and the pitfall to the very fabric of positive living in America. All individual lives are unique and full of positives and negatives; however alcohol is the original “substance of abuse” and has had a major impact on the better moral judgment of its users (Mayo Clinic, 2007). This is nothing new however since alcohol...
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...MAKE IN INDIA The Industrial revolution which started in 18th century which converted mainly Agrarian , rural societies of America and Europe and industrialized and urbanized them. Manufacturing at large scale , complex and efficient manner made those nation’s economy prosper . There is a chain of transformation throughout the world which is from Agrarian economy to Manufacturing based economy to Services based economy . But in case of India’s our GDP composition sector wise , Services(56.9 %),Manufacturing (25.8 %) and agriculture(17.4 %) . So we actually skipped manufacturing and directly went to services based economy which is untenable in the long run. So the present NDA government is giving all the right signals by the slogan “Make In India” , they actually want to boost the manufacturing sector growth and higher contribution to overall GDP. The most important attributes which help in development of manufacturing sector : * Infrastructure : Manufacturing sector is totally dependent on the level of infrastructure support their in the country . Limitation : 1) But presently the level of infrastructure is poor , shortcoming while transporting raw materials and finished products to their respective destination , power shortage for running the plants . 2) The banks in India are not big enough compared to the banks of developed economies or other emergent economies to fund large infrastructure projects Steps Taken/Proposed...
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...Legislative, Executive and Judicial branches of government, it did not fully elaborate on individual freedoms such as speech or religion. The founding fathers of our young nation understood the need for separate liberties for the citizens, and elected Madison to assemble a list to defend an individual’s sovereignty. Madison originally started with seventeen amendments to the Constitution, however, final approval was issued for ten; and these ten became known as the Bill of Rights with passage in 1791 (Bill of Rights Institute). However, when one interprets the Bill of Rights to mean one thing, others may believe something else. At times clarity is needed and this is when state and federal courts step in to elucidate and issue fair...
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...by Spain in the 17th century for its New World territories. None of these can be regarded as more than anticipations, with only limited influence on subsequent developments. Labour law as it is known today is essentially the child of successive industrial from the 18th century onward. It became necessary when customary restraints and the intimacy of employment relationships in small communities ceased to provide adequate protection against the abuses incidental to new forms of mining and manufacture on a rapidly increasing scale at precisely the time when the 18th-century Enlightenment, the French Revolution, and the political forces that they set in motion were creating the elements of the modern social conscience. It developed rather slowly, chiefly in the more industrialized countries of Western Europe, during the 19th century and attained its present importance, relative maturity, and worldwide acceptance only during the 20th century. The first landmark of modern labour law was the British Health and Morals of Apprentices Act of 1802, sponsored by the elder Sir Robert Peel. Similar legislation for the protection of the young was adopted in Zürich in 1815 and in France in 1841. By 1848 the first legal limitation of the working hours of adults was adopted by the Landsgemeinde (citizens’ assembly) of the Swiss canton of Glarus. Sickness insurance and...
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...Values of the nation after the signing of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States of America The Declaration of Independence and The Constitution of the United States are two fundamental founding documents in American history. In the eighteenth century, the documents foreshadowed the aspirations of the founding fathers for the newly created United States of America. These documents are illustration of the values of the young nation, however they do not represent all the American citizens at the time of writing, as they are limited to the political and societal elite. This will be discussed through an analytical examination of these documents and how they reflect the relationship between the American citizen and nation. As a first consideration, both documents are integral in the understanding of the foundation of the United States. The Declaration of Independence was signed in Independence Hall in Pennsylvania, July 4, 1776 by the founding fathers of the United States of America. On that day the thirteen colonies of the United States dissolved their bond with King George III and Great Britain. The origin of these documents is a primary government source written by leading political figures of the time. The founding fathers developed and signed this document with a belief “that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness...
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...Despite the cultural advancements of the United States, the definition of freedom overtime has changed so that marginalized groups are less oppressed. Fighting those limitations that where once holding people back, but were not defined by their limits. As creatures of change, we socially have expressed a way that the population proceeds on in their way of life. "...'culture' is undergoing a transformation that is already challenging many of our most basic assumptions about what constitutes human society.”, written by George Yudice on page 72. Explaining that the practice of any culture are very difficult, and are varied depending on the change that, that cultural group has under gone. We as a society have grown complacent with the way that the government leaders have chosen our paths for life out for us, with a select few that fight against these social barriers that we have been placed under. These cultural groups have in some shape and form made cracks in social bonds that once held them back. Racially as a part of the African American community, you are told tales of how as an evolving culture we have gone through trials. Those trials of their true citizenship to get the freedoms that we are granted today. As wrote by Kevin K. Gains on page 16, "...African-descended peoples' struggle for identity and inclusion...”. The darkened past of this nation having been created and kept afloat on the disregard and cruel intentions done to Africans. The spirit of those Africans...
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...The Second Amendment to the Constitution of the United States: “A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.” The Second Amendment has been the subject of controversy only for roughly the last 80 years. Even though, as some argue, the Framers themselves argued over its wording, the almost universally accepted opinion was that it guaranteed an individual right. It was in 1934 that the first attempt at universal gun control on a national level occurred. In 1934, the United States was at the height of the Great Depression (Kangas, 1997). In 1933, the 18th Amendment to the Constitution had finally been repealed, marking the end of the noble experiment known as “prohibition”. The fourteen years of prohibition had nurtured an atmosphere of speakeasies, bootlegging, gangsters, and mafia. The year following the repeal of prohibition was marred by some of the worst gangster violence in American history. John Dillinger and Baby Face Nelson were on the run. Bonnie and Clyde were killed in that year (1934 in the United States, 2013). The nation had just finished its war with Al Capone’s gang (Al Capone, 2013). The people were tired of the unrestrained violence and, in an apparent classic effort to obtain safety at the expense of liberty, were willing to accept limits on the right to bear arms. Although this discussion is not about the history of gun control but about the right to bear arms...
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...Trust Equity & Fiduciary Relationship DELAY DEFEATS EQUITY Vigilantibus non dormientibus aequitas subvenit INDEX OF AUTHORITY BIBLIOGRAPHY * Equity, Trusts and Specific Relief, B.M. Gandhi, 4th Edition, 2007 * Snell’s Principles of Equity, p. 33 * Frunk and Wagnalls Standard Hand Book. Fernald J.C, 1973 * Black’s Law Dictionary, 9th Edition, 2009 INDEX OF CASES * Allcard v Skinner (1887) 36 Ch D 145 * Lindsay Petroleum Co. v Hurd (1874) LR 5 PC * Nwakobi v Nzekwu 1964 WLR 1019 * Poole Corporation v. Moody, 1945 KB 250 * Smith v Clay 28 U.S. (3 Pet.) 411 * Ramsden v Dyson 1866) LR 1 HL 129 * Willmot v Barber (1880) 15 Ch D 96 * Prince of Wales v Collom (1916) 2 KB 193 * Forbes v Rall AIR 1925 PC 146 * Jadunath v Chandra Bhushan (1858) 6 HL Cas 633 * Union of India v Kishorilal Bablani (1999( 1 SCC 48 * Chatrabhuj v Mansukhram AIR 1925 Bom 183 * DDA v Ravindra Mohan Aggarwal (1999) 3 SCC 172 * Thakur Bai v Laxmi Chand AIR 1990 Del 223 * Mahadav v Kalekar v State Bank of Hyderabad (1990) 4 SCC 174 * Gauri Shankar Gaur v State of UP (1994) 1 SCC 92 * Ratan Chandra v Union of India 1993 Supp 4 SCC 67 * Krishna Dev v Ram Piari AIR 1964 HP 34 * Raghavan Nair v State AIR 1956 Trav. Co 77 * Tannu Singh v State of UP AIR 1992 NOC 9 * P.K. Ramchandran v State of Kerala (1997) 7 SCC 556 * Pallav Sheth v Custodian (2001) 7 SCC 549 * Tilokchand Motichand...
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...Ideology * Political ideology is an integrated system of ideas or beliefs about political values in general and the role of the government in particular * Ideology provides a framework for thinking about politics and policy preferences Ideologies * Modern liberalism is associated with ideas of liberty and political equality: * Tend to favor chance in social, political and economic realms to better protect individuals and produce equality What is the constitution? * Fundamental principles of a government and the basic structures and procedures Two US Constitutions * Articles of confederation ( 1781-1789) * Constitution of the united states (1789-present) Events leading up to the US constitution * By the 18th century, two-tier system of governance had evolved – local colonial assemblies vs Parliament in Britain * Britain’s involvement in the seven years’ war cost money that they tried to recoup from the colonies * Sugar act (1764) * Stamp act (1765) * Colonists responded with...
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...immigration process. However, from the promulgation of the first immigration law in the 1950s, these laws have evolved and have affected all individuals in one way or another. In 2000, a proposal for immigration reform was brought to Congress due to the shortages of workers in the food industry (Robin, 2000). Immigration laws have changed several times since then. What is the relation between the 2000 and 2008 laws? In February 2008, the Department of Homeland Security proposed amendments to its immigration regulations. More specifically, The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services and U.S. Customs and Border Protection presented a proposal affecting all H-2A nonimmigrant workers. Businesses in particular needed to understand what was changing and how it affected them and their employees. 2. Describe the proposal/change. The proposal offered various new regulations and limitations imposed on U.S. employers and H-2A nonimmigrant workers. Some of the proposed changes included the limitations on the ability of U.S. employers to petition for unnamed workers, length of stay for nonimmigrant workers, the rules of extension of H-2A status, the relationship between the change of employers and the H-2A status, payments requirements for employees and beneficiaries, employer attention, violation of the status, waiting period regulations, exit process for H-2A workers, and other...
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...The Economist Debates As data mining systems sophisticate, the protective walls guarding personal information privacy are becoming progressively more porous. Often, this is done in the name of security. One position states that assuring the security of a citizenry requires the loss of some personal privacy. Critics argue that the two are not inexorably linked but rather governments and corporations are excusing security as a means to gain greater degrees of personal information. Proposer: Mr Neil C Livingstone Believes that assuring the security of a citizenry requires the loss of some personal privacy The great novelist John Steinbeck once observed, "We spend our time searching for security, and hate it when we get it."1 Thus is our conundrum in the wake of the 9/11 attacks on New York and Washington which traumatised this nation and many of our friends and allies around the globe. Today we face unprecedented security risks to our lives and the fragile infrastructures we depend on to sustain our livelihoods and well-being. Our enemies are far more sophisticated than the stereotype of a bearded jihadist toting an AK-47 hunkered down in the mountains of Pakistan or Afghanistan, an illiterate and superstitious Luddite eager to impose the nostrums and doctrines of the 7th century on the modern world. In reality, many jihadists are technologically sophisticated and linked together by the Internet, which they use to download information on our vulnerabilities and assist them...
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...CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Dowry and Mahr…………………………………………………………………………..1 1.2 Research Plan 2 a.) Aims and Objectives 2 b.) Scope and Limitation 2 c.) Chapterisation 2 1.3 Research Methodology 2 CHAPTER II DOWRY AND MAHR AS A SOCIAL EVIL CHAPTER III DOWRY PROHIBITION AND DOWRY PROHIBITION LAWS 3.1 The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 9 3.2 Section 304B of IPC 11 3.3 Section 498A of IPC 12 CHAPTER IV MISSUSE OF DOWRY LAWS CHAPTER V CONCLUSION & SUGGESSTIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY iii LIST OF ABBREVIATION AIR – All Indian Reporter Co. – Company Ed. – Edition Et. al. – Et alia e.g. – ‘Exempli gratia’ (for example) HSA – Hindu Succession Act P. – Page number SCC – Supreme Court Cases v. - versus TABLE OF CASES Dinesh Kumar Mor v Lalitya Mor. 9 Dukhi Ram v State of U.P. 12 Gantupalli Rama Subhatha v Guntu Palli Rajamma. 10 Gordhan Ram v State of Rajathan. 12 Lajpat Rai Sehgal v State. 11 M.L. Sethi v R.P. Kapur, 10 Pandurang Shivram Kawathkar v. State of Maharashtra. 11 Prema S. Rao v Yadla Srinivasa Rao 12 Rajinder Kumar v State of Haryana. 12 Sardar Harpal Singh v Balbinder Pal Kaur. 10 Satbir Singh v State of Punjab. 9 Shanti v State of Haryana 12 TABLE OF STATUTES Criminal Procedure Code 11 Dowry Prohibition (Amendment) Act, 1984 8 The Andhra Pradesh Dowry...
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...University of Sargodha | Women Empowerment in Punjab, A Case Study | Supervisor: Dr. Mussarat jabeen | | Muhammad Waseem Abbas – 02 , Sumera Imam – 04 , Tufail Niazi- 28 | [Pick the date] | Department of International Relations and pol-Sciences | Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 1.1 Understanding Power 3 1.2 Understanding Empowerment 5 1.3 Empowerment and its meanings 6 1.4 Women’s awareness about their rights 8 2-Punajb and women empowerment 9 2.1 women empowerment in Punjab Pakistan 9 2.2 Economic benefits of women empowerment 11 2.3 Punjab assembly work from 2008-13 11 2.4 women issues and provincial government 13 2.5 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PUNJAB AND OTHER PROVINCES IN WOMEN EMPOWERMENT 14 2.6 Punjab women empowerment package 16 3-Future of women in Punjab, Suggestions and conclusion 24 3.1 Future of women empowerment in Punjab 24 3.2 suggestions for women empowerment 25 3.3 Conclusion 25 References 27 Chapter-1 1. Introduction 1.1 Understanding Power At the core of the concept of empowerment is the idea of power. The possibility of empowerment depends on two things. First, empowerment requires that power can change. If power cannot change, if it is inherent in positions or people, then empowerment is not possible, nor is empowerment conceivable in any meaningful way. In other words, if power can change, then empowerment is possible. Second, the concept of empowerment depends upon the idea...
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...Discussion about Framed A Précis of Framed: America’s 51 Constitutions and the Crisis of Governance In Framed: America's 51 Constitutions and the Crisis of Governance, Sanford Levinson evaluates the current standing of the Constitution. He sets aside what most people would think of as ‘constitutional law’. He is not interested in discussing topics of major debate, calling them the ‘constitution of conversation,’ but rather, wishes to discuss those topics which have already been, for the most part, settled, aptly called the ‘constitution of settlement.’ Topics such as whether Congress should be a bicameral legislature, or whether judges should be appointed for life, or whether the electorate should be able to vote on constitutional amendments. Topics that are not questions of interpretation, but rather, questions of the wisdom of the structural decisions of the Constitution itself, most of which were made way back during the Philadelphia Convention. His purpose in doing so is not so much to answer questions, but rather to ask them. He seldom gives his own positions on the questions that he asks - more so, he wishes to open up the public’s mind about such questions. In order to do so, he seldom uses expert jargon, preferring to explain himself as much a common man (or woman) would. His point throughout the entire book is not to chastise the Framers of the Constitution, but to explain how while decision made back in 1789 were sound in logic, they may not fit the needs of today...
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