List of Illustration

CHAPTER 1
Fig 1.1 frank Lloyd wright on the middle , retrieved on 03/08/2013 http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dUUknQ3NZBM/UaoiDwNBRwI/AAAAAAAAApg/wgAlqLtEj9U/s400/Marvin+Koner+Frank+Lloyd+Wright+1958-1.jpg Fig 1.2 Imperial hotel japan , retrieved on 03/08/2013 http://www.historybyzim.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Imperial-Hotel.png Fig 1.3 waterfall house by Frank , retrieved on 03/08/2013 http://www.wright-house.com/frank-lloyd-wright/fallingwater-pictures/F1SW-fallingwater-in-fall.html Fig 1.4 Island House by Frank , retrieved on 03/08/2013 http://www.privateislandsmag.com/2010/10/frank-lloyd-wrights-island-design-inquire-for-price/ CHAPTER 2
Fig 2.1. Front view of the complex, retrieved on 03/08/2013 http://bunniesgarden.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/img_7655.jpg
Fig 2.2. Overall view of the complex, retrieved on 03/08/2013 http://www.darwinmartinhouse.org/ Fig 2.3. Back view of the complex, retrieved on 03/08/2013 http://www.darwinmartinhouse.org/ Fig 2.4. Martin house, dining room, retrieved on 03/08/2013 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Darwin_D._Martin_House_Dining_Room.jpg Fig 2.5. Martin house, living room, retrieved on 03/08/2013 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Darwin_D._Martin_House_Living_Room_N.jpg Fig 2.6. Martin house, library, retrieved on 06/08/2013 http://buffaloah.com/a/jewett/125/marint/source/25.html Fig 2.7. Martin house, dining room furniture, retrieved on 06/08/2013 http://buffaloah.com/a/jewett/125/12dr/12dr.html Fig 2.8. Glass art, tree of life, retrieved on 06/08/2013 http://buffaloah.com/a/jewett/125/marint/source/46.html Fig 2.9. Glass art windows, for French door, Leading to the veranda, retrieved on 06/08/2013 http://buffaloah.com/a/jewett/125/12lr/12lr.html Fig 2.10. Barton house, dining room, retrieved on 06/08/2013 http://buffaloah.com/a/summit/118/10down/source/17.html Fig 2.11. Barton house, living room, retrieved on 06/08/2013 http://buffaloah.com/a/summit/118/10down/source/1.html Fig 2.12. Window glass art, retrieved on 08/08/2013 http://buffaloah.com/a/summit/118/intbar/source/22.html Fig 2.13. The Carriage house, retrieved on 08/08/2013 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Martin_Complex_-_Carriage_House_2007.JPG Fig 2.14. Gardener’s cottage, living room, retrieved on 08/08/2013 http://buffaloah.com/a/woodw/285/0108/source/6.html
Fig 2.15. Gardener’s cottage, dining room, retrieved on 08/08/2013 http://buffaloah.com/a/woodw/285/0108/source/3.html Fig 2.16. Conservatory, retrieved on 08/08/2013 http://buffaloah.com/a/jewett/125/08perg/source/9.html Fig 2.17. Pergola, outside view, retrieved on 08/08/2013 http://buffaloah.com/a/jewett/125/oct08_2/source/4.html Fig 2.18. Pergola, inside view, retrieved on 08/08/2013 http://buffaloah.com/a/jewett/125/08perg/source/6.html CHAPTER 3
Fig 3.1 Map of Home and Studio , Oak Park , WI , retrieved on 08/08/2013 https://maps.google.com/
Fig 3.2 Frank Lloyd Wright with Caroline Tobin , retrieved on 08/08/2013 http://www.franklloydwright.org/about/Timeline.html
Fig 3.3 photo of Home and Studio , Oak Park , WI , retrieved on 08/08/2013 http://www.gowright.org/
Fig 3.4 , Interior of Frank’s house , retrieved on 08/08/2013 http://www.trianglemodernisthouses.com/wright.htm
Fig 3.5 , first floor , buildings plan , 1898 , retrieved on 08/08/2013 http://cdm15014.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15014coll1/id/372/rec/1
Fig 3.6 second floor , buildings plan , 1989 , retrieved on 08/08/2013 http://cdm15014.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15014coll1/id/371/rec/2 ,
Fig 3.7 , first floor , buildings plan ,1895 , retrieved on 08/08/2013 http://cdm15014.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15014coll1/id/373/rec/3 Fig 3.8 , second floor , buildings plan 1895 , retrieved on 08/08/2013 http://cdm15014.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15014coll1/id/374/rec/4 Fig 3.9, first floor , buildings plan , 1898 , retrieved on 08/08/2013 http://cdm15014.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15014coll1/id/375/rec/5 Fig 3.10 , second floor , buildings plan , 1898 , retrieved on 08/08/2013 http://cdm15014.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15014coll1/id/376/rec/6 ,
Fig 3.11 , first floor , buildings plan , 1991 , retrieved on 08/08/2013 http://cdm15014.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15014coll1/id/377/rec/7 Fig 3.12 , second floor , buildings plan , 1991 , retrieved on 08/08/2013 http://cdm15014.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15014coll1/id/378/rec/8 Chapter 1 : Introduction

1.1 Introduction
This report will be explaining and analyzing project of frank Lloyd wright. The report will be focusing of one of the frank Lloyd project and compare it with another Allan project that have similar to the first one. The report will show the designer bio data and his history as an interior designer in 20 century. This report will also will be discussing more of why the designer have pick certain style and where he learn that kind of style and more in deep of how he got his inspiration to come out with his design, and the reason why his design like or use this specific material depending of what the designer philosophy are . Not only limited to how the design process was made, this booklet will also promoting his good point as a designer and promote his project as one of the good project of 20 century interior design.

1.2 Research setting
The research setting in this report will be on one specific project that frank lloyd have made before and compare it to his other project where he repeat or do similar design that can be seen clearly in that project, our objective is to find out his design style that can be seen in his project, to analyze the designer design style and habit to make design that show his own design not other, in the same time promoted the advantage and good point of his project and analyze the project in detail to find his design style , principle, and reason behind all his design.

1.3 Objective
The objective is to research and analyze design text and image from the project of frank Lloyd, and understanding the main philosophy of the designer.to find out more about Frank Lloyd design concept and style to understand more about 20s century designer way of designing by following the time line they design. study and observe the concepts and development of the design. Present and organize a booklet that explains the concepts and development of the designer in a report form.

1.4 Methodology
The method of this research will be literature research by looking at written report done by the journalist, or other writer that right similar article about this Frank Lloyd Wright. the only method use here will be literature Research such as:
Book and archive : book and archive research from library or magazine that have article about selected project, to take the main point and analyze what people have already done to come out with new analyze base on the previous work that we have been collected
Internet research: looking at website and official website that explain about the project that we are analyze. Make a conclusion base only on what we read and make sure that our source of this material we found in internet can be the trust worthy material source that have the credibility and accurate data.

1.5 History and Designer Background
Frank Lloyd wright born in 1867 in Richland center Wisconsin, he was born two year after American civil war over. His parent travel from 1 place to another , around the Rhode island and just settle down in Wisconsin in 1878. (1)
In 1885 his family divorced make their financial to be very difficult for them. To help out his family Frank Lloyd wright work on for the dean of the university in department of engineering , in the same time he study there, but he wanted to be an architect , that why in 1887 he went to Chicago to find himself a job . he got hire buy 2 different firms of architect before he joins the big and prestigious partnership of Adler and Sullivan. He work under Louise Sullivan for 6 years as the chief draft men. Frank Lloyd wright design was also effected by Louise Sullivan , as Sullivan design principle of modern design and a well-known phrase of “form follow function” principle. (1)
In 1889 he married with Catherine Lee Tobin and in the same time build his first home , where he negotiated with Sullivan with a 5 years contract in exchange of money he need to build the house. His first house was built in Oak Park with East coast shingle style and roof gable. He experiment with this house as he play around with geometric shape and volume to build his studio and playroom. Frank really love his family and find it really hard for him to be without them, so he start to design independent residential project outside his office to collected funs. It’s not long until Sullivan become aware and in 1893 he charged Wright with breach of contract. After that event he found his own company and specialist in residential design.(1)

Fig 1.1 frank Lloyd Wright on the middle
The fist project as an independent commission he design The William H. Winslow house . over the year later he started to be quite well know design where his design featuring broad sheltering roof and simple elegance, where there is no artic nor basement. The design attracted local attention and later on become a standard known as Prairie style (low horizontal but very long and have a lot of windows and long casement). Later he designs many houses like Darwin D. martin house in 1903.(1)
In late 1909 Wright left his family and does expedition to gain more knowledge and new creativity, he went to Europe. During this period of time he agree to publish his work to 2 publisher in Europe, one known as Wasmuth portfolio and other Knows as Entwurfe von Lloyd wright. This portfolio influence many designer at that time. In 1914 because of the dead of his beloved one Franks start to pursued major work in Tokyo such as Imperial hotel Tokyo.(1)

Fig 1.2 imperial Hotel Japan
In his return from japan in 1922 he first established his office in lost Angeles but, shortly after that he need to abandon this west Coast because of the exception of the four textile block house. He return to Taliesin where he start with few project . in 1928 he married Olga Lazovich, daughter of a chief justice. She prove to be the partner and stabilizing influence to Frank in order to refocus on the cause of his architecture that he had begun decades earlier. (1)
In the following year his design start to be recognize again by people and the firm becoming bigger in size , he start to take a lot of project range from commercial building, apartment tower, recreational complexes, museum, religious houses, high end residential house and furniture. In world war II many apprentices have gone and help to war, and during that time he took most challenging job in his entire career which is to build a house the Salomon R. Guggenheim collection of non-objective painting, and have took about 16 years to finish this project. (1)
After the world war II all his apprentices returned and work again and he started really big with taking a lot of project and going tour around the world, giving lecture and visiting a lot of place such as Paris , Florence , Zurich, Munich, Rotterdam, and Mexico . he die at 9 April 1959 and have created over 1100 design and over half of it is realized that’s included furniture and other type of building. (1)

1.6 Design View of Frank Lloyd Wright
Frank Lloyd wright design view was to be inspire and take what is offer that given in the environments, his architecture is organic and have to have the harmony between man and nature, unlike most of the designer, Franks really welcome the change of technology and industrial, he apply his and study the them to make a better design, he design is also inspire by democratic spirits of America, because he born and live after the civil war over , where America have already become the democratic country . his design is really personal and addressed for individual need and social of modern America citizen. (1)
During his life he go and took opportunities to take the new material and technology that 20s century have given but still apply the spirit and romantic of the 19s century design. his design took a lot from nature and fully use what the nature have given to him, he took a lot of eartly color like red brown and sandy color into his design, a lot of raw material expose like expose brick finish and such. (1)

Fig 1.3 waterfall house by Frank Fig 1.4 Island House by Frank

His design all must be one with nature, he got a lot of inspiration and creative processes from the site nature , the balance between his design and the nature is really good , as we could see his design really make a composition with the nature surrounding it . he take the nature as one of the design consideration when designing a project as he come to site and feel the nature first and do really detail of site analysis before starting designing the house. Each of his design differ from one another in a way because difference place have difference way to look at and difference nature and surrounding that really play a big role in his design, as he design the outside and inside balance with nature. (1)

Chapter 2 : Darwin D. Martin House

Figure 2.1. Front view of the complex
Figure 2.1. Front view of the complex

Location: 125 Jewett Parkway, Buffalo, New York
Designer: Frank Llyod Wright
Period of Construction: 1903-1905

2.1 Client of the Project
The client of the project was a businessman named Darwin D. Martin and his wife Isa belle. The story behind how Mr. Darwin knows about the greatness of Frank, was when Mr. Darwin’s brother, Mr. Martin commissioned Frank to build him a home in Oak Park, and Mr. Martin was very impressed by the results and wanted Frank to build him a well-designed house worthy of his status. The land area of the project is about 10000 square feet. (6) (7) (8) (9)

2.2 Design style
Frank’s design philosophy mainly involves in being “organic”, which means trying to integrate the outdoor environment to the indoor, so that people and nature can become closer together. His design philosophy is one of the greatest steps that made modernism famous. (6) (7) (8) (9)

Wright believes that each and every project he created should be unique, which is why every project he created and designed always have different furniture pieces which he personally designed, and no two different projects will have the same furniture piece. This also includes different rooms of the same project. (6) (7) (8) (9)
As you can see, the design of the house is simple and no ornamentations are used in his design style. The main materials for this project are bricks, to give a an earthy look to the house and also during that time, bricks can look very stylish because it’s with the right finishing, it can look very stylish yet simple. The main elements of the design are geometric forms such as horizontal and vertical lines, which is continuously used for both the architectural form of the building until the interior of the complex, like furniture pieces and the glass art, which Wright designed himself. This gives a sense of identity to the exterior of the building as well as to the interior design of the building. (6) (7) (8) (9)

In the 1900s, bricks are very popular because at that time the demand and supply for bricks were very high. People estimated that it is actually far less costly to just use exposed brick, compared to repair or replaced damaged plasterwork. Brick also gives a rustic and earthy look, and it is a flexible material, which can be used in many different styles such as industrial, natural and also vintage. (6) (7) (8) (9)

In most of Wright’s design, his furniture pieces is made up of wood, so that will have natural feel to the interior atmosphere, which blends in quite well with the use of the exposed bricks. (6) (7) (8) (9)
The design concept of the house is “openness”, which is a part of Wright’s philosophy of “Organic” architecture, which is trying to combine the outdoor environment with the indoor environment. By looking at the colour combination of the surrounding area and the house itself, we can see that the colour combination represents the colours of earth, brick red which represents the colour of the ground, complimented by the green colours of the trees. The floor plan of the complex is very open, which gives good air circulation around the house and also excessive use of glass(which in this case, the glass art designed by Wright himself) around the complex helps to give natural sunlight to the area, thus reducing the amount of electricity used for lighting before the end of the day. (6) (7) (8) (9)

Figure 2.2. Overall view of the complex
Figure 2.2. Overall view of the complex
Figure 2.3. Back view of the complex
Figure 2.3. Back view of the complex
The house is actually a combination of many buildings, because of Wright’s concept of openness. He divides the house into six parts:

1. The Martin house 2. The Barton house 3. The Carriage house 4. The Gardener’s cottage 5. The Conservatory 6. The Pergola The house is actually a combination of many buildings, because of Wright’s concept of openness. He divides the house into six parts:

7. The Martin house 8. The Barton house 9. The Carriage house 10. The Gardener’s cottage 11. The Conservatory 12. The Pergola

2.3 The Martin house
The Martin house is the main area of the project, it’s a two-storey building. On the ground floor of the martin house, there is a library, dining room and living room all open into each other, which follows Wright’s concept of openness, giving less boundaries and more space. On the second floor of the Martin house, there are eight bedrooms, four bathrooms and a sewing room. (6) (7) (8) (9)

Figure 2.5. Martin house, living room
Figure 2.5. Martin house, living room
Figure 2.4. Martin house, dining room
Figure 2.4. Martin house, dining room

As you can see from these pictures, the design of the interior are coming closer to modernism and minimalism, using less ornamentation and giving more thought to how much space can be used. The rooms of the first floor are all connected; there are no doors or walls blocking the view of each room, which follows Wright’s concept of openness. (6) (7) (8) (9)

Figure 2.6. Martin house, library
Figure 2.6. Martin house, library

Wright is also very fond with low ceilings and flat ceilings, which is why there are not many ceiling treatments such as playing with the different ceiling heights. The materials selected for the interiors also represent the earthy tones, such as wood flooring, ceramic tiles with dark earthy colours, and exposed brick. The dominant material for the furniture pieces used for the interior space is wood, which is well-designed with vertical and horizontal geometric lines. (6) (7) (8) (9)
Wright also personally designed the glass windows of the house, using glass art patterns, which represents nature. Glass art designing is one of Wright’s favorite pass time, he uses this technique to design windows, lamps which are made up of glass and other glass decorations. There about hundreds of glass art of different colours and patterns which is located in the complex. Here are some examples from the Martin house:

Figure 2.7. Martin house, dining room furniture
Figure 2.7. Martin house, dining room furniture

Here are some samples of furniture pieces designed by Wright for the dining room in the Martin house. In this picture, we see how Wright integrates, vertical and horizontal lines to the furniture design. The particular feature, shows the connection between the architecture and the interior design. (6) (7) (8) (9)

Figure 2.8. Glass art, tree of life
Figure 2.8. Glass art, tree of life

The story behind this glass design, is because of Mother nature, providing trees to the wild life for shelter. It is also because; a tree is the first that comes into our mind when we talk about nature. Wright sees this as an opportunity to enhance his design philosophy of being “organic”. As you can see from the picture above, Wright repeats his use of vertical, horizontal as well as diagonal lines for window glass art design, which forms different geometrical shapes such as squares, rectangles, triangles, trapezium, and other geometrical shapes. Most glass art design will have a lot of colours, but Wright didn’t use much colours because he wants emphasize on the lines not the colour, the colour is only for accent. The result of the sunlight refracting through glass art, creates a very nice combination with the furniture and surrounding atmosphere. (6) (7) (8) (9)

Figure 2.9. Glass art windows, for French door
Leading to the veranda
Figure 2.9. Glass art windows, for French door
Leading to the veranda

This is another example of the use of glass art design. It is being applied to the doors, which leads to the veranda. As you can see from the picture above the use of vertical and horizontal lines are also applied, creating a large amount of rectangular shapes of different sizes. We can also see the limited use of colours for the glass art window design. (6) (7) (8) (9)
2.4 The Barton house
The Barton house was constructed in the year 1903, and it is also the first part of the complex to be completed. It is also a two-storey building. On the ground level of the Barton house, is where the reception, living room and dining room area are, and they are all connected and very open. On the second storey, there are two bedrooms. (6) (7) (8) (9)

Figure 2.10. Barton house, dining room
Figure 2.10. Barton house, dining room

Figure 2.11. Barton house, living room
Figure 2.11. Barton house, living room

The furniture piece used in the dining room, are similar to the furniture pieces of the dining room in the Martin house, dining room, if you look closely, the top part of the dining chair, is not flat like the dining chair of the martin house. Similar characteristics like the geometrical shapes, vertical and horizontal are still inherited between different furniture pieces because it is Wright’s signature style. (6) (7) (8) (9)

The furniture pieces used in the living room are different to the ones of the furniture pieces from the living room of Martin house. In the pictures, we can see that the main materials for the interiors are paint and also wooden flooring. In addition to wooden flooring, he also used carpets in some parts of the house, as a point of interest in the respected rooms. Wood is once again used as the main material for the furniture pieces. (6) (7) (8) (9)

Figure 2.12. Window glass art

Figure 2.12. Window glass art

Glass art is also being used for the windows, using earthy tones to represent trees during the autumn time, where the leaves are dry and brown. As you can see, the use of vertical, horizontal and diagonal lines are still very strong in this design, which forms geometric shapes. Wright uses limited colours in this glass, to create an accent for the glass art. In this particular design, the accent of the glass window is in the form of a pine tree, which can give a nice refraction on the floor during the day. (6) (7) (8) (9)

2.5 The Carriage house
The carriage house acts like a multi purpose room, such as the storage room, a garage and also horse stalls. It is also where the boiler for the whole complex heating system is located. The Carriage house is not suitable for people to stay in and relax. (6) (7) (8) (9)

Figure 2.13. The Carriage house
Figure 2.13. The Carriage house

The design of the Carriage house is slightly different comparing the other parts of the complex, because of it’s primary function as a service area of the complex. It has less openings compared to the other parts of the complex, the only opening is the second floor of the building and the entrance to the Carriage house. Most of the openings are located on the upper part of the building because, the lower part of the building is used for services purpose which requires massive wall construction instead of glass openings. The upper part openings will give enough sunlight to fill up the entire facility. (6) (7) (8) (9)

2.6 The Gardeners cottage When Wright designed this part of the complex, he envisioned the perfect American box house. This area was especially for Mr. Martin’s gardener, Reuben Polder, who would take care of the complex garden and bring fresh flowers to every room in the martin house complex. It is also two-storey building, the bedrooms are on the second floor. (6) (7) (8) (9)

Figure 2.14. Gardener’s cottage, living room
Figure 2.14. Gardener’s cottage, living room

Figure 2.15. Gardener’s cottage, dining room
Figure 2.15. Gardener’s cottage, dining room

Comparing to most parts of the complex, the gardener’s cottage is the simplest yet it still have the feel of the rest of the complex. The finishing materials used here are also paint for the walls and wooden flooring, giving the same natural effect like rest of the complex. The areas are also very open, which follows Wright’s concept of openness. The ceiling is low and flat, to maintain the simplicity of the area. The glass art does not represent much of nature and it is not as stylish as the ones in the Martin and Barton house.
The furniture pieces are still similar to the other furniture pieces of the other parts of the complex, simple with vertical and horizontal lines and made up of wood. (6) (7) (8) (9)

2.7 The Conservatory
This area is where the plants are being grown and it is a green house. This is where the plants are being grown, before sending them to the garden. The conservatory is located between the Barton house and the Carriage house. (6) (7) (8) (9)

Figure 2.16. Conservatory
Figure 2.16. Conservatory

The Conservatory is a simple space, with lots of plants. The main materials used in this area, are bricks and glass, which why it is also known as a greenhouse, where people create indoor gardens with many glass partitions and windows. But when the weather is not too hot, this area can be quite relaxing and people can enjoy the looking at the plants. This area is a great example of combining indoor and outdoor activity. (6) (7) (8) (9)

2.8 The Pergola The pergola is just a pathway from the Martin house to the Conservatory, it is about 30 meters long and it has no windows, so it is an open pathway. The main materials are bricks. We can see very clearly that vertical lines of columns and horizontal line of beams is very strongly stated in this particular area. This Pergola is one example of Franks design style, which is long flat roof with no attic and basement but long consisted of long space with a lot of opening and casement , by doing that the natural resources in this particular area have been use to the maximum, and minimalist the use of electricity, and air conditioner. The only problem with this design is a lot of roof leaking , because of the flat roofing . some of Frank’s design house with a flat roofing found it problematic in the raining seasons. (6) (7) (8) (9)

Figure 2.17. Pergola, outside view
Figure 2.17. Pergola, outside view

Figure 2.18. Pergola, inside view
Figure 2.18. Pergola, inside view

Chapter 3 : Home and Studio in Oak Park
Wright already did a lot of works includes original and innovative of many different building types , such as offices , schools , churches , museums and hotels. When he designing a space he added a lot of the interior elements into his buildings , for example like his furniture and stained glass.

Fig 3.1 location of Frank home on map
Located at 951 Chicago Avenue , Oak Park , IL 60302

3.1 Driving Directions
Downtown Chicago ;
Take I-290 West. Exit at Harlem Avenue (Rte. 43) Turn right (north), and drive 1.5 miles to Chicago Avenue. Turn right (east) on Chicago. The Home and Studio is 3 blocks east on the right side of the street.
Public Transportation ;
Downtown Chicago ( METRA ): Board train at Northwestern Station (Clinton & Madison). Take westbound train towards Harlem. Exit at Oak Park stop. Walk north on Marion Street Mall to Lake Street. Turn right on Lake to Forest Avenue. Continue north on Forest to Chicago Avenue. The Home and Studio is on the corner of Forest and Chicago. 10-15 minute walk.
Downtown Chicago ( CTA ) : Take westbound Green Line to the Oak Park Avenue stop. Walk under tracks and go north on Oak Park Avenue to Chicago Avenue. Turn left (west) and walk 3 blocks to the Home and Studio. 10-15 minute walk. Trains run approximately every twenty minutes.

3.2 The History of Home and Studio
Constructed : 1889 / 1898
Designed for Wright’s private residences and workplace from 1889 to 1909 , for the first , twenty years of his career as interior designer and architect. The house has many features like he often used his house as architectural laboratory , experimenting with design concept that contain his architectural philosophy. In this house , he was given six children with his first wife , named Catherine Tobin. (1)

Fig 3.2 Frank with his wife
In 1898 , Wright added a studio name to explain by a fellow-architect as a workplace with inspiration anywhere. In the Home and Studio , Oak Park , Wright and his partners developed the Praire Style named “ a new American architecture” and in this house they designed at least 125 structures , for example Robin House , The Larkin Building and Unity Temple , etc. (1)

Fig 3.3 Frank house now from outside
He was designed to be a truly American form , free of European influences and inspired by the environment. (1)
Wright’s characteristic, such as : * Open floor plan * Low , horizontal design that reflects the Midwestern Praire * Geometric forms * Windows grouped in a series – or band - known as ribbon windows * Limited exterior materials (wood , stone , brick , stucco) * Integrated furniture , often built-in * Wood banding or trim on walls * Colors taken from the palette of nature 3.3 The Design of Home and Studio
This building in Oak Park Illinois was first occupied as residence by Wright from 1889 to 1909 is the first house that he made for his own self. Home and Studio was a fist fully mature Praire House that created by Wright. In The Frank Lloyd House mostly found a several aspects such as , the first Wright’s natural house – an abstraction of nature , sympathetic to the simplicity of materials , also the strong sense of geometry when looking at the house , the giant triangle at the gable. This house was made at the time of his career was increased sharply and he designed his house to have connection to the nature. He put the house at the far back on the lot and plenty of shade trees that framed his lovely home with picturesque manner. (2) (3)

Fig 3.4 interior of Frank’s house
Children Playroom, in this room receives light from the rows of art glass windows along both the north and south walls and from the overhead skylight, creating and ethereal effects. (2) (3)
The Frank Lloyd Wright Studio is reminding us to the theory to the Unity temple which is a binuclear structure. It has two large octagonal rooms separated by a central entrance. One walks into the columned entrance is forced in either directions. To the right is Frank Lloyd Wright’s personal library. To the left is the two-story studio and drafting rooms. (2) (3)

3.4 Building Plans and Designs
The Frank Lloyd Wright Home there was a several alterations and additions for his twenty-year period when Wright lived there.
From the beginning, on the second floor the room at the front of house was used for Wright’s drafting room till completed the Studio Annex Project in 1898. (4) (5)

Fig 3.5
Home and Studio, Oak Park Illinois by Frank Lloyd Wright – First Floor - 1889
Fig 3.5
Home and Studio, Oak Park Illinois by Frank Lloyd Wright – First Floor - 1889

Fig 3.6
Home and Studio , Oak Park Illinois by Frank Lloyd Wright – Second Floor - 1889

Fig 3.6
Home and Studio , Oak Park Illinois by Frank Lloyd Wright – Second Floor - 1889

In 1895 , Wright expanded a dining room that inspired with the spectacular dining table and chairs that perfectly depict the atmosphere the spirit of the room and of his style , also he additions of a maid’s room and moved the kitchen. Wright did a lot of the architectural experiment layout to apply it in his own home. (4) (5)

s
Fig 3.8
Home and Studio , Oak Park Illinois by Frank Lloyd Wright – Second Floor - 1895

Fig 3.8
Home and Studio , Oak Park Illinois by Frank Lloyd Wright – Second Floor - 1895

Fig 3.7
Home and Studio , Oak Park Illinois by Frank Lloyd Wright – First Floor - 1895

Fig 3.7
Home and Studio , Oak Park Illinois by Frank Lloyd Wright – First Floor - 1895

In 1898 , Wright already has a offices in downtown , Chicago , however Wright decided to moved his offices to his home with the purpose , so he can have full time practice in his home and created the Frank Lloyd Wright Studio. (4) (5)

Fig 3.9 Home and Studio , Oak Park Illinois by Frank Lloyd Wright – First Floor - 1898

Fig 3.9 Home and Studio , Oak Park Illinois by Frank Lloyd Wright – First Floor - 1898

Fig 3.10 Home and Studio , Oak Park Illinois by Frank Lloyd Wright – Second Floor - 1898

Fig 3.10 Home and Studio , Oak Park Illinois by Frank Lloyd Wright – Second Floor - 1898

Fig 3.11 Home and Studio , Oak Park Illinois by Frank Lloyd Wright – First Floor

Fig 3.11 Home and Studio , Oak Park Illinois by Frank Lloyd Wright – First Floor

Fig 3.12 Home and Studio , Oak Park Illinois by Frank Lloyd Wright – Second Floor

Fig 3.12 Home and Studio , Oak Park Illinois by Frank Lloyd Wright – Second Floor

3.5 Comparison
By looking at Wright’s projects, we can see that even with different projects, similar characteristics are being repeated, to represent Wright’s design style.
Similar characteristics such as the colour scheme, Wright always use warm earthy colours, which blends harmoniously with the natural surroundings. Wright always maximize the use of the site area, Wright sees this as an opportunity to expand his design concept of making an open space area, by doing this, the natural landscape of the site compliments the architecture and interior of the building, thus being one with nature itself.
As you know, in most of his designs the shape of the buildings will be low and wide, with lots of casement and windows. A good example of this characteristics is the Darwin D Martin house, we can see that the design of the house is low and flat, because he disperse the different parts of the house instead of making it into one tall house, which will look bulky. Another reason why the houses are low and flat is because, he does not want the house to stand out more than the natural surroundings, he wants his projects to blend harmoniously with nature because he believes that people can learn a lot from nature.
From the shape of the building and the interior furniture, we can see that he uses a lot of simple geometrical shapes, vertical and horizontal lines. This shows how simple his design style is and also he does not use my curve elements in his architecture and interior design. By looking at the floor plan design of Wright’s studio, we can see that the floor plan is made up of basic shapes, such as squares, octagons, rectangles, etc.
As you can see, from the Darwin D Martin house and Wright’s studio, there are some differences between them. One of the differences is the fact that the proportion of Wright’s studio is greater in the vertical direction, instead of horizontal direction. This is because of the difference in area, the Darwin D Martin house is located in a residential area and the client has a large land space and the land for Wright’s studio is smaller comparing to the Darwin D Martin house.
The main materials for the Darwin D Martin house are bricks, while the main materials for Wright’s studio are wood. The reason is because, the colour of the brick can compliment the surrounding area of the project, while the colour of the oak wood for the Wright studio will blend harmoniously with the surrounding trees.
But with these differences, we still can see the relationship between the different projects such as the colour scheme, even though with different materials the colours scheme will still be in the category of natural earthy colours. The basic designs are still open and geometrical, which goes according to Wright’s design code.

3.6 Conclusion
Frank Lloyd Wright made a bold move in the architecture and interior design world. He showed us that nature can be a part of the architecture and that we should always respect the natural environment, because everything that we have comes from nature. Frank Lloyd Wright also believes that we can learn a lot from nature and if we respect the natural environment around us, it will give us ideas and resources that we need, and nature will never betray us.
Before the advance movement in technology occurs, Wright was still affected by the design style of his boss, Sullivan. But due modernization and the great movement technology, Wright created his own design style, which shows that his projects are simple, have a sense of individuality, and also unique, which is why every project he ever designed always has different furniture pieces. His design style gave the American citizens, a new option in their architecture vocabulary and also inspires many potential architect and interior design students.
The Darwin D Martin house is considered to be Wright’s best creation, next to the Falling water, which was created 30 years after the Darwin D Martin house. The Darwin D Martin house is a great example of integrating nature to the architectural design. Until today, many people still consider Frank Lloyd Wright as the greatest architect of America.

Reference
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Appendix