...Bab I Pendahuluan I.A. The Nature of Anxiety Rasa takut merupakan emosi normal individu terhadap ancaman dari lingkungan. Anak usia pra-sekolah biasanya takut akan perpisahan, gelap, orang asing, imaginery beings, dan binatang sedangkan anak usia sekolah biasanya takut akan kemunkinan terluka, kesendirian, gelap, dan binatang. Dalam proses perkembangan normal, anak dapat mengatasi rasa takut itu dengan menggunakan adaptive defense mechanism. Misalnya, setelah mimpi buruk seorang anak mengingatkan dirinya sendiri bahwa itu hanyalah mimpi dan bukan sesuatu yang nyata. Anak juga dapat menilai besaran rasa takutnya terhadap sebuah stimulus tertentu. Misalnya, seorang anak dapat menilai bahwa saat ini stimulus itu terlalu menyebabkan kecemassan sehingga untuk sementara dia tidak akan pergi ke arah stimulus itu. (Wenar & Kerig, 2005) Seorang anak dikatakan memiliki gangguan kecemasan apabila rasa takut tersebut berlebihan dan anak gagal menggunakan defense mechanism untuk mengatasi rasa takut itu. Perbedaan gangguan kecemasan dan rasa takut yang normal teletak pada intensitas situasi, perilaku maladaptif, persistence, di luar kontrol anak, dan tidak dapat dijelaskan ataupun diselesaikan. (Wenar & Kerig, 2005) I.B. Anxiety Disorders Dalam dua puluh tahun terakhir ini, pemahaman mengenai psikopatologi, course, dan ketidakmampuan berkaitan dengan gangguan kecemasan mengalami kemajuan. Sebelumnya, kecemasan dianggap sebagai bagian yang normal dalam perkembangan...
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...Urbanism ISI ARTS & HUMANITIES A Contrario IBSS Aaa-Arbeiten Aus Anglistik Und Amerikanistik ISI ARTS & HUMANITIES Aaohn Journal ISI SCIENCE Aaohn Journal ISI SOC SCIENCE Aapg Bulletin ISI SCIENCE Aaps Journal ISI SCIENCE Aaps Pharmscitech ISI SCIENCE Aatcc Review ISI SCIENCE Abacus: Journal Of Accounting, Finance And Business Studies IBSS Abacus-A Journal Of Accounting Finance And Business StudiesISI SOC SCIENCE Abdominal Imaging ISI SCIENCE Abhandlungen Aus Dem Mathematischen Seminar Der UniversISI SCIENCE Abstract And Applied Analysis ISI SCIENCE Abstracts Of Papers Of The American Chemical Society ISI SCIENCE Academia-Revista Latinoamericana De Administracion ISI SOC SCIENCE Academic Emergency Medicine ISI SCIENCE Academic Medicine ISI SCIENCE Academic Pediatrics ISI SCIENCE Academic Psychiatry ISI SOC SCIENCE Academic Radiology ISI SCIENCE Academy Of Management Annals ISI SOC SCIENCE Academy Of Management Journal ISI SOC SCIENCE Academy Of Management Journal IBSS Academy Of Management Learning & Education ISI SOC SCIENCE Academy Of Management Perspectives ISI SOC SCIENCE Academy Of Management Perspectives IBSS Academy Of Management Review ISI SOC SCIENCE Academy Of Management Review IBSS Academy Of Marketing Science Review IBSS Acadiensis ISI ARTS & HUMANITIES Acadiensis: Journal Of The History Of The Atlantic Region IBSS Accident Analysis And Prevention ISI SOC SCIENCE Accountability In Research-Policies And Quality Assurance ISI SCIENCE Accounting And Business Research ISI...
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...Social Change and Modernity Edited By Hans Haferkamp and Neil J. Smelser UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley Los Angeles Oxford © 1992 The Regents of the University of California INTRODUCTION Hans Haferkamp and Neil J. Smelser Haferkamp is grateful to Angelika Schade for her fruitful comments and her helpful assistance in editing this volume and to Geoff Hunter for translating the first German version of parts of the Introduction; Smelser has profited from the research assistance and critical analyses given by Joppke. 1. Social Change and Modernity Those who organized the conference on which this volume is based—including the editors— decided to use the terms "social change" and "modernity" as the organizing concepts for this project. Because these terms enjoy wide usage in contemporary sociology and are general and inclusive, they seem preferable to more specific terms such as "evolution" "progress," "differentiation," or even "development," many of which evoke more specific mechanisms, processes, and directions of change. Likewise, we have excluded historically specific terms such as "late capitalism" and "industrial society" even though these concepts figure prominently in many of the contributions to this volume. The conference strategy called for a general statement of a metaframework for the study of social change within which a variety of more specific theories could be identified. 2. Theories of Social Change Change is such an evident feature of...
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...The Interpretation of Dreams Sigmund Freud (1900) PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Wheras there was a space of nine years between the first and second editions of this book, the need of a third edition was apparent when little more than a year had elapsed. I ought to be gratified by this change; but if I was unwilling previously to attribute the neglect of my work to its small value, I cannot take the interest which is now making its appearance as proof of its quality. The advance of scientific knowledge has not left The Interpretation of Dreams untouched. When I wrote this book in 1899 there was as yet no "sexual theory," and the analysis of the more complicated forms of the psychoneuroses was still in its infancy. The interpretation of dreams was intended as an expedient to facilitate the psychological analysis of the neuroses; but since then a profounder understanding of the neuroses has contributed towards the comprehension of the dream. The doctrine of dream-interpretation itself has evolved in a direction which was insufficiently emphasized in the first edition of this book. From my own experience, and the works of Stekel and other writers, [1] I have since learned to appreciate more accurately the significance of symbolism in dreams (or rather, in unconscious thought). In the course of years, a mass of data has accumulated which demands consideration. I have endeavored to deal with these innovations by interpolations in the text and footnotes. If these additions do...
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