...Literature Review Handout Liberty University Online Writing Center Handout Description A review of literature is a critical analysis of a portion of the published body of knowledge available through the use of summary, classification, and comparison of previous research studies, reviews of literature, and journal articles (“How to Write a Literature Review”, 2012). This handout discusses the reasons for writing a literature review and presents its various requirements. It examines what a literature review is, as well as what it is not; it distinguishes between the literature review and the annotated bibliography. Like many academic writing assignments, there is not one universal standard for writing a literature review. Its format can differ from discipline to discipline and from assignment to assignment. There is, however, an overall structure that is commonly used across various disciplines, and this format is examined in more detail. The handout concludes with some helpful “tips and tricks” for preparing a literature review. Disclaimer: The content of a literature review may vary from discipline to discipline and from assignment to assignment. The literature review content recommended in this handout is that which is most commonly included. If in doubt about what you should include in your literature review, please consult your professor. Literature Review Handout Defining a Literature Review ...
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...Question 1 1.1 Discuss the differences between the following: a) Psychological Testing b) Psychometrics c) Psychological Assessment a) Psychological testing Psychological tests are basically an objective and standardized measure of a sample of behaviour; it can be referred to as a measuring instrument or procedure that was developed to measure variables related to the field of psychology. They set out three apparent characteristics: 1. It is a random sample test of for behaviour. 2. The random sample is obtained under standardized conditions 3. There are set rules for the marking of the instruments or obtaining of quantitative information of the random sample test. b) Psychometrics It is defined as a systematic and scientific way in which psychological measures are developed and the technical measurement standards required of measures. It is designed to show someone’s personality, mental ability, opinions, etc. c) Psychological assessment Psychological assessment is a process orientated activity aimed at gathering a wide array of information by using assessment measures and information from many other sources such as interviews, the information is then evaluated and integrated to make a conclusion or a decision. 1.2 Research participants want to know what anonymity and confidentiality are, explain. The data that is collected should be private, an individual has the right to privacy which means he has the right to decide how much he wants to...
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...THE HOME, THE SCHOOL AND THE COMMUNITY: HOW DO THEY COLLABORATE IN SUPPORTING THE STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC AND NON-ACADEMIC DEVELOPMENT An essay by Wan Zainira Wan Bakar Institute of Education, IIUM Introduction The home, the school and the community play important roles in ensuring the balance development of students’ academic and non-academic life. Academic is defined as "pertaining to the development of the mind" or "anything that occurs in a school" ( Simanek, 1992,1996). Non-academic here refers to other aspects than that of academic. In order to attain student as a quality human product, the three components do not function individually, rather they should interact, support and complement each other (which I will use the term collaborate). Epstein mentioned that: The way schools care about children is reflected in the way schools care about the children's families. If educators view children simply as students, they are likely to see the family as separate from the school. That is, the family is expected to do its job and leave the education of children to the schools. If educators view students as children, they are likely to see both the family and the community as partners with the school in children's education and development. Partners recognize their shared interests in and responsibilities for children, and they work together to create better programs and opportunities for students (Epstein, 1995). It is necessary to discuss the issue from the following...
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...The process of work is at the core of social structure. The technological and managerial transformation of labor, and of production relationships, in and around the emerging network enterprise is the main lever by which the informational paradigm and the process of globalization affect society at large. In this chapter I shall analyze this transformation on the basis of available evidence, while attempting to make sense of contradictory trends observed in the changes of work and employment patterns over the past decades. I shall first address the classic question of secular transformation of employment structure that underlies theories of post-industrialism, by analyzing its evolution in the main capitalist countries between 1 920 and 2005. Next, to reach beyond the borders of OEeD countries, I shall consider the arguments on the emergence of a global labor force. I shall then turn to analyze the specific impact of new information technologies on the process of work itself, and on the level of employment, trying to assess the widespread fear of a jobless society. Finally, I shall treat the potential impacts of the transformation of work and employment on the social structure by focusing on processes of social polarization that have been associated with the emergence of the informational para- digm. In fact, I shall suggest an alternative hypothesis that, while acknowledging these trends, will place them in the broader framework of a more fundamental transformation:...
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