...Magnetic resonance imaging, aka MRI, is a scanning technique to produce detailed 3 dimensional anatomical images of the human body in any direction by using a magnetic field and radio waves. The pictures provide information that can be useful in diagnosing a wide variety of diseases and conditions. Radio waves cause the molecules to create faint signals that are used to view the body in narrow, axial slices. How does MRI Work? An MRI scanner has a large magnet with a tube shaped tunnel through the middle. The MRI machine picks up signals from the nuclei of the hydrogen atoms in the body. A computer converts these signals them into a black and white picture. The magnets from the MRIs develops a strong magnetic field that makes the protons to align with the field. When the radiofrequency pulses are sent in, the protons are stimulated and makes them non-equilibrium, a state of the chemical reaction in which the opposing forces are not balanced. When the pulses are off, the particles produce electrical signals...
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...Capital project Capital project section two Executive summary There is an overuse of the hospital MRI machine at the facility. The MRI machine needs to be utilized for multiple specialties including emergencies, inpatients, gamma knife, orthopedics, sports medicine. The ultimate recommendation is to add an extremity MRI scanner to the facility to relieve some of the usage of the main MRI machine. Providing this relief benefits in many aspects. The addition will provide an opportunity to expand the sports medicine and orthopedics department. A premier department that is recognized as elite, but this is just one aspect of improvement. Other improvements include the inpatient length of stay. The inpatient length of stay is above benchmarks due in part to the waiting times of the main MRI machine. This increase in length of stay also affects patient satisfaction scores. Physicians have also expressed frustrations due to the waiting times of scans to be done for diagnostic purposes and have opted their office patients to utilize the MRI scans in other departments. Retention of physicians who bring in patients is an important factor to consider in the proposed expenditure. Retention of physicians’ means retention of admissions of whom are sent bu their respective physicians. There is also the potential for liability issues related to the wait times and potential delayed acute diagnosis of medical conditions due to the wait times. This is an opportunity to relieve some of those...
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... During this time, the lady was also referred to several other specialists, such a sports medicine doctor, chiropractor, physiologist, and a pain doctor. The sports medicine doctor tried cortisone shots that gave only mild relief. After 15 sessions from the chiropractor the lady was not feeling any better. The physiologist did not help whatsoever. The pain doctor tried steroid cortisone shot in the neck, result one day of relief (was supposed to be at least two weeks). The pain doctor did prescribe a heavy duty pain killer (Neurontin) and a tens unit. The Neurontin took only some of the edge off the pain; however, the doctor had to increase the dosage. Within six months the lady went from 1600 mg to 4800 mg. The doctor also had an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) done to see if he could get a better idea of what could be...
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...Unit 6 Assignment – HS440-5 Explain the methodologies and processes used in preparing budgets for health care organizations. Before making any major capital investment decisions, such as the purchase of a new Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Electronic Health Record (EHR), or any major machine/system, the organization must create a business strategic plan that should contain their mission, values, and vision statements, and most importantly, their goals and objectives. Part of this strategic plan, would include the planning and budget process. The general planning process can and will assist an organization and or health system set themselves up for future success. It will be the budget procedure, or financial forecasts that will link...
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...virtopsy, whose positive aspects have been well acknowledged including enabling pathologists to detect bullet paths, hidden fractures and internal bleeding, which may be difficult to be detected in the conventional autopsy. MRI scans and CT scans outline the emboli, which are the air bubbles that get into the body via the wound and hinder or obstruct blood vessels. Scholars have noted that such evidence may escape as soon as pathologists cut open the organs or veins, thereby necessitating underwater autopsies, in order to see the air escaping (Oliver et al, 1999). Virtopsy scans ease the detection of inhaled or aspirated water, as well as blood in the lungs, which inform the pathologist that the individual was alive when he or she sustained the injuries or entered the water. On...
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...Different individuals experience different types of gunshot wounds along the spinal column due to factors such as the projection and velocity of the fired bullet, the type of firearm used and the tissue that has been penetrated by the bullet. It is the duty of radiologists to ensure that they have enough knowledge of firearm mechanics in order to carry out an effective radiology test that in turn ensures that physicians are able to come up with sound decisions regarding treatment of gunshot wounds in the spine. With the right knowledge, a radiologist is able to know what type of test to undertake so as not to imperil the existence of the patient when it comes to MRI scanning. MRI scans have the potential of moving the bullet that can cause further damage to the spine. Forensic radiology is however not always necessary in cases where the patients do not portray significant spinal injuries. Forensic Radiography is essential in ensuring that proper treatment is afforded to the patients with spinal injuries due to gunshot...
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...With our growing interest on how the brain works, modern technology has become extremely important to us as it allows us to build a deeper and more accurate understanding of our brain and its way of functioning. There are many different technological methods nowadays such as the encephalogram (EEG), computer tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET). Each of these has slightly different functions and is used to investigate difference types of brain activity. All of these different technologies are useful in different ways, and are used to look into the brain. In this essay two of these technologies, the PET scan and the MRI will be evaluated, looking...
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...Congenital anomalies of the Cervical Spine are very rare and the findings of them are only incidental, because they are usually asymptomatic. These abnormalities are very important for either vascular surgery in the neck region or in cases of intravascular disease and cerebral aneurysms. (1) Congenital vertebral anomalies can lead to spinal deformity and scoliosis. Nevertheless they are relatively rarely seen in the cervical vertebrae. (3) In 2009, the case of Tracey Edwards, my mother, she went to the doctor with left shoulder pain. Dr. Greg Wood confirmed she had an osteophytic disk complex on the left at C4-5. While going through the work-up for the surgery she had a CT, MRI and Myelogram. Throughout these exams they were looking for anything that would be causing her discomfort. But, what the Radiologist found was that she had an anomalous vertebral artery on the right at the level of C4 with medialization in the C4 vertebral body. My mother’s anomaly was the first one Dr. Wood had ever seen in one of his patients at this time. After her...
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...Drug Administration (FDA) has approved two types of medications — cholinesterase inhibitors (Aricept, Exelon, Razadyne) and memantine (Namenda) — to treat the cognitive symptoms (memory loss, confusion, and problems with thinking and reasoning) of Alzheimer's disease (Alzheimer's Association, 2018 ). The FDA has created a drug to treat some symptoms of dementia, but has not been cured yet. Some scientist have taken initiative to try to find cures. There have been different way people have tried to find dementia before it gets worse. CT or MRI scans can check for evidence of stroke or bleeding or tumor or hydrocephalus. PET scans can show patterns of brain activity and if the amyloid protein, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, has been deposited in the brain (Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database, 2016). The Mri while looking for evidence of stroke or bleeding or tumor which could affect the neurons in the brain cells would also be looking to see if there are some abnormal lobes. Simple blood tests can detect physical problems that can affect brain function, such as vitamin B-12 deficiency or an underactive thyroid gland. Sometimes the spinal fluid is examined for infection, inflammation or markers of some degenerative diseases (Press D, et al., 2016). Vitamin B12 deficiency in blood by blood drawn by doing this. A mental health professional can determine whether depression or another mental health condition is contributing to your symptoms (Press D, et al., 2016). When they...
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...Evaluation of MRI in diagnosing Osteoarthritis Clinical Presentation: A 65-year-old female presents to a primary care office with bilateral knee joint stiffness and pain that has been increasing for “some time.” She has a BMI of 30, and states the pain is worse upon movement, but becomes manageable with short rest. The patient states that the pain in her left knee is noticeably worse than her right knee. The patient is now retired but used worked at a bakery that required frequent bending and standing for long periods of time. Physical exam showed a lack of range of motion and revealed mild tenderness to palpation of knees. The patient denies pain upon palpation of surrounding tissue. The patient also denies any recent trauma or injury to her lower, but stated that she did tear her meniscus in her left knee about 15 years ago. PICO: In patients who have suspected knee osteoarthritis is an CT scan alone sufficient for diagnosis based on the specificity and sensitivity of the test....
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...technician and very familiar with the procedure of vital taking. The results from a patients’ vitals are put in the patients’ chart so the doctor can analyze it in case it is a contributing factor of an illness. Therefore, this is the first line of treatment. The patient notices that the medical assistant is not checking her blood pressure correctly and the results are not correct. The problem with this is that the patient is experiencing headaches, pain, anxiety, dizziness, issues with vision, and is obese. A correct blood pressure will alert the doctor of health issues that may be related to high blood pressure. Nonetheless, the medical assistant says the patients’ blood pressure is 120/68. The doctor spends most of the five-minute visit looking over the patients’ chart. This patient informs the doctor of the incorrect blood pressure reading. The doctor rechecks it and declares the blood pressure is 158/101. Once the patients’ complaint is heard, she is given referrals to several other doctors. The patient leaves the primary care doctor’s office still in pain, still with high blood pressure, and without medication for either. What the primary care doctor does prescribe is a referrals to several specialist. The patient must schedule the appointments for the specialist the doctor referred. One of the specialist is a cardiologist, whose clinic is full and the earliest appointment is in three months. She is referred to a specialist for her back problems which is scheduled for a month...
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...Cognitive Psychology The field of psychology is made up of different branches and each branch gives a range of different ideas and theories toward the compound field of psychology. Cognitive psychology is one branch that focuses on how cognition directly affects human behavior. Primarily cognitive psychology tries to uncover the underlying mental processes that play a role on particular human behaviors. Cognitive psychology was created in distinction of behavioral psychology. Major human functions can be observed through theories from the cognitive branch of psychology. These things can range from language, problem solving skills, memory functioning, and perception. Cognitive psychologists have developed many theories over the years that have made major contributions to the general field of psychology. The Foundation of Cognitive Psychology Prior to cognitive psychology becoming a significant branch of the psychology field, behavioral psychology was the main branch within psychology. Cognitive psychology came about when psychologists began to have questions about the behavioral method to psychology. Several psychologists felt that the behavioral approach to psychology had many gaps when it came to basic human functions such as memory, language, and learning. Psychologists attempted to fill these gaps by comparing the human mind to a computer (Willingham, 2007). Psychologists and scientists who studied artificial intelligence considered that the human mind functioned similar...
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...said I had a systemic yeast infection, and put me on a Candida diet for months. Over the course of four months, I saw him 12 times. I was cracked, adjusted, lasered, chanted to, and given lots of vitamins and herbs. The treatments and the diet made no difference in my hearing or the ringing. I had a total of three acupuncture treatments over the course of three months, to clear up congestion and bought lots of herbal stuff. The acupuncturist poked me in the head, the hands, the face, and the feet. My congestion is less substantive, but it made no difference in my hearing or the ringing. The ENT told me I had some hearing loss (duh) and to come back in three or four months, possibly for an MRI to see if there was a tumor or something else going on. Three months later I called for the MRI and he again made me come in for a hearing test, which showed a little bit more loss, not much, and again...
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...and because, at least in the beginning, AD and other forms of dementia can resemble normal aging. Therefore additional steps are necessary to confirm or rule out a diagnosis of dementia. Physical examination A physical examination can help rule out treatable causes of dementia and identify signs of stroke or other disorders that can contribute to dementia. It can also identify signs of other illnesses, such as heart disease or kidney failure, that can overlap with dementia. If a patient is taking medications that may be causing or contributing to his or her symptoms, the doctor may suggest stopping or replacing some medications to see if the symptoms go away. Neurological evaluations Doctors will perform a neurological examination, looking at balance, sensory function, reflexes, and other functions, to identify signs of conditions - for example movement disorders or stroke - that may affect the patient's diagnosis or are treatable with drugs. Cognitive and neuropsychological tests Doctors use tests that measure memory, language skills, math skills, and other abilities related to mental functioning to help them diagnose a patient's condition accurately. For example, people with AD often show changes in so-called executive functions (such as problem-solving), memory, and the ability to perform once-automatic tasks. Doctors often use a...
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...important problem in the United States requiring attention because of the life-altering changes occurring a few months to a few years post-injury. Sometimes called the “silent killer”, TBI’s claim more than 52,000 lives per year with more than twice that number that are hospitalized or unreported (Faul, 2010). With its invisibility, initial diagnosis of a TBI is difficult and often overlooked. There is a broad spectrum of symptoms and disabilities, classified as either mild, moderate or severe. It can sometimes difficult diagnosing a TBI when physicians are treating other conditions in the Emergency Department. A mild TBI is classified as an altered state of conscious level with no mass/lesion visible on a CT or MRI. Moderate TBI’s are present with either a mass on a CT/MRI and/or the presence of neurological deficits, while the severity of severe TBI’s represents the existence of a coma and a lesion (Zollman, 2011). The bump, blow or jolt to the head may disrupt a child’s brain function. The blow may be considered open or closed based on whether the injury penetrates the skull and underlining meninges. For instance, the historic example of Phineas Gage had a large iron rod driven completely through his head and is classified as an open head injury. Compared to open head injuries, closed ones are more severe because of the increased intracranial pressure developed after a blow to the head. Early childhood is of relevance to study and understand because the number of TBI experienced...
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