...Asian Low Cost Airlines A Strategic Management Analysis Analysis is made from Strategic Alliances between Batch 20 and Batch 21 of SGU MBA Program Written by YopieRissa Pahlawan Arfianto RiaHutari RonyHariadi If you get your passengers to their destinations when they want to get there, on time, at the lowest possible fares, and make darn sure they have a good time doing it, people will fly your airline. Rollin King and Herb Kelleher, founder of Southwest Airlines in 1971 SECTION 1 – Budget and Low Cost Airlines 1.1. Budget Airlines The original concept of budget airlines is basically outsourced business. It puts together other businesses into and integrates those separate businesses into a form of operation and put effort to create a brand. Basically, it will try to minimize capital investments and cover it with operational expenses. And by nature of its business model, the cost structures are all variable costs, or very minimum fixed costs. With this business model, the company is not only rent the aircraft, but also outsourced its pilots, flight attendants, and other employees. It will sell tickets through agents and use service from company doing aircraft maintenance and services. And to ensure the profitability, it is critical that the operational costs, which is the main source of expenses, to be as low as possible. Therefore, it is typical that companies using this business model to use old airplanes which are close to end of the service-life...
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...The aim of this paper is to discuss how low cost carriers will continue to impact the airline industry in 2012 and beyond. We will look at the history of the budget airline industry and their consumer targets. As well as analyse what marketing strategies they use that have allowed them to grow so much. A low cost carrier is an airline category defined primarily by low fares but also by a focus on reducing operating costs by eliminating complexity and charge for product elements which go beyond the basic product: the flight. The first budget airline company Southwest Airlines was launched in 1971 in Dallas Texas and turned profitable in 1973. According to the e-magazine Airline Business (2012) research, Southwest Airlines is the biggest domestic airline in USA and is the biggest budget airline in the world by revenue. Ryanair is the second largest low cost carrier with its launch in 1990 In the UK followed by EasyJet and Virgin. In 2001 Ryanair and Easyjet started to offer connections between two airports outside their home which was only possible due to a political decision allowing airlines to turn from more governmentally controlled transport providers to private companies on a free market. LCC became popular since the 1990s because of the low-fares and no-frills service. Compared to the full cost carriers (FCC), more people chose to fly with low cost carriers because they can fly domestically and to more countries. Furthermore, LCC tend to have scheduled flights and...
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...Introduction This paper explains the strategic marketing planning process illustrating the discussion with examples from the low cost airline, Easyjet. The paper proceeds in five parts. In the next section of the paper, the concept of market segmentation is described and discussed. Next, the concept is located in the overall positioning, segmentation, targeting (PST) organisational strategy. Porters’ Generic Strategy is then outlined, as a supplementary paradigm to market segmentation. The concept of the marketing mix is discussed and applied to the case study company. A brief conclusion closes the paper. Before examining the marketing process, however, it is necessary to provide an overview of the case study company. Easyjet is an airline company that has been operating in the United Kingdom since 1995 (Easyjet, 2014). Like many other low-cost carriers, the company initially modeled itself on the business model of a successful American carrier, Southwestern Airlines (Yip, 2004). That airline had experienced unprecedented success by cultivating and exploiting a low cost operating model – Easyjet sought to implement this model in the European context, launching a flight between London and Amsterdam that was half the cost of the fare at the time offered by national carrier British Airways (Sull, 1999). In the years that followed, Easyjet rapidly expanded its route network to include hubs in some of the major British cities: Glasgow, Manchester and Liverpool, and routes to...
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...Transferring low-cost marketing practices from air to rail services: The Ouigo case Paul Chiambaretto a,b, Anne-Sophie Fernandez c a b c MRM-Groupe Sup de Co Montpellier Business School, 2300 Avenue des Moulins, 34080 Montpellier, France Ecole Polytechnique, PREG-CRG, Bat. Ensta, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau, France MRM-ERFI, University of Montpellier 1, Espace Richter, Rue Vendémiaire, Bât. B, CS 19519, 34960 Montpellier Cedex, France a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 24 October 2013 Received in revised form 11 May 2014 Accepted 12 May 2014 Available online 29 May 2014 Keywords: Low-cost High-speed train Replication strategy Intra and intermodal competition a b s t r a c t More and more airlines have adopted a low-cost business model and many scholars have studied the characteristics of such marketing strategy. While other transport modes have decided to copy and adopt this strategy, we investigate how they replicate this business model. To do so, we in-depth study the operational and marketing characteristics of Ouigo, the new low-cost offer launched by the French rail operator SNCF in 2013. Based on interviews and secondary data (press articles, reports, etc.), we analyze how the rail operator has adapted the low-cost model used by airlines to the high-speed rail industry. We first begin by explaining why rail operators need to implement low-cost strategies and we analyze the characteristics of these low-cost strategies...
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...A low-cost carrier or low-cost airline (also known as a no-frills, discount or budget carrier or airline) is an airline that generally has lower fares and fewer comforts. To make up for revenue lost in decreased ticket prices, the airline may charge for extras like food, priority boarding, seat allocating, and baggage etc. The term originated within the airline industry referring to airlines with a lower operating cost structure than their competitors. While the term is often applied to any carrier with low ticket prices and limited services, regardless of their operating models, low-cost carriers should not be confused with regional airlines that operate short flights without service, or with full-service airlines offering some reduced fares. Some low-cost carriers operate aircraft configured with a single passenger class, and most operate just a single type of aircraft. In the past, low-cost carriers tended to operate older aircraft, older models of the Boeing 737. Since 2000, fleets generally consist of smaller, newer, more fuel efficient aircraft, commonly the Airbus A320 or Boeing 737 families, reducing training and servicing costs. Airlines often offer a simpler fare scheme, such as charging one-way tickets half that of round-trips. Typically fares increase as the plane fills up, which rewards early reservations. Often, the low cost carriers fly to smaller, less congested secondary airports and/or fly to airports in off-peak hours to avoid air traffic delays and taking...
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... into a new age of expansion driven by factors such as low-cost carriers (LCC), modern airports, foreign direct investments (FDI) in national carriers, cutting edge information technology (IT) interventions and a growing emphasis on regional connectivity. The most significant development in the Indian domestic market is the increasing dominance of the low-cost carrier model, which has modernized the aviation industry by extending the choice of the air transport to customers at the lowest costs. Also, LCCs have driven the growth of aviation through the introduction of regional routes and periodic discount offers, thus accounting for huge benefits to the Indian aviation sector. This...
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... Air Tran (low-cost carriers) than US Airways, Continental, Delta (network airlines). As mentioned in Planning Airport Access in an Era of Low-Cost Airlines an article from Journal of the American Planning Association (JAPA) 2006 written by Richard de Neufville; air transportation industry is changing fundamentally. Richard de Neufville is a professor of engineering systems and environmental engineering at Massachusetts Institute of technology. He has consulted on airport related projects in many cites which led him to write this article. Neufville presented the elementary good business practice which is planning for airport access that focuses on the companies that have resources and avoid taking long term obligations for clients that have neither money now nor good future. Big airlines such as Delta and US airways are funding the construction of luxurious airports in major cities, but not taking into consideration the business they are losing to low-cost airlines. United States competitors (low cost airlines) accounted for only 8% of the market in 1995 and a decade later these competitors now control the future of air travel in the United States. Research shows that 50% of the U.S. revenue passenger-miles were flown on either the low cost airlines or on network airlines for the fare rate. The average cost of traditional airlines per passenger is about 15 cents per available seat mile compared to 9 cents for low-cost carriers. This change has reduced the cost of air transport...
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...will extend for a 12 month period and following will be an evaluation plan to be used on continuous bases. Company Overview-British Airlines The full-service airline offers high level of fixed and operating costs. Full service airlines operate with fixed cost and fixed products and service (Smith, 2002). The airline provides different types of services such as in-flight meal, travel assistant, lounge access, and many others services. The full service airline has faced much competition from the many low cost airlines on the market which are airlines that provide limited service for in-flights they are able to lower their costs of travel. The airline comes with many services including two class segmentations, online or direct travel agent, and others services. The carrier being one of the oldest airlines in the world continues to support the full service model despite the many low cost airlines. British Airways is the elite carrier in the United Kingdom. The headquarters are located in the Waterside area in London Heathrow Airport. British Airways is the largest airline in the UK it is ranked high among the fleet of international flight destinations. The airlines just signed an agreement with Iberia airlines from Spain to create the largest carrier in Europe the deal is still...
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...it is characterized by high capital requirements, high barriers to entry, low or no growth, rising costs, high competition, and strict government regulation. In addition to rising fuel costs, which happens to be a major issue, events such as the economic recession, swine flu outbreak, and 9/11 attacks have negatively effected or still continue to negatively effect domestic airline travel. To survive and reduce losses within the industry, some airlines still in business are merging to cut costs and adding baggage fees. However, low-cost carriers such as JetBlue and Southwest have emerged as winners and continue to achieve profits in a troubled industry. JetBlue has managed to stay competitive by offering points of differentiation in its service and aligning its low-cost strategy with its operations. JetBlue offers pre-assigned leather seats, free entertainment options such DIRECTV and SiriusXM radio, low fares, a better loyalty program, single class service, more nonstop flights, and a consumer friendly website. It maintains lower costs by operating two models of aircraft, employing non-unionized employees, and serving under-served markets. With its points of difference and ability to deliver high customer satisfaction, JetBlue has been able to differentiate itself from the competition. The airline is able to provide low fares and high quality service while also offering additional options at no extra cost. The ability to offer DIRECTV and SiriusXM radio on all flights is a great...
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...environment will be success in the market. The AirAsia Berhad is successfully had a high performance in the previous turbulence environment it faced. Now, the AirAsia Berhad had become the leader in the lowest cost carrier in the airplane industry. Cost Leadership Strategy Datuk Tony Fernandez as CEO of AirAsia Berhad said his philosophy is very clear: before a business can grow, it needs to have its costs under control. It must be cost-efficient and profitable, and it must create value. Costs that do not add value must be contained, reduced and even eliminated. It means that AirAsia can be growing in the airline business if they can control their cost. The cost that they have to running there must be efficient and reliable. Everything that can make inefficiencies must be reduced and possibly to eliminate. AirAsia can be possibly competing with other airplane industries if they can make efficiencies to reduce cost and make the low possible fare than other airplane industries. Alignment with what Datuk Tony Fernandez said AirAsia business strategy was centered on cost leadership which targets specific markets which are price sensitive customers. The cost leadership in AirAsia Company is already approving because AirAsia more focused and concentrated in the lowest cost carrier in airplane industries. AirAsia builds and sustains its competitive advantage by providing services at a price that simply lower than competitors price. Operation effectiveness and outstanding efficiency...
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...Ryanair operates as a cost leader in the European low cost carrier segment of the airline industry. As a cost leader they aim to achieve high volume sales by attracting customers with low prices. As a result of charging some of the lowest prices in the industry, Ryanair has seen growth in traffic and reported record revenues. To remain profitable the company focuses on maintaining low costs and efficient operations. The key issues facing Ryanair include how to remain profitable in light of rising fuel prices and currency exchange risk, the ability to maintain market share and growth in a segment characterized by intense competition, and whether or not it would be profitable to expand into the growing international/emerging markets and internet retailing space. In addressing these key issues, it is recommended that Costco focuses on opportunities in the internet retailing space to grow bottom and top line growth as well as increasing market share. It is also recommended that they remain committed to their low cost high inventory turnover strategy in order to continue to offer consumers the lowest prices and achieve high inventory turnover. By taking these initiating the strategies summarized above, Costco will be able to maintain their position as market leader and continue to operate profitably in the discount membership warehouse segment of the retail industry. Business Model & Strategy Ryanair operates as a cost leader in the low cost segment of the airline...
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... Lost Cost Carrier [LCC] Business Model----------------------------------------------------------------9 Current Issues / Problems---------------------------------------------------------------------------------13 Strategy to solve problems-------------------------------------------------------------------------------19 Conclusion-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23 References-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25 INTRODUCTION : BACKGROUND OF THE COMPANY AirAsia Berhad [Company No: 284669-W] [Incorporated in Malaysia with limited liability under the Companies Act, 1965] First Quarter Report Ended 30 September 2004. This is the first quarterly announcement made by AirAsia to the Bursa Malaysia Berhad since its listing on 22 November 2004. AirAsia is one of the award winning and largest low fare airlines in the Asia expanding rapidly since 2001. With a fleet of 72 aircrafts, AirAsia flies to over 61 domestic and international destinations with 108 routes, and operates over 400 flights daily from hubs located in Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia. Today, AirAsia has flown over 55 million guests across the region and continues to create more extensive route network through its associate companies. AirAsia believes in the no-frills, hassle-free, low fare business concept and feels that keeping costs low requires...
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...11164 Yasmin Yashodha/ Elixir Mgmt. Arts 51 (2012) 11164-11171 Available online at www.elixirpublishers.com (Elixir International Journal) Management Arts Elixir Mgmt. Arts 51 (2012) 11164-11171 AirAsia Berhad: Strategic analysis of a leading low cost carrier in the Asian region Yasmin Yashodha Taylor’s University Lakeside Campus, No. 1 Jalan Taylor's, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. A R TI C L E I N F O Art i c l e h i st ory : Received: 9 July 2012; Received in revised form: 13 October 2012; Accepted: 30 October 2012; K ey w or d s Strategic analysis, Region, Low cost, Extensive. ABSTRACT This study examines the extensive strategic analysis of AirAsia Berhad that has enabled it to sustain its competitive advantage as Asia’s leading low cost carrier (LCC). The study demonstrates the diverse business-level, corporate level and competitive strategies of AirAsia Berhad, played crucial roles in the LCC to successfully penetrate the under-served market segment of the airline industry within the ASEAN region. An in-depth analysis using a wide array of academic resources, relevant financial, legal and management resources and authorized websites, including face-to-face interviews were used to provide a more consequential comprehension on the varied business and international strategies that were implemented by AirAsia Berhad. This research exhibits critical analysis pertaining to the current macro environment of the aviation industry which includes...
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...16 18 Chart 17 18 Chart 18 19 Chart 19 19 Chart 20 20 Chart 21 20 Chart 22 21 Chart 23 21 Major Findings: The principal driving force behind dramatic fundamental changes that have occurred and will occur in the U.S. airline industry over the next few years is the dramatic growth of low-cost Southwest Airlines: • A return to profitability hinges on developing lower-cost services in short haul markets and increasing fares in longer-haul markets: • Other major airlines are giving up competing with Southwest's low-cost service for market share. Southwest's continuing expansion will force other airlines to bring about a major change in their cost structures by developing new, low-cost services in short-haul markets. • The industry's inability to continue to charge relatively high fares in short-haul markets will, in turn, force a correction in the domestic industry's long-haul pricing structure where intense competition has produced fares that appear to be low in relation to costs. • The inability for existing airlines to compete with Southwest's much lower costs creates an...
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...- Other Low cost Airlines- Compass, Tiger Airways, Cebu Pacific, Jetstar Asia Airways, Impulse, Virgin blue Airlines. The number of competitors is very high and with the emergence of low cost carrier and deregulation the internal competition has increased and the only reason that reduces it is the low and highly volatile profitability. Suppliers Power - 高油費->高供應商議價能力Fuel prices are ever increasing affecting the cost so the supplier power is high. - 買大量飛機-> 高供應商議價能力The Asian airline industry is very optimistic about the growth potential of the Asian aviation industry so is placing huge aircraft orders thereby increasing the bargaining power of the suppliers again - The civil aircraft industry is monopolized by two major aircrafts manufacturers - Large capital required so the leasing companies come into picture. - Highly specialized and professional employees are required to maintain the status of five star carrier services. - The recent crisis in the overall airline industry has to some extend lead to a reduction in the prices of the aircrafts. Buyer’s power - Local population (Malaysian) - Southeast population- Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore, etc. - There is no switching cost as the buyer can easily switch from one airline to another so the power of the buyers increases. - There is a very low product differentiation so to succeed providing either services at very low cost or give a five...
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