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Lower Drinking Age to 18

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| Lowering the drinking age from 21 to 18 | Sociology 100 | | John Max | |
STRAYER UNIVERSITY
12/8/2012
Professor Taylor, Grace

Individuals born prior to 1966 had the right to drink alcohol legally in the United States at the age of 18. In 1984 the United States changed its legal drinking age from 18 to 21. The legal drinking age in the United States of America should be lowered from the age of 21 to the age 18. Americans today are mature enough at the age of 18 to drink responsibly. Lowering the drinking age from 21 to 18 will have a positive outcome for American society. Lowering the legal drinking age affects the country as a whole, as well as many countries around the world. When considering the issue in a global perspective view, the United States is only one of four countries that have a drinking age as high as 21. In just about every other country around the world there is little or no social pressure to drink. In the countries where the legal drinking age set to 18 irresponsible behavior is never tolerated. Young people learn at home from their parents and from other adults how to handle alcohol in a responsible manner. Lawrence Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development states that development occurs in stages. The second stage which is known as the conventional level appears in the teenage years. Kohlberg believes that in this stage young people lose some of their selfishness as they learn to define right and wrong in terms of what pleases parents and conforms to their cultural norms. (Macionis) The cultural norms in the United States should match those of most European countries when it comes to drinking alcohol. If the youths in America were taught the correct and responsible ways to drink alcohol there would be less alcohol related incidents in the future. Lowering the legal drinking age from 21 to 18 makes sense for many reasons. An individual must surely be old enough at the age of 18 to make the decision to consume alcohol responsibly, especially when considering everything that is already allowed at the age of 18. The simple fact is that at the age of 18 in the United States of America you can be drafted into the military and trained to fight for your country and possibly die for your country. A criminal at the age of 18 will be held mentally competent to stand trial and possibly face the death penalty. A young couple can choose to get married when they both reach the age of 18. At the age of 18 you can purchase a pack of cigarettes and smoke them doing more damage to your still developing body than drinking alcohol responsibly. The United States does not have a national minimum drinking age. States are allowed to set the limit where they choose. Despite this, all states abide by the legal Age of 21. This is because the National Minimum Drinking Age Act, which was passed in 1984, the federal government will withhold a percentage of federal highway funding from any state that chooses an age below 21. (Pro Con 2012) The rate of traffic fatalities in all age groups began to decline in 1969; more than a decade before setting the legal Age to 21 was adopted. More lives have been saved in the last two years alone by safety belts and air bags than have been saved in the 28 years since the adoption of Legal Age 21. In 2002, according to a NHTSA study, the largest number of alcohol-related traffic fatalities occurred among 21-23 year-olds. There were twice as many 21 year olds as 18 year-olds involved in alcohol-related traffic fatalities in 2002. (CR 2012) Lowering the drinking age back down to 18 may actually cause more alcohol related incidents with individuals 18-20 but it is not certain if this would actually occur or not. Another unknown would be whether or not lowering the legal age would really make alcohol less attractive to teens. The value of sociological research into lowering the drinking age to 18 and the practical implications of this can be broken down into a few key parts. The first being if we lower the legal age to 18 and change the social norms drinking will no longer be a big deal. The second part is how individuals between the ages of 18-20 handle themselves when traveling to countries that allow drinking at the age of 18. There have been many cases of young American tourists going abroad and getting drunk, many for the first time and causing trouble because they are unable to handle this new found freedom. Those under the age of 21 are more likely to be heavy "binge" drinkers (consuming over 5 drinks at least once a week). 22% of all students younger than 21 compared to 18% over the age of 21 are heavy drinkers. 1982 until 1987 about 46% of students reported "vomiting after drinking." This jumped to over 50% after the law change in 1984. Significant increases were also found for other variables: "cutting class after drinking" jumped from 9% to almost 12%; "missing class because of hangover" went from 26% to 28%; "getting lower grade because of drinking" rose from 5% to 7%; and "been in a fight after drinking" increased from 12% to 17%. (Ruth C. Engs) During this paper many points have been made for a good solid argument as to why the drinking age in the United States of America should be lowered to the age of 18 permanently. The federal government should repeal the National Minimum Drinking Age Act immediately.

References

CR (2012). Choose Responsibility. Retrieved from http://www.chooseresponsibility.org/legal_age_21/Country Studies (2012).
Macionis, John J. (2012). Sociology, 13th Edition, Sociology p117
Pro Con (2012). Drinking age background. Retrieved from http://drinkingage.procon.org/#background Ruth C. Engs. "Should the drinking age be lowered to 18 or 19"." Adapted from and in "Drinking on Campus," CQ Researcher 8 (March 20,1998):257. Issue's author Karen Scrivo.

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