...Cancer is one of the most terrifying medical conditions in the world, and it has touched nearly everyone's life in one way or another. It can affect any part of the body and there is no way to exactly predict who will or will not develop it, or when it will appear. Lung cancer is the leading cancer killer of women and men in the U.S. About 170,000 people in the United States are diagnosed with lung cancer each year. British scientist Sir Richard Doll discovered the connection between smoking and lung cancer. Doll published a study in 1950 that confirmed that "smoking was a major cause of lung cancer." Doll was knighted in 1972 for his work, which saved millions of lives. Lung cancer appears when a cycle of mutations in normal lung cells cause them to become abnormal and grow out of control. These changes can occur anywhere from the windpipe, down to the small air sacs in the area around the edge of the lungs where oxygen exchange takes place. Lung cancer is an uncontrolled, very deadly division of cells in the lung. Lung cancer is a disease where cancer cell go out of control taking over normal cells and organs cells in the body. There are two main types of lung cancer; non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. There are many symptoms that are hard to notice in the early stages of lung cancer. Doctor’s use special machines to identify the awfulness of each stage. Treatments and cures are different in each person case. Small cell lung...
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...Lung cancer is one of the leading killers of people today. I know it’s a serious thing. I know it can be very dangerous. I also know that smoking cigarettes is one of the main reasons why people get lung cancer in the first place. But there are a lot of things I don’t know. What exactly is lung cancer? How does it form? What are the symptoms? What other things cause it? What kind of treatment do people go through to cure it? How likely is it to die from lung cancer? Who suffers from lung cancer the most? After searching the Internet, I found many websites relating to lung cancer. Lung cancer, by the name, is cancer that starts in the lungs. As you breathe, air travels through the nose, down the windpipe, in the lungs and through tubes called bronchi. Usually, lung cancer begins in the cells that line the bronchi. The most common types of lung cancer are called non-small cell lung cancers. Non-small cell lung cancer usually grows and spreads faster than any other type. There are three common forms of non-small cell lung cancer. The first is adeonicarcinomas. This is usually found in the outer area of the lung. The second is squamous cell carcinomas. This is usually found in the center of the lung. The third is large cell carcinomas which can happen in any part of the lung. Non-small cell lung cancers come in four stages. In stage I, the cancer is just in the lung. In stages II and III, the cancer is in the lung and might also be in the lymph nodes. Stage IV of lung cancer...
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...Lung Cancer In general, cancer kills on average 7.9 million people worldwide every year, which is 13% of all deaths. Cancer is not just one disease but rather a group of diseases, all of which causes cells in the human body to change and grow out of control. Cancers are classified either according to the kind of fluid or tissue from which it originates. One of these types of cancer is Lung Cancer, more people die from lung cancer than any other cancer. With the advances of medicine and technology, options are available to people with lung cancer to help them live a longer life, thus giving suffers more time to spend with their loved ones. Lung Cancer is the most common cancer in the United States. Most cases are directly linked to tobacco use. Around 220,000 people are diagnosed with lung cancer every year (Lung Cancer, 2012). It starts in the lungs but can quickly spread to surrounding areas. Lung cancer occurs when the cells in the lung grow at an uncontrollable rate. It will form in the tissue of the lung, most often in the cells that line the air passages and damage the tissue that surrounds it and then interferes with normal functioning of the lung. It can then quickly spread to the lymph system. Lymph nodes are small organs that link lymph vessels and contain lymph which is a clear fluid that helps fight infection and travels through the body in vessels that are like veins. The cells can also quickly spread to other parts of the body through the blood. Even though the...
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...CAUSES OF LUNG CANCER Lung cancer is a disease in which a primary cancer (the original site where the cancer occurred) develops in the tissue of the lungs. Lung cancer was first described by doctors in the mid 1800's. At the turn of the century, it was still considered a rarity ;that has changed dramatically. What has not changed is the difficultly of detecting lung cancer in its earliest stages when it has the greatest chance of being successfully treated. "Lung cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer among both men and women, with 168,000 new cases in 1992 and 146,00 deaths" ;(Winawer 283). "If you fall into the following categories of people who have been heavy smokers, you have the greatest chance of being diagnosed with lung cancer: a male over 60 ;someone who has smoked one for more packs of cigarettes a day for 20 years or longer ;someone who began to smoke before the age of 20 and is still smoking: a worker in a industrial plant with a high risk material, such as asbestos, who also smoke. Someone who has persistent or violent smokers cough ;someone who does not smoke but is frequently exposed to unnecessary passive smoke" ;(Cooper 114-120). Numerous studies all over the world have shown a link between cigarette smoking and lung cancer, as well as other cancers, with an increase in cigarette smoking followed by an increase of lung cancer. Most of these studies involve the testing of non-smokers and smokers to see how things can affect them differently and...
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...Lung cancer and COPD Cyndi Morris COMP/155 September 12, 2013 Laura Prunsky Why would someone continue to smoke, knowing the risk involved? This is a question people ask every day. It is not only a risk for the smoker, but also for innocent people all around them. Did you know that second hand smoke is now a known cause in cancer? With widely publicized information on the health and environmental consequences of smoking, people still choose to smoke cigarettes. This leads to serious lifelong illnesses such as: lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Though lung cancer and COPD share common environmental risk factors, each disease has different symptoms and treatment options. Although the consequences of smoking is known, the death statistics of cancer patients is at best, jaw dropping. Cancer is a term used for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and are able to invade other tissues (1). There are five leading behavioral and dietary risk factors that cause about 30% of cancer deaths: high body mass index, low fruit and vegetable intake, lack of physical activity, tobacco use, and alcohol use. Tobacco use is the most important risk factor for cancer causing 22% of global cancer deaths and 71% of global lung cancer deaths (2). This year alone, lung cancer was responsible for 159,480 deaths and there are 228,190 new cases of lung cancer. (Who, 2013). Tobacco smoke, chewing tobacco, or in the presence of tobacco smoke are...
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...What is Lung Cancer? Lung cancer is cancer that usually starts in the lining of the bronchi (the main airways of the lungs), but can also begin in other areas of the respiratory system, including the trachea, bronchioles, or alveoli. It is the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women. Lung cancers are believed to develop over a period of many years. Nearly all lung cancers are carcinomas, a cancer that begins in the lining or covering tissues of an organ. The tumor cells of each type of lung cancer grow and spread differently, and each type requires different treatment. “About 85 percent to 90 percent of lung cancers belong to the group called non-small cell lung cancer” (University Hospitals, 2011). Lung cancers are generally divided into two types: Non-small cell lung cancer is much more common than small cell lung cancer; Small cell lung cancer, sometimes called oat cell cancer because the cancer cells may look like oats when viewed under a microscope, grows rapidly and quickly spreads to other organs. It is important to find out what kind of lung cancer a person has. The different types of carcinomas, involving different regions of the lung, may cause different symptoms and are treated differently. Lung cancer usually does not cause symptoms when it first develops, but they often become present after the tumor begins growing .Each individual may experience symptoms differently .A cough is the most common symptom of lung cancer. Other symptoms include: constant...
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...Meagan Perrotta February 15, 2014 Oral report In early August 3 years ago, my grandmother’s brother was diagnosed with lung cancer. In May, he had complaints of water in his chest cavity, so my family took him to see his general practitioner, who after an X-Ray referred him to the hospital for a lung check up. He first attended the hospital for a chest x-ray. This was followed up by blood tests, which he was hoping would be the end of the matter. The doctors then wanted to perform an open chest biopsy, which he declined but he eventually agreed to a Bronchoscopy during which the doctors failed to obtain tissue samples, and they said that they didn’t want to make a verdict based on that. He felt painful after this and felt that medicals like that are not for people of his age. At the end of July, he went back into hospital for a needle biopsy during which the doctors managed to obtain tissue samples and confirmed that he has lung cancer. So following more blood tests my grandmother’s brother has been put on a chemo with Altima for between four and six cycles, each number of cycles depended on how his body was coping with the side effects. He than received his first cycle that September and was feeling okay at first but than he there had been three days of feeling sick, struggling with appetite for two days and feeling lots of muscle pain on one of the days. The first blood test taken one...
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...Lung cancer is the second most spread cancer among women and men after skin cancer. Statics from American Cancer Society shows that 224.210 cases of lung cancer were observed in 2014 among them 116.000 cases in men and 108.210 in women. Lung cancer causes 159.260 deaths in 2014. Older people are in higher risk, 2 out of 3 people who have lung cancer are 65 years old or older than 65. The average age of people diagnosed with lung cancer is 70. Only 2 % of lung cancer cases were in people younger than 45. For man the possibility of lung cancer development is 1 in 13 and for women is 1 in 16. This statistic includes both smokers and non-smokers. The highest risk for lung cancer development has smokers - 80-90% compared to non-smokers - 10-15% who are passive smoker. Passive smokers are people who inhale of smoke from another smoker. Passive smoking causes 3.400 deaths from lung cancer in the United States. The other quite common reason of lung cancer development in the United States is radon gas radiation that generated from radioactive radium. Annually it is leads to 21.000 deaths. It is observed that approximately 1 out of 15 houses in the US have radon level higher than recommended. Air pollution with nitrogen dioxide, sulfate aerosols and other dangerous substances cause 1-2% of lung cancer cases. Genetic inheritance related to polymorphism in chromosomes 5, 6 and 15 provokes 8% of all lung cancer cases. ( American cancer society, 2014) . Lung cancer also called...
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...of tissue, called a growth or tumor. Tumors can be benign, which means not cancerous, or malignant, which means cancerous. Lung cancer occurs when a tumor forms in the tissue of the lung. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in men and women in the United States. Experts estimate that there will be 215,020 new cases of lung cancer in 2008-- 114,690 cases in men and 100,330 cases in women. 161,840 Americans are expected to die of the disease 90,810 men and 71,030 women. Lung cancer occurs most often between the ages of 55 and 65. There are two major types of lung cancer -- non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. Each type of lung cancer grows and spreads in different ways, and each is treated differently. Non-small cell lung cancer is more common than small cell lung cancer. Small cell lung cancer, sometimes called oat cell cancer, grows more quickly and is more likely to spread to other organs in the body. Lung cancer may spread to the lymph nodes or other tissues in the chest, including the lung opposite to where it originated. It may also spread to other organs of the body, such as the bones, brain, or liver. When cancer spreads from its original location in the lung to another part of the body such as the brain, it is called metastatic lung cancer, not brain cancer. Doctors sometimes call this distant disease. Lung cancer would occur much less often if people did not smoke. The good news is that smoking is not as popular as it used to be. In 1965...
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...Lung Cancer |General Purpose: |To inform | |Specific Purpose: |To inform readers on the causes, effects and treatments of lung cancer. | | | | INTRODUCTION SLIDES I. What is lung cancer? A. Definition of lung Cancer 1. Medical terminology definition – cancer of a highly malignant form that affects the lungs. 2. Team definition of lung Cancer – a group of abnormal cells that grows uncontrollably and starts off in one or both lungs (Transition: Let’s examine the causes and risk factors lung cancer.) BODY I. Causes of Lung Cancer A. Smoking 1. Smokers have a higher risk of smoking due to the cancer causing substances contained in the products they smoke. a. Carcinogens- substances that cause cells to divide faster than normal rates i. Arsenic ii. Cadmium iii. Nickel iv. Vinyl Chloride B. Second-hand Smoke (Environmental tobacco smoke) 1. Second hand smoke itself is labeled as a human carcinogen ...
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...Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths around the world, accounting for one-third of all deaths (Schiller, et al., 2002). Approximately seventy percent of those diagnosed with lung cancer present with advanced or metastatic cancer (Molina, Yang, Cassivi, Schild, & Adjei, 2008). Non-small-cell cancer alone accounts for approximately eighty-five percent of lung cancers throughout the world (Molina et al., 2008). There are many different forms of treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer, but there has not been a single specific treatment to completely eradicate lung cancer. A few forms of treatments for non-small-cell lung cancer that have been studied and applied over the past ten years are: chemotherapy (platinum-doublet...
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...Lung Cancer in America Chronic diseases, such as cancer, have been plaguing our species for centuries. Early documentation of cancer has been found dating back to 1600 B.C., but is believed to be from sources dating back to 2500 B.C. (Cancer as a Disease, 2014). In the United States, cancer is the second leading cause of death, behind heart disease. Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in both men and women in America. Advances in lung cancer screening and treatment have increased the survivability rate. Federal, state, and local public health offices continue to seek out new ways to combat this epidemic. Lung cancer occurs when cells in the lungs begin to grow out of control. There are two types of lung cancer classifications: non-small cell, which is the most common, and small cell. If left untreated, death is inevitable. In 2010, the American Cancer Society reported over 1.5 million new cases of cancer - of those new cases, 14.5% were for lung cancer (Cancer Trends Progress Report – 2011/2012 Update, 2012). In 2014, estimates show 224,210 new cases of lung cancer, a slight increase over the 2010 data. The prevalence of lung cancer has been consistently higher in men versus women, as well as higher in blacks and whites compared to other ethnic groups. Research has found lung cancer to be heavily linked to cigarette smoking, as well as exposure to other poisons, such as radon gas, asbestos, arsenic, and diesel exhaust (CDC, 2014). Unfortunately...
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...SUMMARY: The story is all about a guy who develops lung cancer because of smoking for almost years. This guy is consume for almost packs of packs of cigarette all the time, like when he is doing some chores in their house, after eating and even in his vacant time. Smoking becomes his hobby and it was also part of his daily activity. He also drinks alcohol with his friend, he’s lifestyle was very unhealthy and he’s not doing any physical activity aside of doing chores. So then after few years of continuous smoking of cigarette plus unhealthy lifestyle, the patient began to experience several symptoms and realize that something was wrong with him. He noticed that he’s having a barking cough always. One day while the patient is resting, he started to cough at the same time with difficulty in breathing. Then his relatives send him in the hospital, then the nurse immediately gives him oxygen. To ensure the condition of the patient, there are a lot of diagnostic exam done to the patient, as the result, the patient had lung cancer. He was hospitalized for few months but then the patient died because of complication. PATHOPYSIOLOGY: Inhalation of carcinogen Tracheobronchial airways Carcinogen binds to and damages the cell’s DNA Developing malignant cell DNA becomes unstable Pulmonary epithelium change Invasive carcinoma Lung cancer DIAGNOSTING EXAM: * MRI * Bronchoscopy * Chest X-ray * Magnetic Resonance * Imaging * Lymph node biopsy ...
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...Smoking and Lung Cancer Most people are aware of the fact that smoking causes lung cancer but people hardly know how or why the cancer develops. What does tobacco contains that gives the smoker the deadly disease of lung cancer? How many packs a day and for how long does a person have to smoke in order for him or her to develop this cancer? Are there any other conditions that are caused by smoking besides lung cancer? According to Jonathan Foulds in the article “Smoking and Lung Cancer,” the smoke contains dangerous chemicals such as benzopyrene and methylnitrosamino which are deposited into the lungs. Further, the chemicals cause DNA damage, oxidative stress and inflammation which end into malignant tumor growth (Foulds). Lung cancer destroys the respiratory tract from the mouth to the alveoli; in addition, major organs of the body are affected. Symptoms of lung cancer are coughing with blood in sputum, fever, and chest pain (Foulds). There are three main methods by which lung cancer may be diagnosed. According to Mark H. Beers of The Merck Manual of Medical Information, an x-ray of the chest, CAT scan, or biopsy may be done to diagnose lung cancer. Lung cancer is usually detected at a late stage, which does not give an individual many options for treatment. The treatment options include quitting smoking, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, oxygen therapy, and surgery (Beers). The purpose of this paper is to examine smoking and lung cancer by summarizing two articles on the topic...
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...Occupational lung cancer and smoking: a review in the light of current theories of carcinogenesis ALAN C. CHOVIL, MA, MB, B CHIR MPH, DAB PREy MED This paper considers modern theories of carcinogenesis as they apply to the induction of lung cancer by tobacco smoking and occupational exposure to carcinogens. Some of the known and postulated factors affecting carcinogenesis are discussed, with particular reference to syncarcinogenesis and thresholds. Factors affecting the intensity of smoking exposure are reviewed, and the generally accepted occupational lung carcinogens are listed. Relative risks for the various carcinogens according to smoking status (where known) are presented. The carcinogens are considered individually, and known or postulated interactions with smoking are discussed. It is concluded that the effects of lung carcinogens can be explained on the basis of current theories that support a rational definition of priorities for the prevention of occupational lung cancer. Cette etude s'interesse aux th6ories modernes de Ia carcinogenese telles qu'elles s'appliquent a l'induction du cancer du poumon par le tabac et par les risques du metier relie aux carcinogenes. Ouelques facteurs connus ou postules relatifs a Ia carcinogenese sont discutes, avec un interAt particulier pour Ia syncarcinogenese et les seuils de tol6rance. Les facteurs qui influencent l'intensite de l'exposition au tabac sont revus et on fait l'inventaire des carcinogenes pulmonaires relies au metier...
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