...Literature and Methodology I. Introduction Magnetic levitation has fascinated us since it was first introduced in Sci-Fi novels and movies. Moving across distances at high speeds while vertically suspended sounds impossible. But technology has advance to a point in which it is not as farfetched as it seems. Its physics is not impossible and is quite sophisticated. A. Research Question Will Magnetically Levitating vehicles be more efficient in saving energy for transportation services? B. Hypothesis If Magnetic Levitation reduce energy as it moves over a distance in time. Then it is more efficient in energy saving for transportation. C. Objectives of the study The objective is to engineer prototypes of MagLev trains with different systems and comparing it to a control model to determine its convenience and efficiency in saving energy. D. Significance DLSU-STC has proposed a future model of its campus that requires transportation around its vast area. Energy saving transportation would be an asset to the campus' innovative purpose. E. Limitations The use of scale models Life span of models Availability of materials 3. Review of Related Literature A. Introduction With the dramatic increase in population, transportation services using non-renewable energy cannot afford mass transit. New-Generation transportation systems are developing to meet the demand for innovative means of transportation. Magnetic Levitation (MagLev) is a method when an object is...
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...A Paper Presentation On “Magnetic Levitation Trains” For [pic] ABSTRACT Imagine a train that doesn't touch its track and think of the potential for lower guide way maintenance costs as a result. Imagine a train that speeds along much faster than anything on the highway with a ride as smooth as silk. Imagine that train being capable of speeds higher than any other ground-based transportation system. Maglev can provide this speed and compete directly with airline travel. As stated by American Maglev, "Maglev means magnetically levitated and propelled vehicles. The advantage of maglev is that it can achieve very high speed and acceleration/deceleration performance because the vehicles essentially "fly" at very low altitudes - unlike trains or cars; there is no surface contact or "friction" to slow them down. More speed = more passengers." Only when we have real revenue-producing systems in operation will be able to prove whether this is true or not. In Maglev—which is short for MAGNETIC LEVITATION—high speed vehicles are lifted by magnetic repulsion, and propelled along an elevated guide way by powerful magnets attached to the vehicle. The vehicles do not physically contact the guide way, do not need engines, and do not burn fuel. Instead, they are magnetically propelled by electric power fed to coils located on the guide way. Indeed this is the beginning...
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...maglev vehicle concept. This prototype demonstrates many of the key advantages of the technology which uses permanent magnets for levitation and does not require any moving parts in a track bifurcation. Key design features and performance characteristics of the prototype are described: the control system for stable levitation, the linear synchronous motor for propulsion and the method of track switching. Alternative system configurations and other applications of the technology are also briefly discussed. 1 INTRODUCTION The repelling forces resulting from bringing like poles of two magnets together is a commonly experienced phenomenon. The use of this repelling force to levitate a vehicle was considered early in the exploration of maglev vehicle technologies (Pollgreen 1964, Olsen 1965), but was largely discarded due to poor performance of the magnetic materials available at the time. As SmCo materials became available, the approach was revisited but again set aside by most due to the material’s high cost (Sinha 1987). In the 1980’s and 90’s NdFeB materials began to be developed as a low cost alternative and have steadily improved over time. Today, NdFeB magnetic materials offer a very economical option with more than adequate performance for use in maglev vehicles and their tracks. LaunchPoint Technologies, in collaboration with Applied Levitation and Fastransit Inc., has been developing a permanent magnet maglev vehicle concept which substantially reduces the amount of magnet...
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...Study of working of magnetic levitation trains. By Shubham Sharma Guided by Sagar Shinde Department Of Mechanical Engineering Pad. Dr. Dy Patil Institute Of Engineering, Management And Research Pad. Dr. Dy Patil Institute Of Engineering, Management And Research CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Mr. Shubham Sharma has successfully completed the seminar work entitled “study of working of magnetic levitation trains” under my supervision, in partial fulfillment of bachelor of engineering – mechanical engineering, by university of pune. Date: Place: Guide: Mr. Sagar Shinde Mrs. Amruta Adwant Guide Head, MechanicalEngineering, DYPIEMR Principal, SEAL DYPIEMR AKNOWLEDGEMENT With immense pleasure I am presenting this seminar report on “Study of working of magnetic levitation trains” as a part of...
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...California HighSpeedRail Series High Speed Rail in Japan: A Review and Evaluation of Magnetic Levitation Trains MamomTaniguchi Working Paper UCTCNo. I02 The University of California Transportation Center Umversity California of Berkeley, CA 94720 The University Transportation of California Center The University of California Transportation Center (UCTC) is one of ten regional units mandated by Congress and established in Fall 1988 to support research, education, and training in surface transportation. The UCCenter serves federal Region IX and is supported by matching grants from the U.$. Departmerit of Transportation, the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), and the University. Based on the Berkeley Campus, UCTCdraws upon existing capabilities and resources of the Institutes of Transportation Studies at Berkeley, Davis, Irvine, and Los Angeles; the Institute of Urban and Regional Development at Berkeley; and several academic departments at the Berkeley, Davis, Irvhae, and Los Angeles campuses. Faculty and students on other University of California campuses may participate in Center activities. Researchers at other universities within the region also have opportunities to collaborate with UCfaculty on selected studies. UCTC’seducational and research programs are focused on strategic planning for improving metropolitan accessibility, with emphasis on the special conditions in Region IX. Particular attention is directed to strategies for using transportation...
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...MAGNETIC LEVITATION VEHICLES Submitted to Ray Russell, Course Instructor Electrical and Computer Engineering Seminar EE 155 Prepared by Thomas Penick, Student November 11, 1998 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................iii INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................1 BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................................1 THE GERMAN SYSTEM ..........................................................................................................1 THE JAPANESE SYSTEMS......................................................................................................2 HSST Development Corp. .................................................................................................................................. 2 Yamanashi Maglev............................................................................................................................................. 3 U. S. INITIATIVES....................................................................................................................5 The “Inductrac” System...................................................................................................................................... 5 Maglev 2000...
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...fabled hover board. From just regular people in their garage, to engineers at some of the largest companies in the world. Dustin Rubio, who as a teenager had seen the movie, created a hover craft that his daughters use to play in their driveway. It consisted of a leaf blower, some plywood, plastics, and duct tape. While, this didn’t really constitute the idea of what a hover board was, it was amazing for an everyday electrician to create it in his garage with items that almost every homeowner has laying around their garage. The writer of the “Back to the Future” trilogy, Bob Gale, stated that he imagines “the hover board floats on a magnetic field similar to magnetic levitation trains.” (Dougherty, 2014) But in reality, this is a difficult notion due to something called “Earnshaw’s Theorem,” which states, a collection of electric charges or magnetic dipoles cannot be maintained in a stable stationary equilibrium condition by the application of static fields alone. Simply meaning, that opposing magnets are tough to balance. In March 2014, comedy website “Funny Or Die” created a fake promotional video of a hover board, created by a company called “HUVr.” The video begins with actor Christopher Lloyd, who plays the character of “Doc Brown” the man who creates the time travelling DeLorean in the “Back to the Future” trilogy, talking about the history of the hover...
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... 2.1 Linear Induction Motor 2 2.2 Double layer Winding 2.3 Electro-magnetic Bearings 6 3 Work Progress 9 4 Results References 1.0 INTRODUCTION The main idea behind this project is to understand the designing and operation of a Linear Levitating Machine and be able to create a successful prototype using the knowledge that we have acquired. Through this project we want to design and develop a machine which is capable of moving with the help of electromagnetic forces produced by the poles made by the stator windings and is lifted up due to the force generated by electromagnetic bearings. A single sided LIM (linear induction motor), with a short primary on the moving structure and a secondary of aluminium with back iron is being used in our project. An Electromagnetic Bearing is a bearing which is used to support a load without any physical contact. Since they are non-contact bearings, the friction losses are eliminated. Furthermore it avoids wear and tear which is normally associated with ball bearings. The operating speed is also improved. Since it is an active system, the bearings can control the levitation of the machine dynamically while it is in operation. 2.0 LITERATURE SURVEY 2.1 Linear Induction Motor – Linear Induction Motor is similar to a rotary poly phase induction motor where the air gap magnetic field in a poly phase LIM is a traveling magnetic field. The air gap field of an LIM, unlike that of a poly phase rotary induction...
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...Levitating Match I. Introduction The same effect can be seen in many domestic thermostats. It can be amplified by attaching two strips of material together with different rates of expansion (a bimetallic strip). As the temperature rises, the greater expansion on one side of the strips causes it to curve further and further. This can be incorporated into a switch that will connect and cut off a heating apparatus when a particular temperature has been reached. II. Objective/s • The performer should align the matches symmetrically. • One match should levitate when lighted. • The audience should see the levitation. III. Materials and Procedures Materials: Matchbox (empty) 3 matches Procedure: 1. Lay the empty matchbox flat on the table, slightly open, with the empty section facing upwards. 2. Insert two matches into the empty matchbox so that the heads point out from the matchbox. Close the matchbox as much as possible so that the two matches are securely held. 3, Angle the two matches so that the heads are touching. 4. Rest a third match so that the head meets the other two, and the tail is resting on the table, pointing away from the empty matchbox. The three matches should now form a triangular pyramid shape with the three heads at the top point of the pyramid. 5. Use a fourth match to light the others from underneath. 6. Watch as the third match levitate. IV. Magic behind / Physics Principle When the three match heads ignite they...
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...scientists and engineers found well-being super conducting electro-magnets that will make maglev trains even more efficient. In this slideshow, I used a train model to demonstrate some of the science behind a well-being super conducting technology. This model doesn’t show exactly how a real super conducting maglev train would work. The real train would use super conducting electro-magnets. Not the form of super conducting material we show. But, this model does those principles such as magnetic levitation, magnetic flux trapping, the Meissonier effect, plus it’s a lot of fun. This pock is made of Yttrium Barium Copper oxide (YBa2Cu3O7-x). It’s a type of super conductor. Super Conductors are very special materials with special properties under certain conditions. But, right now when we place the pock on the magnetic track, nothing special happens. It just sets there. The magnetic field of the magnetic track which is made of very strong neptunium iron boride magnets penetrates through the pock just as the magnetic field penetrates through anything else. To bring out this magnet’s magical properties we need to cool it down quite a bit. In fact, it won’t become super conducting until it reaches -1810C as pretty chilly. That’s called a super conductor’s critical temperature or its transition temperature. That’s the temperature at which the material goes from a normal conductor to a super conducting material. To lower its temperature we pour something extremely cold on it, Liquid Nitrogen. As...
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... Now a new transportation mode has occurred that can clearly compete with planes in both speed and safety. They are called MAGLEV trains. The full form and the basic working principle of MAGLEV are called magnetic levitation. Many believe this mode of transportation holds great promise and offers considerable advantages. These trains use far less energy than other types of transportation and do not pollute. They can run at an average speed of 250mph that can climb much higher. The beauty of MAGLEV’S is that they travel on air. The consequent elimination of friction means much greater efficiency. Hence this gives an advantage over a regular train because there is no friction between wheels and the track. 2. WORKING PRINCIPLE The principle of magnetic levitation is that a vehicle can be suspended and propelled on a guidance track made with magnets. The vehicle on top of the track may be propelled with the help of a linear induction motor. Although the vehicle does not use steel rail they are still referred to as trains by definition they are along chain of vehicles which travel in the same direction. This is the definition of magnetic levitation (MAGLEV) train. As the frictional parts are minimum in this type of technology, the MAGLEV trains are known to have more speed, smoothness and less sound. The...
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...specifically, we will make a car that can be instructed to move forward or backward on a short magnetic linear track by means of magnetic levitation. BACKGROUND: Magnetic levitation (maglev) is an innovative transportation technology. It is sometimes said to be the first fundamental innovation in the field of railroad technology since the invention of the railway. A high speed maglev train uses non-contact magnetic levitation, guidance and propulsion systems and has no wheels, axles and transmission. The replacement of mechanical components by wear-free electronics overcomes the technical restrictions of wheel-on-rail technology. Compared with traditional railways, maglev systems have features that could constitute an attractive transportation alternative: 1. High Speed 2. High Safety 3. Less Pollution 4. Low Energy Consumption PROJECT MOTIVATION: Magnetism has fascinated humans for centuries. So we were looking for a project based on the concept of magnetism. The idea for this project came after discussing with the coordinators and reading a Scientific American Article that described proposed maglev systems around the world and their potential for future travel. THEORY OF OPERATION: Maglev is defined as a “family of technologies in which a vehicle is suspended, guided, and propelled by means of magnetic forces”. It consists of two parts: 1. Propulsion System 2. Levitation System The propulsion system used is known as a linear motor. Unlike a conventional motor, a...
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...brook ambaw project 1: The use of electricity and magnetism in transportation Electricity is without out a doubt one of the greatest discoveries of human kind. We as human beings are forever in debt to Benjamin Franklin who discovered electricity. It is nearly impossible to imagine civilization without electricity. As anything in life, even if we literally use electricity for every aspect of our lives, it is easy to sometimes forget how much we are really depend on it for our survival in life. Electricity has been revolutionizing our our way of living since its inception. Now, when it comes to transportation by using electricity and magnetism, which is the focus of my essay, there is an exponential room to grow. In the near future, electricity and magnetism is going to revolutionize our transportation system radically. The most important issues facing our world in the future in regard to transportation is reducing the amount of emission caused by an ever increasing usage of transportation and our dependence on it. Not only emission is going to be the focal point of problems caused by transportation but also reducing the number of vehicles driven by people will be at the heart of our future struggles too. As historians and energy scientists noted dully, as societies advance more and more, they are going to use more concentrated forms of energy, for example, instead of gasoline they are going to use rocket fuel. In regard to transportation, cars are leading the way when...
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...How works a Maglev train? A brief review of magnets will help explain how maglev (magnetic levitation) trains work. Every magnet has a north pole and a south pole. Similar poles of two magnets repel each other; opposite poles attract each other. These principles govern the levitation of maglev trains. Permanent magnets are always magnetic. Electromagnets are magnetic only when an electric current flows through them. The north and south poles of an electromagnet are related to the direction of the current. If the direction of the current is reversed, the poles are reversed. In maglevs that levitate by magnetic repulsion, the train lies over the guideway. Magnets on top of the guideway are oriented to repel similar poles of magnets in the bottom of the maglev. This pushes the train upward into a hovering position. This system is designed for maglevs that contain groups of extremely powerful superconducting electromagnets. These magnets use less electricity than conventional electromagnets, but they must be cooled to very low temperatures—from −269 degrees Celsius to −196 degrees Celsius. In maglevs that levitate by magnetic attraction, the bottom of the train wraps around the guideway. Levitation magnets on the underside of the guideway are positioned to attract the opposite poles of magnets on the wraparound section of the maglev. This raises the train off the track. The magnets in the guideway attract the wraparound section only strongly enough to raise the train a few centimeters...
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...Maglev has been a long standing dream of railway engineers for the past century. These engineers envisioned a train that could float above its tracks. They saw the enormous potential for a train like this. The research on magnetic train which called maglev train was started in the beginning of the 1990 century. This concept lay dormant for about60 years. Then Japanese started their research on maglev train in the beginning of 1970 & constructed their first test line in 1997. German also started their research on maglev train in early 1970. It took them ten years to complete their first test line. The train works on the principle of electromagnetic effect. In this there is no friction between the train and track. The electromagnet on the underside of train pulls it up to the ferromagnetic stator on the track & levitates the train. The magnet on the side keeps the train from side to side. A computer changes the amount of current to keep the train 1 cm from the track. This means there is no friction between track & train. As it is high speed train compare to other types of train also noise level due to this train very less & energy consume is less, it is very convenient & beneficial to use. CHAPTER 1:-INTRODUCTION 1.1 History:- Magnetic levitation is the latest in transportation technology and has been the interest of many countries around the world. The idea has been around since 1904 when Robert Goddard, an American Rocket scientist, created a theory that trains...
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