...African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 2(7), pp. 287-295, July, 2007 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJAR ISSN 1991- 637X © 2007 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Locally produced fish feed: potentials for aquaculture development in subsaharan Africa U.U. Gabriel1, O. A Akinrotimi2, D. O. Bekibele2, D. N Onunkwo2 and P. E. Anyanwu3 Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Environment, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. 2 African Regional Aquaculture Centre/Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, P.M.B 5122, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria. 3 Aquaculture Division, Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, P.M.B. 12729, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria. Accepted 30 May, 2007 1 Aquaculture development and growth in Africa have been on low ebb despite the vast aquatic resources that abounds on the continent. Since the introduction of aquaculture to Africa, some decades ago, there have been a lot of innovations, technological advancement and progress in the areas of genetics, seed propagation, pond construction and farm management in general. Despite breakthroughs recorded in these areas most farmers in Africa still rely heavily on imported feed ingredients and fish feeds from European countries, which makes fish farming expensive as fish feed account for at least 60% of the total cost of production. This has contributed in no small measure to the slow pace at which...
Words: 5338 - Pages: 22
...VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS COUNTRY REPORT - MALAWI November 2009 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Chemonics International Inc. The author‘s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ACE AGRA AISP ADMARC CISANET CPL CHDI COMESA COMPETE EAC FEWSNET FNSJTF GAC GMAC GOM GTPA ICRISAT MACE MBS MoAFS MoIT MRA NASFAM NEPAD NFRA NPQS NSO SMIP SPS SABI SADC SFRFFM USAID VCA WFP WRS Agriculture Commodity Exchange for Africa Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa Agriculture Input Subsidy Program Agriculture Development and Marketing Board Civil Society for Agriculture Network Chibuku Products Ltd. Clinton Hunger Development Initiative Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa Competitiveness and Trade Expansion Programme East African Community Famine Early Warning System Network Food Nutrition and Security Joint Task Force Group Action Committee Grain Marketing Advisory Council Government of Malawi Grain Traders and Processors Association International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Malawi Agricultural Commodity Exchange Malawi Bureau of Standards Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security Ministry of Industry and Trade Malawi Revenue Authority National Smallholder Farmers Association of Malawi New Partnership for Africa‘s Development...
Words: 50613 - Pages: 203
...East Africa’s agro-industrial sector Driving regional growth Dr Edward George Head of Soft Commodities Research, Ecobank Windsor Country Club, Nairobi, Thursday May 22nd 2014 Section 1 East Africa’s agricultural balance East Africa is a food production hub Roots & tubers, cereals and fruit & vegetables dominate output Primary crop production, million tonnes, 2012 Share of primary crop production, 2012 40,000 Ethiopia 10% 30,000 28% Tanzania Uganda 20,000 4% 15% Kenya Rwanda 10,000 20% 23% Burundi 0 Roots & tubers Cereals Fruit & vegetables Pulses • Ethiopia & Tanzania produce around half of the region’s primary food crops. • Cassava, potatoes & maize are the region’s staple foods, which are traded widely. • A high proportion of fruit & vegetables are exported to sub-regional & international markets. Sources: FAO, Ecobank Research. © Ecobank 2014 | East Africa’s agro-industrial sector | 22 May 2014 3 East Africa dominates coffee production Guinea Ethiopia Côte d'Ivoire Cameroon Uganda Rwanda Kenya DRC Burundi Tanzania Coffee production, 2012/13 (each bar = 2 million 60-kg bags) Madagascar Sources: Intracen, Ecobank Research. Arabica Robusta © Ecobank 2014 | East Africa’s agro-industrial sector | 22 May 2014 4 Ethiopia & Algeria dominate coffee consumption African coffee consumption, 000s 60-kg bags, 2012/13 % share of African total, 2012/13 ...
Words: 2599 - Pages: 11
...Table of Contents 1.0. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 2.0. INTRODUCTION 6 3.0. TEA PRODUCTION IN BANGLADESH 9 3.0.1. BASIC FACTS OF BANGLADESH TEA INDUSTRY 12 3.0.2. CHARACTERISTICS OF BANGLADESH TEA 12 3.0.5. GRADES OF TEA 13 4.0. EXPORT OF TEA 17 5.0. MAJOR TEA IMPORTING COUNTRIES FROM BANGLADESH 28 6.0. PROSPECTS OF BANGLADESHI TEA IN THE INTERNATIONAL MARKET 28 7.0. MAJOR COMPETITORS IN TEA MARKET 31 7.0.1. INDIA: THE LARGEST TEA CONSUMER 34 7.0.2. STILL HEAVILY PROMOTED TO DEFEND FROM ALTERNATIVES 34 7.0.3. UNILEVER: THE CLEAR MARKET LEADER 35 7.0.4. TATA TEA: AMBITIONS IN INTERNATIONAL MARKETS 35 7.0.5. CHA BARS: PREMIUM TEA AS A LIFESTYLE CHOICE 36 8.0. PROBLEMS RELATING TO TEA EXPORT AND TEA MARKET EXPANSION 36 9.0. SUGGESTIONS 39 10.0. CONCLUSION 40 11.0. BIBLIOGRAPHY 42 1.0. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Today, tea is the second most consumable beverage in the world after water. A total of 3,200,000 tons of tea were produced worldwide in 2004. India, China, Sri Lanka and Kenya, in that order, are the major producers of tea leaves. The USSR, Poland, Egypt and Pakistan emerged as major markets for Bangladeshi Tea. These ‘captive’ markets ensured protection to the industry and whatever, irrespective of quality, found its way to these markets. The price received for Bangladeshi tea was higher than its actual value in the open international market. Hence we lost our position as a supplier to those markets e.g. the U.K. who found alternative sources of similar...
Words: 12839 - Pages: 52
...Review of Warehouse Receipt System and Inventory Credit Initiatives in Eastern & Southern Africa Final report commissioned by UNCTAD under the All ACP Agricultural Commodities Programme (AAACP) *The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations September 2009 CONTENTS CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................................. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .....................................................................................................................iii GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................. iv GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................. iv SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 Observations on the different approaches ......................................................................... 1 Policy conclusions and recommendations ........................................................................ 3 Specific proposals .....................................................................
Words: 56151 - Pages: 225
...Sector overview Tea Michael Groosman Oct 2011 Table of Content Acronyms and Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 Supply Chain .................................................................................................................................................... 1 Producers ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 Processors ........................................................................................................................................................... 3 Trade Phase ......................................................................................................................................................... 3 Blenders .............................................................................................................................................................. 4 Retail ................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Market Overview .........................................................................
Words: 6891 - Pages: 28
...The Employee Buy out: Case of Tata Tea Dr Deepika M G, Faculty, Icfai Business School, Bangalore, India ABSTRACT The article discusses about the Employee Buy Out business model adopted by Tatas on their exit from plantation business in their southern plantation operations in Munnar district of Kerala in India. Tata Tea had sold off 17 tea estates in southern India to the company formed by its employees named Kanan Devan Hills Plantation Company Pvt. Ltd.(KDHPCL). In sharp contrast to the situation in the tea industry experiencing closures affecting thousands of employees, KDHPCL with 13,000 employees could not only recover within a year the loss of $ 24 million run up by Tata Tea, but could also register a post tax surplus of $ 50,000 as on March 31st 2006. However, when Tata Tea went onto implement a similar model in the North Indian Plantation Operations, it met with considerable resistance. The article discusses about the crisis that was facing the tea industry in India, the role played by Tatas in the formation of the KDHPCL and the challenges faced by the employees of South Indian Plantation Operations in accomplishing this unique business model. It also critically reviews the factors that are essential for the success of Employee Buy Out, by enumerating the factors that led to the success of EBO in southern operation of Tatas and its failure in their northern operations. INTRODUCTION In February 2007, Tata Tea, an INR 3500 crore beverages company, decided to divest...
Words: 7354 - Pages: 30
...FAO COMMODITY AND TRADE POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER No.22 Threshold cointegration in the sugarethanol-oil price system in Brazil: evidence from nonlinear vector error correction models George Rapsomanikis and David Hallam1 Commodities and Trade Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations September 2006 1 The authors are Economist and Chief in the Trade Policy Service, Commodities and Trade Division. FAO Commodity and Trade Policy Research Working Papers are published by the Commodities and Trade Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). They are working documents and do not reflect the opinion of FAO or its member governments. Also available at http://www.fao.org/es/ESC/ Additional copies of this working paper can be obtained from Olwen.Gotts@fao.org The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction...
Words: 7956 - Pages: 32
...MUN Research IRELAND population: 4.6 million government: republic currency: euro THE CONSTITUTION: -enacted in 1937. it is the fundamental legal document that states how Ireland should be governed through a series of 50 articles. -Irish title of the constitution is Bunreacht na hEireann. The name of the state is Eire. Ireland in the english language. -sovereign, independent, democratic state. the people have the power to decide the ruler of the state. anyone who was a citizen of Ireland before the constitution came into practice, automatically becomes the citizen of ireland when the constitution comes into practice. No person can be denied the citizenship of ireland based on their sex. -citizenship by birth granted only if the person has one irish parent or one parent entitled to become an irish citizen. GEOGRAPHY: -natural resources: natural gas, peat, copper, lead, zinc, silver, barite, gypsum, limestone, dolomite. -agricultural land under use: 66.1 -environment agreement: Air--Pollution persistent Organic Pollutants, Marine Life Conservation PEOPLE: -Age composition: 0-14: 21.5% (male 537,239/ female 514,369) 15-54: 55.66% (male 1,371,350/ female 1,351,903) 65 and above: 12.61% (male 284,399/ female 249,453) -population growth rate: 1.25% (2015) country comparison to the world is 94 -birth rate: 14.84 births/ 1000 population (2015) country comparison 132 -death rate: 6.48 deaths/1000 population (2015) country comparison 150 - urban population- 63.2%...
Words: 1598 - Pages: 7
...HOW COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN TFD FOR GENDER BASED VIOLENCE CHALLENGES PATRIARCHY BY Agnes Nthenda UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI FACULTY OF HUMANITIES FINE AND PERFORMING ARTS DEPARTMENT- DRAMA SECTION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FUFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR A BACHELOR OF ARTS DEGREE IN HUMANITIES. 26 AUGUST 2013 ABSTRACT This dissertation explores the use of community participation in TfD for Gender based violence in challenging patriarchy. It discusses the idea of TfD and community participation in relation to patriarchy and gender. It also discusses the idea of community participation in relation to TfD, Patriarchy and participation in gender related projects. The analysis in this dissertation focuses on GEWE project which was carried out by CRECCOM as a form of TfD for gender based violence. I look at field work in research, i conduct the performance analysis of the TfD for gender based violence performance and i conduct the analysis for the whole case study, i provide evidence for gender based violence and patriarchal rule in the community and i analyse the involvement of both men and women in the performance and how this helps in challenging...
Words: 13930 - Pages: 56
...“Analysis of charcoal value chains general considerations” Steve Sepp – Eco Consulting Group - Germany On behalf of 1 Table of Content Introduction............................................................................................................................................. 2 Importance of promoting the charcoal value chain ................................................................................ 3 Common issues characterizing the charcoal value chain ........................................................................ 3 Analyzing the charcoal value chain ......................................................................................................... 4 Building a roadmap for charcoal value chain upgrading ......................................................................... 7 Conclusions............................................................................................................................................ 10 References ............................................................................................................................................. 11 Introduction Charcoal is a prime source of energy in most African country, as well as a driving force of their economies with estimated annual growth rates of around 3.7 percent [1]. Surprisingly enough, policy makers pay little attention to the ways in which charcoal is produced and sold – e.g. the question as to whether wood used for charcoal burning is harvested...
Words: 4031 - Pages: 17
...,This report has been prepared as input to the 2012 World Water Week and its Special Focus on Water and Food Security. Feeding a Thirsty World Challenges and Opportunities for a Water and Food Secure Future RepORT 31 Copyright © 2012, Stockholm International Water Institute, SIWI ISBN: 978-91-978846-5-5 ISSN: 1404-2134 How to Cite: Jägerskog, A., Jønch Clausen, T. (eds.) 2012. Feeding a Thirsty World – Challenges and Opportunities for a Water and Food Secure Future. Report Nr. 31. SIWI, Stockholm. Cover photo: iStockphoto Design by Britt-Louise Andersson and Elin Ingblom, SIWI Printing by Elanders, Mölnlycke, Sweden. The printing process has been certified according to the Nordic Swan label for environmental quality. For electronic versions of this and other SIWI publications, visit www.siwi.org. Feeding a Thirsty World Challenges and Opportunities for a Water and Food Secure Future Note to the Reader Today, in 2012, nearly one billion people still suffer from hunger and malnourishment, in spite of the fact that food production has been steadily increasing on a per capita basis for decades. Producing food to feed everyone well, including the 2 billion additional people expected to populate the planet by mid-century, will place greater pressure on available water and land resources. This report provides input into the discussions at the 2012 World Water Week in Stockholm, which is held under the theme of Water and Food Security, and was edited by Anders Jägerskog...
Words: 19153 - Pages: 77
...Who’s Eating All the Fish? The Food Security Rationale for Culling Cetaceans A Report to Humane Society International By Wilf Swartz and Daniel Pauly Presented at IWC 60 June 23, 2008 Santiago, Chile Table of Contents Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction................................................................................................................................... 2 A re-packaging of the whaling debate ........................................................................................ 2 Fish and food security................................................................................................................. 3 Fish (and food security) in crisis................................................................................................. 4 Marine Mammals: Threat to Food Security? ............................................................................ 7 The ‘whales-eat-our-fish’ argument ........................................................................................... 7 Flaws of the argument................................................................................................................. 7 Political success of the ‘whales-eat-our-fish’ lobby ................................................................. 10 Globalization of Fisheries: A Real Threat to Regional Food Security..............
Words: 14391 - Pages: 58
...Agriculture, growth and poverty reduction This paper was produced by the Agriculture and Natural Resources Team of the UK Department for International Development (DFID) in collaboration with Anne Thomson of Oxford Policy Management, Oxford. The authors are grateful to the UK Food Group for their additional contributions and comments. The paper reflects work in progress towards the development of new thinking on agricultural policy in DFID. It does not necessarily reflect the views and policy of DFID. This (working/supporting) paper is intended to stimulate public discussion. It is not necessarily DFID or UK Government policy. October 2004 Contents Executive Summary...................................................................................................... 3 1. What is the issue? .................................................................................................... 4 2. Agriculture, growth and poverty – what we know of the relationship ............................ 5 2.1 The context – the state of world poverty............................................................... 5 2.2 Agriculture’s recent performance – a picture of mixed progress............................... 7 2.3 Agricultural growth and poverty reduction – the evidence....................................... 9 2.4 Understanding how increased agricultural productivity reduces poverty ................. 10 3. Emerging issues and questions................................................
Words: 10970 - Pages: 44
...communication for development Research and Extension Division Natural Resources Management and Environment Department FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2007 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. ISBN 978-92-5-105883-1 All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed to: Chief Electronic Publishing Policy and Support Branch Communication Division FAO Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy or by e-mail to: copyright@fao.org © FAO 2007 iii Contents...
Words: 66301 - Pages: 266