...Battery Battery is a criminal offense involving unlawful physical contact, distinct from assault which is the apprehension, not fear, of such contact. Assault In common law, assault is an act which causes a person to apprehend immediate unlawful person violence. An assault is carried out by a threat of bodily harm coupled with an apparent, present ability to cause the harm. It is both a crime and a tort and, therefore, may result in either criminal and/or civil liability False imprisonment False imprisonment is a restraint of a person in a bounded area without justification or consent. False imprisonment is a common-law felony and a tort. It applies to private as well as governmental detention. When it comes to public police, the proving of false imprisonment is sufficient to obtain a writ of habeas corpus. Libel/Slander Under common law, to constitute defamation, a claim must generally be false and have been made to someone other than the person defamed. Some common law jurisdictions also distinguish between spoken defamation, called slander, and defamation in other media such as printed words or images, called libel. Conversion A conversion is a voluntary act by one person inconsistent with the ownership rights of another. Trespass Trespass is an area of tort law broadly divided into three groups: trespass to the person, trespass to chattels and trespass to land. Private Nuisance An activity or thing that interferes with the use of property by an individual...
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...Information Systems Security By: Jessica Burnheimer, Kathleen Cline, Brian Weiss Outline for Group paper I. Introduction II. Issues concerning Information Systems Security A. Define IS security B. Why IS security is necessary? C. History and Back round of IS security D. Current issues concerning IS security 1.) Spamming 2.) Hacking 3.) Jamming 4.) Malicious software 5.) Sniffing 6.) Spoofing 7.) Identity Theft III. Solutions to contemporary IS security issues A. Solutions for “Spamming” B. Solutions for “Hacking” C. Solutions for “Jamming” D. Solutions for “Malicious Software” E. Solutions for “Sniffing” F. Solutions for “Spoofing” G. Solutions for “Identity Theft” IV. The Future of Information Systems Security A. New technologies and techniques effecting the future of Information Systems Security B. Tips and information regarding maintaining a Secure Information System C. How security issues will continue to shape Information Systems Management V. Conclusion Abstract The purpose of this paper is to discuss the pressing issues pertaining to Information Systems security. We will be covering the history of Information Systems Security, the current security issues, and why it is important to be knowledgeable in Information Systems security. Also, we will cover some solutions to the issues that...
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...questions that will be addressed for each example scenario are as follows: What type(s) of data threat and/or cybercrime(s) that played a key role in the data exposure? Who or what the exposure affected? (Such as individuals, corporations, and more.) What are the possible consequences of the data exposures? Example Scenarios: 1. An E-mail scam asks employees to verify their account settings. When employees respond, they provide their computer user name and password. Data Threat and/or Cybercrime that played a key role in the data exposure: * Phishing, Social engineering, Spyware/Adware, Uniform resource locator (URL) injectors and browser redirectors, and Viruses. Who or what the exposure affected: * Organizations that process and store sensitive data, such as government agencies, corporations, e-commerce Web sites, infrastructure organizations, like oil and gas producers and transporters, medical providers, and power plants * Anyone who is gullible, greedy, desperate, uninformed, or inexperienced. * The employees and the corporation they work for. Possible consequences: * With the employees giving out their computer user name and passwords to an unknown entity, that entity could use that information to commit the following cybercrimes: Hacking, Identity Theft, Intellectual property theft, Software piracy, Spamming, and Transmission of malware. 2. Someone attacks a university computer. He gains access to the records of over 30,000 students and...
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...1. What are the six focuses of information security today? The six main focuses of information security today are data, networks, procedures, people, hardware, and software. This is what anyone in the field of information security needs to know to be able to adequately protect the system and its information. 2. What are the differences between “viruses”, “worms”, and “Trojan horses” as examples of malicious software? A virus is malicious code which will lower or stop system performances. A worm on the other hand is a special type of virus that spread through the memory to avoid detection and will consume the computers resources. a Trojan horse is any type of malicious software that uses a trigger to activate, such as opening a certain program or reaching a certain date. 3. Explain the different with regard to power “irregularities” and the impact that each may have on the ability for a business to function with its information systems. the first type of power irregularities are called spikes or surges. these are sudden increases in voltage through power lines. Most systems are protected from these surges quite easily with the use of surge protectors making surges not a big threat. Another form of power irregulation is sags or brownouts. A brownout or sag is a drop in voltage in an electrical power supply. Brownouts can cause poor performance of equipment or even incorrect operation. the last power irregulation is called...
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...been made regarding the bill not being concerned with people who witness the animal cruelty firsthand, but only if one records or photographs malicious animal cruelty. The RSPCA has urged a federal senate committee in order to throw out the proposed bill. RSPCA Australia Policy Officer, Mr Jed Goodfellow has stated that this bill “is focused on the wrong people” he believes...
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...Discussion I. Can our client satisfy the first requirement for a malicious prosecution suit that requires that the termination of the earlier suit be in the plaintiff’s favor when in our client’s case their termination was due to a voluntary dismissal by the initial plaintiff who changed her mind about her claim? To meet the first element –favorable termination- a plaintiff cannot rely on a settlement of the case that both parties agree to. Once the litigation ends by settlement there is no favorable termination for the purpose of pursuing a malicious prosecution. A favorable termination is satisfied by abandonment or dismissal and without any final determination merits. However there are preceding cases that require that adjudication on the merits is necessary for a determination that a termination was in the plaintiff’s favor. If there is a withdrawal of proceedings by the person who is bringing them it is considered a favorable termination in the plaintiff’s favor. In our case our client should succeed because the defendant dismissed the suit on his own. So our client will satisfy this element. The cases discussed below seem to agree on the main elements of malicious prosecution: (1) termination of the earlier suit in the plaintiff’s favor, (2) lack of probable cause for the suit, (3) malice on the defendant part, and (4) a special injury flowing from the earlier suit. Frey v. Stoneman, 722 P. 2d 274, 277 (Ariz. 1986); Young v. Motor City Apartments, 133 Mich. App....
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...Security Alliance “Top Threats to Cloud Computing” Version 1.0 (2010). Copyright © 2010 Cloud Security Alliance 2 Top Threats to Cloud Computing V1.0 Table of Contents Introduction................................................................................................................................... 2 Foreword........................................................................................................................................ 4 Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... 6 Threat #1: Abuse and Nefarious Use of Cloud Computing .......................................................... 8 Threat #2: Insecure Interfaces and APIs ....................................................................................... 9 Threat #3: Malicious...
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...The broad nature of the clause provides the courts the flexibility to counter government abuse even in areas never imagined by the founders. This has been used to end desegregation in federally controlled schools, protect the rights of juvenile defendants, and ensure that benefits such as welfare or public schooling cannot be suspended without cause.15 The “due process” clause protects the rights of Americans by ensuring that the government only acts according to set procedures in all situations, without malicious or arbitrary...
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...Security Authentication Process CMGT/400 February 9, 2013 Anthony Seymour Security Authentication Process Like most people who are computer users, you do not simply turn on your computer and start accessing programs. There are systems put in place by the user, or the administrator of the network to ensure that the properly authorized people gain access to their information. Specific profiles are created to differentiate amongst the users that allow each unique user to create, delete, and print or any other process they have access to. The process needs to be thoroughly planned out, and there also has to be a determination how whether it will be managed locally, or by third party software. This management of access controls actually comes in four different steps. The steps are: Identification, Authentication, Authorization, and finally, Accountability. No administrator worth his salt will incorporate any sort of security authentication process without these four basic steps. A properly configure authentication process will protect your network from such threats as password cracking tools, brute force attacks, the abuse of system rights and outright impersonation of authenticated users. Identification is the first of the four steps of the security process. Anyone that wishes to gain access to a system is referred to as a supplicant, and the tool that they use to gain entry to the system is referred to as an Identifier. This identifier can be a myriad of different references...
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...Abstract The topic that I would like to discuss in my term paper is “Current Security Issues in Cloud Computing”. As of today, cloud computing is a flexible, cost-efficient, and established transfer platform for giving business or user IT services on the internet. Yet, cloud computing presents an additional level of risk because crucial services are time and again outsourced to a moderator. This makes it more difficult to uphold data security, privacy, support data, service availability, and validate compliance. It is my goal to discuss some of the current issues involved with the cloud and how important that they are to everyone. What is Cloud? Cloud computing is a capable computing regular where computing resources in big data points are made accessible as services over the internet. It has become a renowned IT by presenting a professional atmosphere for data storage capability. It is a standard for computing and is provides a striking, enormous, significant asset that contains any subscription-based or pay-per-use service over the web. Cloud is on-demand admission to virtualized IT services and products. Places like Amazon and Google are presently giving such services, by charging customers by means of an on-demand strategy. Being that consumers put their sensitive information on the clouds public domains, huge problems for cloud implementation are lack of security and access control. The key obstacle is that the doubtful info drifts as service providers can access...
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...critical assessment of the University of Dar es Salaam cyber security policy through addressing the following research questions: What are the IT risk management policy and systems that can be developed for the University of Dar es salaam? The primary data is collected through surveys, and interviews that are open ended and close ended. The results of the paper demonstrated that colleges and universities have been a target for cyber-attacks due to the fact that of the vast amount of computing power they possess, and they provide open access to their constituents and to the public. The research also showed that University of Dar es Salaam doesn’t have a comprehensive IT security risk management policy or guidelines that will guide the business process in the event of an IT security threat. Therefore the University needs to develop policiesthat provide roadmap for effectively protecting the availability, integrity and confidentiality of University of Dar es Salaam Information Systems. Chapter One Introduction 1. Introduction Cybercrime is one of the fast growing areas of crime. Accordingly, there have been increased...
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...Computer Viruses While technology advances have brought many benefits to society there have also been technological abuses (1). In today’s generation, with the help of the Internet and the rapid growth of the personal computer in the average household, we are able to talk to and share information with people from all sides of the globe (2). Unfortunately this transformation of data has opened the doors for a new era of high tech crime – the computer virus. The Internet is now a complex gateway for transgression and immoral activities where often the perpetrators of the crime are far removed from the scene of the criminal activity and hidden behind a maze of double speak (3). Computer viruses are enigmatic and grab our attention. They move silently from computer to computer under a shroud of secrecy and deceit. If they are not caught in time, these malicious programs can erase all the data off a hard drive, rearrange numbers in a spreadsheet file, or practically anything else a clever programmer can devise. A computer virus is a potentially dangerous computer program designed with the intent of obliterating or corrupting data that it comes into contact with. Computer viruses are mysteriously hidden beneath seemingly innocuous programs, which explains the reason for their effective dissemination across the Internet. These malicious computer programs are designed to replicate themselves or insert copies of themselves into other programs when executed within the infected program...
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...child the rights and wrongs of life. They must nurture, love and take care of their newborn well into adulthood. Regrettably, every child is not born with a compassionate parent. There are some parents who either don’t know how to take care of their child or blame their offspring for their misfortunes. These predicaments can lead to child abuse; physical and mental. Child abuse is defined as the maltreatment of a child by a parent or guardian (Winton, 29). A common belief is that child abuse only occurs in poor families or bad neighborhoods, but this is not true. Child abuse crosses all racial, economic, and cultural lines. Sometimes, families who seem to have it all from the outside are hiding a different story behind closed doors. Child abuse is more than bruises and broken bones. While physical abuse might be the most visible sign, other types of abuse, such as emotional abuse or child neglect, also leave deep, long lasting scars. Some signs of child abuse are subtler than others. Ignoring children’s needs, putting them in unsupervised, dangerous situations, or making a child feel worthless or stupid are also considered forms of child abuse (Winton 36)....
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...been around, but it has recently received national recognition when investigators found the reason behind the Columbine shootings in 1999 and many other such instances of violence were a direct result of bullying behaviors. (Juvonen & Elisheva 2013) It is a sad realization when we hear of someone killing themselves or others because of the hurtful behaviors they had become accustomed to. According to Webster’s Dictionary bullying is defined as an extreme, negative, and persistent form of emotional abuse achieved primarily through verbal and non-verbal communication. In order for the label of bullying to be applied to a particular activity, individual, interaction, or process it has to occur repeatedly and on a regular basis over an extended period of time. (Landy & Conte 2010) The act of bullying can happen anywhere and at any time, and no one is exempt from its reach. Recent studies and statistics have shown bullying is an enormous problem in today’s society; it is a form of abuse that can be done in a school environment, at the workplace, and even online. A recent article about school bullying showed that on a typical school day three out of 10 American youngsters are involved in bullying as offenders, victims or bystanders, and an estimated 160,000 children skip school every day for fear of being harassed. Also, bullied students are more prone to suicide, depression and poor school performance. (Koons 2013) This research only backs up what we have seen in today’s world. It...
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...Corporate Security involves prevention, detection, response, monitoring and review measures to reduce perceived risks to acceptable levels. These measures need to be uniform and continuous in domains such as Social/Personal, Computer/Network and Physical. 1. Information domains Understanding corporate security is about understanding what the key assets in the company are. Today, the key asset is often information. But information alone is not enough, knowledge of how to use valuable information is needed to provide a competitive edge. The value of information may depend on being secret and accurate. Information can take many forms, hence methods of securing information are various. Instead of dividing information into categories based on content, consider analysing threats to information (and hence its protection) on categories based on methods of processing / storing. Three "information domains" are defined: Physical: Traditionally information is "written down", stored somewhere (e.g. a box, safe, diskette, or computer). Classical security concentrates on physical protection: buildings, server rooms, access controls etc. Social/Personal: Successful organisations realise the value of their personnel, the knowledge they hold in their heads and the capabiliy to use that knowledge to corporate advantage. Logical or Network: Information is also stored on computers and accessed via networks. Documents can be stored "somewhere on the net" that users...
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