management's job is to make sense out of of the many situations faced by organizations, make decisions, and formulate action plans to solve organizational problems. managers perceive business challenges in the environment; they set the organizational strategy for responding to coordinate the work and achieve success. throughout, they must exercise responsible leadership. the business information systems described in this book reflect the hopes, dreams, and realities of real-world managers.

Organizational dimension of information systems
Business organizations are hierarchies consisting of three principal levels: senior management, middle management, and operational management.
The highest level is senior management who manages the administration, finance and accounting in company. They have a specific executive power such as authority of the board of directors and shareholders. There are most often higher levels of responsibility, such as a board of directors and those who own the company, but they focus on managing the senior management instead of the day-to-day activities of the business. In Project Management, senior management is responsible for authorizing the funding of projects.
The second highest level is middle management; it includes scientists and knowledge workers. Middle management is a stratum of management in an organization whose main job responsibility is to oversee activities of subordinates while reporting to upper management.
The lowest level is operational management; it includes data workers and production or service workers. Operations management which is an area of management concerned with overseeing, designing, and redesigning business operation in the production of goods and service. It include the responsibility of ensuring that business operation are efficient in terms of using as little resource as needed, and effective in