Session 1
1. The field of organizational behaviour (OB) has emerged from the disciplines of psychology, sociology, political science, and economics, although it is primarily identified with psychology. It has often been defined as studying behaviour of individuals and groups within organizations. This is usually referred to as “micro-OB”

2. Organizational theory (OT) is the body of research and knowledge concerning organizations. Organization theory originally focused primarily on the organization as a unit, as opposed to organization behaviour, which explored individual and group behaviour within the organization. This perspective is sometimes also called “macro-OB”.

3. Two Types of Decisions-
a. Programmed Decisions
Routine
Automatic processing
b. Non-programmed Decisions

4. Satisficing- Choosing acceptable alternative to resolving a problem or pursuing an opportunity
i. Not all alternatives are considered

5. Sources of Error in Decision Making-
a. Cognitive Heuristics and Biases
i. Availability – deaths in US, words in novel ii. Representativeness –conjunction fallacy, base rates, regression to mean-Linda eg iii. Anchoring and Adjustment –pay for beer, engineer’s salary iv. Framing –loss and gain
b. Motivational Biases
i. Confirmation Bias ii. Hindsight Bias iii. Escalation of Commitment iv. Positive (ego-centric) Illusions
c. Emotion-related Biases
i. Priming

6. The base rate fallacy, also called base rate neglect or base rate bias, is an error that occurs when the conditional probability of some hypothesis H given some evidence E is assessed without taking into account the prior probability ("base rate") of H and the total probability of evidence E.

7. The misconception of chance is another bias. Often, especially while gambling, we interpret a ‘normal’ event as rare, believing that chance will ‘correct’ a series of rare events. For instance, every week you buy a lottery ticket and tell yourself that this is the week that you will become a multimillionaire – when the fact is that the odds of this happening are upward of one in several million

8. In regression to the mean fallacy- The flaw is failing to account for natural fluctuations. When his pain got worse, he went to a doctor, after which the pain subsided a little. Therefore, he benefited from the doctor's treatment. The pain subsiding a little after it has gotten worse is more easily explained by regression towards the mean. Assuming it was caused by the doctor is fallacious.

9. Conjunction Fallacy- The conjunction fallacy is a logical fallacy that occurs when it is assumed that specific conditions are more probable than a single general one

10. Anchor adjustment- Anchoring or focalism is a cognitive bias that describes the common human tendency to rely too heavily, or "anchor," on one trait or piece of information when making decisions.

11. Framing effect is an example of cognitive bias, in which people react differently to a particular choice depending on whether it is presented as a loss or as a gain.

12. Confirmation bias (also called confirmatory bias or myside bias) is a tendency of people to favor information that confirms their beliefs or hypotheses.

13. Hindsight, also known as the knew-it-all-along effect or creeping determinism, is the inclination to see events that have already occurred as being more predictable than they were before they took place

14. Positive (Egocentric) Illusions- We view ourselves, the world, and the future in a considerably more positive light than is objectively likely or than reality can sustain

15. Priming is an implicit memory effect in which exposure to a stimulus influences a response to a later stimulus.For example, if a person reads a list of words including the word table, and is later asked to complete a word starting with tab, the probability that he or she will answer table is greater than if not so primed

Session 2
1. Individual Decision-Making Biases
a. Action bias
b. Default bias
c. Confirmation bias

2. Types of decision-making tasks
a. Disjunctive
b. Conjunctive
c. Compensatory

3. Strategies for promoting a good decision-
a. Minority Dissent
b. Team Psychological Safety

4. Threats to Group Effectiveness
a. GroupThink
b. Group Polarization

5. Symptoms of group think- I R S S I I PM

6. Group Problem Solving Techniques-
a. Brainstorming
b. Nominal Group Technique
c. Delphi technique