a) Explain how managers differ from non-managerial employees
Ans: Managers are those people who coordinate and oversee the work of others so as to ensure that organizational goals are attained effectively and efficiently. Managers can be found in three level of organization, the first line managers, middle managers and top managers. Managers are responsible for the planning, organizing, leading and controlling of the organization.
Non-managerial employees are those employees who work directly in the production of organizations product or service, and deals with organizations customers. Non managerial employees are found in the lowest level of the organization. They do not have any one reporting to them.

b) Describe how to classify managers in an organization.
In a traditionally cultured structure where more employees are found in the lower level than the upper levels, managers are classified in to three categories. First-line managers are the lowest level managers found in an organization. They are responsible for the coordinating and overseeing the work of the non-managerial employees who work directly in the producing of organizational products or service. First-line managers require more technical skills compared to the other two level of managers, as well as good human skills to motivate the employees and resolve conflicts between the work groups. First-line managers carry the titles similar to team manager, department managers and supervisors.
Middle-managers are responsible for managing the work of first line managers. They are found between the lowest level and the top level of management in the organization. Middle-managers acts as a middlemen between lower level management by giving directions and controlling to achieve the goals according to the plans. Managers at this level require good human skills to motivate, communicate, lead and control between