Defining the term Management
Management
“The word management comes from the Italian “maneggio/maneggiare” and the French word “manège”, the training ring in which horses run around encouraged by a long whip held by the horse trainer.”(Nordström and Ridderstråle, 2000)
Defining management is not easy; however we can say it is generally a process by which the organisational goals are achieved by the actions of managers using human and financial means. Management has been around for thousands of years and each major civilisation has employed a form to suit their needs, from the Egyptians when constructing the great Pyramids, to the Greek and Roman Empires in order to manage their armies and conquests indeed the Catholic Church has used a hierarchical managerial structure since the second century AD, this structure utilises levels of management; Priest, Bishop, Arch-Bishop, Cardinal and Pope (Tiernan, Morley, Foley 2006,p12). Many other organisations have adopted this form including the Dublin Fire Brigade and from this we have fire-fighters, sub-officers, station officers, district officers, third officers, assistant chief fire officers and chief fire officer. Historically management was operated on a trial and error basis, prior to the industrial revolution the lack of efficient transport and communications restricted the expansion of most businesses and stifled the development of management within industry.
“Management is tasks. Management is a discipline. But management is also people. Every achievement of management is the achievement of a manager. Every failure is a failure of a manager.” ( Drucker 1997, p.14)
The Industrial Revolution

In the middle of the 1700’s, a new revolution gripped the world, the Industrial Revolution, as it now called by historians, changed the ways by how the world produced its goods. It also changed society from being mainly