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“乖宝贝”成长之痛

2010年,母婴用品专业网站”乖宝贝”推出了成长计划,向综合型电子商务网站转型,一路走来,挫折不断……
徐志红

2010年9月,广州中泰国际广场38楼家丽日用品公司会议室,乖宝贝网站个人护理频道总监叶辉正口吐莲花,希望凭借自己的三寸不烂之舌,说服日用品巨头家丽的销售人员给自己最低的进价。 “我们乖宝贝网站从2007年开始运作,每年的营收增长都达到300%以上,这在传统零售业是不可想象的。大家可以看看我们各个品类具体的增长状况……”叶辉一边演示PPT,一边用眼角余光扫了一遍会议室:家丽公司与会的两个人员,—个正忙着发短信,—个正好打了一个哈欠。叶辉压抑住心中的不快,继续他的演讲。 PPT的最末一页,叶辉选择了两只紧握在一起的手:“我们乖宝贝网站希望和家丽达成战略合作关系。凭借我们巨大的客户群,为家丽产品的销售开拓一个新市场。” 家丽公司陈女士的回答礼貌又坚定:“叶总的演讲给我们很深刻的印象。的确,你们乖宝贝在母婴市场很有竞争力,但从前几个月我们家丽产品在乖宝贝网站的销售情况来看,你们似乎并没有把母婴产品的消费者成功地转化为日用产品的消费者。以你们目前的进货量,我们给你们的折扣已经很低了。” 叶辉点点头,冲她笑了笑:“谢谢您的坦率。的确,作为我们网站的新增品类,个人护理产品的销量还不大。但是,用户的消费习惯形成有一个过程。凭借我们这几年积累的几百万的客户群,我相信打开日用品市场只是时间问题……” 可惜家丽并没有给叶辉更多时间:“我们相信您。这样,我们待会儿还有一个会议,要不我们观察一段时间以后再谈。”叶辉礼貌地一笑,伸出自己的双手:“没问题,相信我们今后的合作之路很长。”

回到自己的地盘? 9月的广州,还没有彻底摆脱太阳的余威。刚刚走出中泰国际广场,潮湿闷热的空气就将叶辉包围。叶辉摸摸自己的嘴角,感觉脸上仿佛还绷着一个虚假的笑容,不禁有些窝火。 也是,像这样无功而返的会议,自己开了不知道多少回了。今天在家丽的遭遇还算好的。毕竟是大公司,员工都很有素养,即使是拒绝,也彬彬有礼。 叶辉走进一家咖啡馆,叫了一杯Double Espresso(双份浓缩咖啡),平复一下自己的心情。回想起来,自己也算是乖宝贝网站的元老了,2008年加入公司,负责婴儿奶粉频道。几年下来,婴儿奶粉在乖宝贝做得是有声有色。不仅凝聚了一批忠诚客户,销售额也是节节攀高,每年的增长率都达到300%。 叶辉的不顺畅,是从2010年春季开始的。当年3月,公司发起了“乖宝贝成长计划”,拓展产品销售品类。至今,叶辉还记得那一天CEO激情昂扬的一番话。CEO的办公室里,召集了公司最有潜力的一批年轻人:“你们是公司的精英,更是我们的希望。乖宝贝从今天开始,不光要做母婴产品,还准备开拓一些日用品市场,成长为一个大超市。过去几年,是大家把乖宝贝打造成了国内排名前三的母婴类网站,让我们再接再厉,更上一层楼。” 更上一层楼,哪儿那么容易?在客户心目中,上乖宝贝网站就是给宝宝买东西的。在供应商心目中,乖宝贝就是一个母婴网站,其他产品放在网站上,基本上没什么销量。要拿到最低的进价,几乎就是天方夜谭。进价不便宜,消费者尝不到甜头,怎么可能继续在你这儿买东西? 说实话,从公司宣布成长计划开始,叶辉心里就是有疑虑的。倒不是年纪大了,不想开疆拓土,实在是难度太大,几近蜀道。事实证明叶辉的担心不无道理。就自己负责的个人护理频道而言,不仅客流量上不去,客单量也低得惊人,简直就是乖宝贝网站的一个点缀。半年多来,销售额增长缓慢,不要说以前做母婴品类时百分之几百的增长,就是百分之几十的增长都没有。 叶辉呷了—口咖啡,Double Espresso的香味扑鼻而来,叶辉喜欢这种浓烈口味。事实上,不光喝咖啡喜欢味道浓烈,叶辉做什么都喜欢追求极致,也一直自认为是一个承受能力很强的人。可现如今,叶辉觉得自己真有点经不起折腾了。想到这里,叶辉不由得叹了一口气,我都受不了了,不知道其他负责新品频道的同事们怎么样了。 喝完咖啡,叶辉打开笔记本,准备给老板写汇报。Email的最末一段,叶辉笔峰一转,向老板建言:“我们现在在新品类上投入的时间和精力,如果放回到原有的核心品类上,得到的回报肯定更多。老板,我真有些不明白,我们为什么就不能在原本属于我们的地盘上精耕细作?”

要成长,就多给我们花钱 2011年2月末的几天,上海正午的太阳已经有了夏天的热度。稍许炙热的阳光透过会议室的落地玻璃窗照射进来,让参加 2011年度营销预算会议的人争论起来不免有些急躁。 叶辉是公司出了名的大嘴巴,他一边走到门口关掉空调,一边大声说道:“不管怎么着,今年给我们的推广费用必须翻倍。你们做母婴产品的人不知道,我们这些负责新品类的人去年做得多累。” “我同意叶辉的说法。”附和叶辉发言的,是另一个负责拓展休闲零食的同事。“作为母婴网站,我们的品牌很有知名度,让客户产生认同比较容易。但作为一个大超市,我们在消费者那里的认可程度真的很低。去年累死累活,业绩最好的两个月就是我们在地铁报上刊登广告的两个月。广告一上,业绩就上来;广告一停,业绩立马就下降。说句实话,我们频道也就那两个月的销售额看得过去,其他几个月我自己都不好意思说。” 叶辉对此深有同感。去年7、 8月间,公司在地铁报上刊登了整版广告,对新品类进行促销,就是那两个月,用户打进来的电话量急剧上升,销售额也还看得过去。可惜的是,这些打电话订购产品的客户,大多没有转化为乖宝贝网站的常客,有些消费者甚至都没有登录过乖宝贝的网站。叶辉记得当时在自己团队总结会上的发言:“怎么感觉这做媒体广告像吸大麻似的,容易上瘾,但又找不到根治疾病的方法呢?” 想到这里,叶辉接过同事的话头:“依我看,我们不仅要进行在线下促销做推广,还要结合线上推广模式。更重要的是,要让消费者知道,我们乖宝贝长大了,不光卖母婴产品,还卖其他很多生活用品。我们的品牌形象不改观,我们的销售业绩就很难有大的突破。” “是要改观,但我们的拳头和核心竞争力毕竟还在母婴这块领地。”说这话的,正是乖宝贝婴儿频道的总监王刚。 “给我们网站带来利润的,目前主要还是母婴频道,如果我们放弃我们根据地,去开辟新战场,我担心会得不偿失。前几年,我们的销售额增长都在300%以上,自从去年公司开展了乖宝贝成长计划,我们婴儿产品的增长率反而有了减缓的势头。好像并没有像我们当初想象的,形成互利互惠的关系。我建议,今年我们还是要加强拳头品类的宣传,不要捡了芝麻丢了西瓜。”王刚以他一贯有条不紊的风格,说出了自己的要求。 各个品类的总监都发过言后,将目光齐齐聚到了公司CFO李小萌身上。“那我就来跟大家说一说我们今年的财务目标吧。”李小萌清了清嗓子道,“公司董事会希望,我们能够在今年年底基本实现盈亏平衡。大家应该都知道,我们做乖宝贝的目的,就是要把它最终变成一家公众公司。要上市,不但要有巨大的增长空间,还要有靓丽的财务报表。事实上,我们今年的营销预算很紧张。大家也知道,从去年年中开始,主要推广渠道的价格,尤其是线上推广渠道的价格涨得很厉害,估计今年还会有20%左右的增长,所以……” 李小萌还在搜索恰当的词汇,一直坐在会议桌中央没有发言的CEO许乐天接过了话茬,似乎开始了总结发言:“所以,我们要把我们从投资者那里得来的每一分钱,都花在刀刃上。谢谢大家今天畅所欲言,我们会根据今年总的战略需求,把营销预算这块大饼分好。也希望大家在运用营销资金时,能让它们产生最大的效益。到时候有什么不同意见,我们再单独沟通吧。” “许总,我现在就有一个问题?”看着许乐天含笑眼光中的鼓励,叶辉反倒有些扭捏了。他摸摸头,继续说,“我想……”犹疑了片刻,叶辉决定一鼓作气:“我的想法应该在做新品类的同事中有一定代表性。我们过去都是母婴战线上的骁将,现在把我们放到新品类上,我们好像有劲儿没地方使。我的这个想法,我以前就对我的老板提过,为什么我们不能把我们的拳头缩紧,集中优势兵力,把母婴市场做到最大、最强呢?” 许乐天点点头:“叶辉的问题很好,我相信公司很多人都有这样的想法。我们的成长计划实施半年以来,的确遇到了很多障碍。但是大家要知道,好啃的骨头不好吃。我们做母婴网站3年来,积累了300万人的客户群。这样庞大的一个客户群,如果我们能把他们的购买潜力激发出来,产生的能量不可想象。想一想,大家现在遇到的这些困难,是不是在我们最初上网站的时候也遇到过呢?但我们还不是一路走过来了。现在我们的知名度更高,配送系统更完善,周围条件比当初更好,我们哪有理由退缩……”

CEO的犹疑 大家都散去了,许乐天还坐在会议室里,回味自己最后的那段讲话。说是给员工打气,许乐天自己知道,也是给自己打气。乖宝贝网站,就像自己的第二个儿子一样,许乐天决不容许他的成长过程中有什么大的失误。 2006年底,许乐天辞去了跨国公司高管的职务,开始自己创业。当时许乐天的儿子刚出生不久,这让他对母婴产品感兴趣起来。经过多方调研,许乐天和自己的高管团队便把目标定在了母婴产品这块市场。在他们看来,随着婴儿潮的来临,这将是一块肥沃的处女地。2007年年初,乖宝贝网站上线。 创业的岁月艰辛而甜蜜。许乐天津津乐道的,是自己当初怎样和高管团队一起,背着网站目录册在各个小区“鼠蹿”,又怎样和自己的创业元老通宵达旦地工作,在办公室一起迎接清晨的太阳。 几年下来,乖宝贝真的很“乖”,客户数成长到了惊人的 300万,营业额也从零开始,到 2010年突破了5亿元大关。这在当初创业的时候几乎就是一个可望而不可即的目标,没想到,短短3年之内,乖宝贝就实现了这种飞跃。随着国内电子商务如火如茶的发展,以及乖宝贝技术平台和运营系统的不断完善,来自网站的销售收入和用户增长这几年来一直有高速双增长的态势。 但是最近一段时间,乖宝贝在母婴市场的表现有些许放缓的势头;另一方面,乖宝贝吸纳的风险投资也在不停地催促,要求许乐天利用原有的母婴客户群,激发他们的购买潜力,将乖宝贝打造成一个综合型超市,做到这个市场的No.1。于是,如何让乖宝贝再创新高,在2010年年初摆上了董事会的议程。 许乐天当初决定做乖宝贝,看中的正是电子商务的空间和时间无限大的概念。虽然乖宝贝的成长计划看起来有风险资本的意愿,可是也正好契合了许乐天自己的野心。2010年3月,乖宝贝正式推出成长计划,开始向母婴以外的产品线延伸。然而半年下来,似乎天并未遂人愿。 就投入的人力和物力来看,公司下了很大的血本,但从增长态势来看,业绩成长远远比 不上母婴这一块的增长。事实上,半年前叶辉写给他直接上司的Email,许乐天也看到过。许乐天对这个小伙子的坦率和思考,相当赏识。但是,作为网站的掌舵人,自己不可能给成长计划泼冷水。不过,不泼冷水并不意味着坐视缓慢成长的新业务拖垮公司当前的现金牛。有时候,许乐天的脑海里也会闪过一丝念头:乖宝贝是否应该收缩自己的业务,回到自己当初苦心经营的母婴产品上,把客户体验做到极致?毕竟,从自己在母婴类产品的市场占有率来看,还有很大的成长空间。不过,风险资本推动下的乖宝贝,似乎已经回不到原来的成长曲线上了。 眼下,网站花钱的地方很多。也是在2010年,公司开始自建配送站。与成长计划相比,自建配送体系是不得已之举。中国目前的物流水平,已经跟不上网站的成长速度。不自建物流,就没法解决顾客购买体验不佳的问题,而这对于B2C网站来说非常关键。自建配送站,自己培训物流人员,这些成本,对于追求一流的电子商务网站来说,不得不花。 “不得不花啊。”想到这里,许乐天挺挺胸,舒展了一下胳膊。正在这时,手机响了,一看来电显示,正是乖宝贝物流总监的电话。 “许总,我们在宝山的配送站失窃了。从监控录像看,小偷进来把保险箱搬走了。” “损失多少?” “大概30多万吧。我们已经报警了,跟您汇报一下,这个事情我有责任……” 许乐天打断他的话头:“先不要追究责任了,看看有没可能追回损失吧。”电话这头,许乐天随即收起了自己犹疑的思路,繁忙的事务,并没有给他的犹疑留下太多的空间:“一偷偷掉30多万,看来自己的管理制度还是有漏洞啊,明天召集各个配送站的站长开个会议吧。” 想到要开会,许乐天加快脚步回到办公室。因为这几天忙,本来每月15日例行阅读的用户投诉和建议他都没来得及看,现在正好趁开会前读了吧。 翻开例行报告,许乐天的眉头不禁皱作一团。最近半年来,用户满意度持续下跌,上个月又创了新低。许乐天随便翻了翻,就发现有好几个用户投诉送到家的啤酒瓶破碎了,要求换货。除此之外,网站的退货率也在这几个月猛增。这些问题,许乐天并不是第一次注意到。自从公司开展成长计划以来,用户投诉明显增加。看来新增产品与母婴产品在配送方式上的区别还真不小呢。许乐天挑选了几条比较典型的投诉,准备让大家在明天的会议上一并讨论。

扩张还是收缩 刚刚做好会议准备,手机又响了。许乐天一看,是晚上和共富创投的工作餐提醒。许乐天拍拍自己的脑袋,心里责备了自己一句:真是年纪大了不中用,这么重要的事差点忘了。 从张江办公室走到东郊宾馆,许乐天只用了15分钟时间。现在但凡可以走路到达的地方,许乐天决不会选择汽车,倒不是响应什么低碳的号召,实在是想活动一下筋骨。 还未到7点,夜色已经朦胧。一只瘦瘦的黑天鹅还在湖里游泳。看见这只天鹅,许乐天心里仿佛感受到了它的孤独。到了晚上,草坪渐渐显出白天没有的魅力,平静而舒坦。树林里间或有不知名的鸟叫。许乐天喜欢这个世外桃源,,心情也渐渐放松下来。 不过工作餐始终是工作餐,寒暄之后,共富创投的投资顾问言归正传。 “乖宝贝前几年发展很快,我们对一期的投资很满意。但是老许,垂直类网站的成长空间毕竟是有限的。你看京东、红孩子,它们都在向综合型B2C转型。你也知道,如果你做不到前几位,在资本市场就拿不到高的溢价。资本市场欢喜的,除了营业额,还有想象的空间。有概念的公司,才会让人疯狂。依我看,你们的成长计划还应该更aggressive(有进攻性)一点。” 许乐天含笑不语,只是举起酒杯,仿佛豪情尽在杯中。 “真的,相信我,B2C规模意味着行业话语权和赢利点。为着这规模,我们可能会继续追加在乖宝贝的投资……”
※ ※ ※ ※ 送走共富创投的投资顾问,许乐天仍然选择步行回家。得到投资顾问追加投资的承诺,是否今晚最大的成就?不知道为什么,许乐天的心里有点不安。初春夜晚的风,还带着丝丝凉意。仰望夜空,几颗寂寥的星星无声散落。 白天,叶辉的质疑言犹在耳;夜晚,投资顾问又展望未来激情四射。 走到湖边,许乐天用力将脚下的一块碎石踢进湖里。碎石入水,发出清脆的丁冬声。 乖宝贝到底应该选择拓展还是回归呢?许乐天心里的这块石头,却找不到落下的方向,一直悬空。

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