Introduction
According to the theory of leadership, there are many definitions relating to the trait of leaders. The concept of leadership can be defined as a potential to motivate their followers and be able to drive them to accomplish their objective (Robbins et al, 2010:316). Moreover, the main characteristics of leaders should consist of the ability to illustrate the beneficial ways for the majority and persuade their followers to accept the most significant aim to be successfully (Yukl 2013:22).

This report will investigate about the leadership style of the President of the South African leader Invictus (Nelson Mandela), as depicted in the film directed by Clint Eastwood, “Invictus” (2009). Invictus represents the story of President Nelson Mandela and is based on historical true story while he was the President of South Africa. The story began before the World Cup Rugby during his term in 1994. The significant of movie is shown in three parts which involved with Mandela’s life during he was the nation’s leader. The first part began with Mandela’s personal traits, which are Conscientiousness, Openness, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Emotional stability. He has a leader behavior that can lead people to accept and respect him. The second part demonstrates how Mandela uses the potential leader’s power to manage the problems in the nation. He achieved his goal by using referent power in the right way. He can use the power to inspire people to follow his objective in term of bringing different races to become unity by using high effective tactics (Rational Persuasion, Inspiration Appeals). Therefore, Mandela attempted to use his rightful power to manage the nation’s rugby team “Springboks” in order to gain the team’s victory. Finally, the third part reflects Mandela’s leadership style, he achieved to influence and inspire people to accept difference in races in the nation. Moreover, Mandela is the potential leader for changing people’s belief and bringing the peaceful to the nation. Additionally, he has many leadership styles as transformational leadership. Mandela can demonstrate as a powerful leader in term of transforming the conflict of different races in South Africa into one country.

Traits approach to leadership
The difference of leader personality derives from the combination between the trait leadership and behavior. According to the trait theories, leaders have the unique personality and are different from followers (Robbins et al, 2010:317). The traits theories relating to leaders’ behaviors explain the varieties of leader’s external personalities and characters. The behavioral theories describe the uniqueness of leaders’ behaviors which relates to effective leadership (Robbins et al, 2010:319). Therefore, different characteristics of leaders are related to various behavioral theories. For example, the trait personality can reflect the personal behaviors. In this case, the effective trait of leaders is deliberation thinking and building potential behavior of leaders (Robbins et al, 2010:321).

The Big Five personality model
The relationship between personal traits and behavior can be applied with the “Big Five” personality model. The theory of Big Five personality model explains that five different classifications reflect the varieties of personal behaviors (Digman, 1990; Hough, 1992 as citied in Yukl, 2013:154). The Big Five personalities are Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional stability and Openness to experience. In the Invictus, Mandela can represent five major personalities such as Conscientiousness, Openness to experience, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Emotional stability. Firstly, Conscientiousness means the trait of well-managed, trustworthy, responsibility and diligent (Goldberg, 1992 as citied in Templer, 2012:119). Mandela can achieved in job performance that he is reliable person and able to make person feel trust in his words. He is an intelligent leader who always hard working for his people. He has high intention to accomplish his intention when he gave a promise to people that he would bring the peaceful to South African. He could changed and influence with people’s perception to accept his potential as trustworthiness leader of South Africa. Openness to experience means open-minded to new things, creative, increased learning, adaptable to change (Robbins et al, 2010:87). In Mandela’s life, he had to face with new experiences when he was the Prime Minister of South Africa. Mandela is an open-minded leader who accepts and be able to adapt to new things. He was able to work with white people who did not accept to work with him. However, he is willing to learn new challenges and be able to manipulate all kinds of people who have different races to work with him. As a result, he can work with all kinds of people and create corporation in team. This corporation can show that Mandela can accept changes and work with different races. Moreover, his strategy can demonstrate the positive effect of team harmony. Mandela attempted to create the new strategy for reducing the gap between different races. He started with his bodyguards who were white and black staff. He managed them to work and share their experiences together. His idea can build the harmony as group teamwork. Moreover, he had a plan to eliminate the racial discrimination in the nation by using Springboks, the nation’s rugby team. His tactic was to give an opportunity for white rugby player to teach black children about how to play rugby in the proper way. He had a creative idea for connecting people in the country by using Springboks team. He believed that Springboks team is an important factor that can have an impact on changing people’s beliefs about the acceptance racial discrimination in country. Extraversion is the personality of confidence, social interactions and friendly (Robbins et al, 2010:87). Mandela achieved his job satisfaction because he had a good social life. He had an excellent interpersonal skill when he had to corporate with his colleagues, Sprinkboks rugby team players, Pienaar and South African people. Mandela always greets with other people, which reflects his perfect social interaction with everyone. He had positive feeling with other people when he worked with them. Agreeableness is personalities of collaboration, rule obeying, friendly, warm, and care other people (Goldberrg, 1990, 1992 as citied in Templer, 2012:118). Mandela has ability to create warm atmosphere in the work place. He always emphasizes not only on task but also his followers. He had interpersonal communication by consulting with Pienaar for finding the way to solve the problems. Mandela has ability to corporate with Springboks team leader to find the way to be the winner of the World Cup. Emotional stability (Neuroticism) is the trait of calm, emotional ability, without stress and stable (Robbins et al, 2010:87). Mandela has perfect ability to control his emotion even though South African did not agree to accept him as their Prime Minister. He always keeps his smiling; greeting his people with happy emotion. When white people threw things to him, he never felt angry and always be calm.

Power and influence tactics
The theory of power is a potential factor that effects on other people for changing their perceptions and behaviors (Yukl 2013:189). Thus, the power of leaders is an essential element for controlling people’s behavior to follow their goal. There have many different types of power, such as expert power, referent power, legitimate power, reward power, and coercive power (Yukl 2013:191). In the Invictus movie, Mandela’s power can show his personal power as legitimate power, referent power.

Legitimate power
The legitimate power is the characteristic power from formal position of hierarchy organization (Robbins et al, 2010:374). Mandela has formal authority power in term of his position is the Prime Minister of South Africa. Everyone knows that he has the highest position as South African leader.

Referent power
The referent power is an ideal for influencing others’ behaviors with the inspiration and motivating people to become loyalty (Yukl 2013:193). Furthermore, the definition of referent power can define as the union impact on identity’s perception that related to persuasion to person or organization to follow and accept the objective (French and Raven, 1959 as cited in Beeble & Salem, 2009:252). Mandela attempted to use referent power leader with Francois Pienaar who was the caption of Springboks team. In the Invictus scene, Mandela invited Pienaar to his office and had an informal conversation with him. Pienaar was an important person that can help him to achieve the goals. As a result, Mandela showed his referent leader power by influencing people’s belief and changing their behavior. Many people trust Mandela’s words and follow his rules. Furthermore, Mandela attempted to announce to the world about his promise with the nation of South Africa. He achieved to change people’s perception about the conflict of racial discrimination in South Africa. In this point, Mandela became a hero of South African by bringing white and black people together. He can create the inspiration to eliminate the racial discrimination problem for people around the world. Mandela’s personality and position help him to be the excellent and influential leader of the South Africa nation.

Influence tactics
Mandela used proactive influence tactics in term of rational persuasion and inspirational appeal.

Rational Persuasion
Rational persuasion refers to using logical thinking to describe the reason why the requirement will be beneficial for organization and how support will help in achieving the goal (Yukl, 2013:206). Mandela used rational persuasion to motivate people to believe in his reasonable thinking. He had intention to eliminate the conflict of racial discrimination problem in the nation. Moreover, he always concerns about how his action can be used to bring the different races to one nation. He had ability for organizing his strategies and performing well to achieve his goal. Therefore, Mandela’s performance can create the creditability to be trustworthiness leader of South African.

Inspirational Persuasion
Moreover, Mandela showed inspirational appeal to his followers. The theory of inspirational appeal focuses on attracting the worthiness by encouraging target’s emotions to support and obtain the requirement (Yukl, 2013:206). Mandela spent time to talk with Pienaar and gave his value intelligent moral. In this personal conversation, he could guide the new strategies for solving the rugby team’s problems and inspired him to believe in his moral words. Therefore, Pienaar felt respect and believed in his capability for solving the nation problem. Later, Pienaar became his good partner and help Mandela change the conflict to be peace. Mandela gave his speech as moral support to Springboks’ players by motivating them to gain the winner of The World Cup.

Leadership styles
The one of success leadership style to be great politician is transformation leadership. The theory of transformation leadership explains that an ideal leader is not only can emphasize the significance of task but also focus on creating inspiration value to influence follower’s perception (Yukl, 2013:314). According to transformational characteristic, leaders are able to convince people to understand and believe in their potential that they will gain the benefits for their followers (Bass & Avolio, 1990a). Mandela is a great leader to use his intelligence communication skill when he had to deal with other people. He attempted to use his moral to attract people’s mind for changing their attitude. In addition to the inspiration, he is a good model for changing followers’ behavior as ideal influence, individual consideration, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation (Yukl, 2013:313).

Ideal influence
Mandela’s characteristic is ideal influences in term of encourage people to trust his potential that he can support the nation in beneficial way. He attempted to demonstrate that Whites and Blacks were able to work together without racial discrimination. He worked hard to find the harmony solution of nation. Also, his followers can see his effort and they felt truly respect his efficiency.

Individual consideration
Mandela has individual consideration by supporting the Springboks team. He participated in the match for supporting player’s moral in the competition. He supported the way to improve team’s potential to be a winner of The World Cup.

Inspirational motivation
Moreover, Mandela is inspirational motivation leader by using his moral intelligent communication skill to inspire people’s mind. He can remember all rugby players’ names. Additionally, they felt impressed and had positive feeling with Mandela because he gave importance to every player. Moreover, Mandela gave the opportunity for black children; they can learn how to play rugby in the right way from Sprinkboks players. This chance can create the relationship among different races to become a unity. As a result, he was able to inspire South African to accept difference of races in the nation.

Intellectual stimulation
Mandela has Intellectual stimulation behavior. When he talked with Pienaar, he could show his potential to find the best way for gaining the team’s victory. He can realize the team’s problems and find the best way for changing team’s strategies.

Leadership effectiveness
The effectiveness of leadership can be examined in many ways. Regarding to the theory of effective leaders, leaders should be able to demonstrate both significant problems and solution and promise to solve the problems by well organizing and putting an effort toward objectives (McCuddy and Cavin, 2008:109). Additionally, the effective leaders should concern the proper solution for accomplishing the task and influence others’ behaviors to pursue under the suitable circumstance (Yukl 2013:390). Therefore, the effective leaders have high potential to organize the task and influence people in order to accomplish the best result for objectives and organization. From the leader behavior analysis, it can be seen that Mandela is the effective leader who can find the best strategy for solving the nation problems. Meanwhile, he is an employee-oriented leader who concerns his followers by building the interpersonal relationship with everyone. Mandela is a role model of leader who has excellent social interaction skill to build relationship and persuade people to agree with his goal. He used the benefit of coordination with specific goal for reducing the racial discrimination problem and building the national unity. Mandela has intelligent skill to manage the creative way toward positive outcomes for the nation. He was successful for changing people’s belief and finding the peace for South African. He always concerned about the majority’s benefit rather than his personal life. As a result, Mandela can achieve to merge team harmony and eliminate the conflict of racial discrimination in South Africa. Therefore, Mandela is a hero of South African who has potentiality of effective leader for bringing peace and changing people’s perception of the racial discrimination. In this case, Mandela can demonstrate the high potential traits for being an effective leader.

Conclusion
According to the analysis of the leadership depicted in Invictus, Mandela is one of the greatest leaders of the world. He could change the racial discrimination between white and black people. As a result, he can find the best strategy by using Rugby nation team named “Springboks” as a mean to connect people in the nation. He did the best effort to resolve the causes of problem and bring the positive impact for nation as a whole. Mandela can show his leader’s effectiveness by influencing and changing in people’s belief. Transformational leader is an important leader characteristic to influence intrinsic of followers by using inspiration. He concerns and focuses on the majority’s issues rather than himself. Invictus can illustrate that hope can drive anything to success. The development of Sprinkboks team reflects how people believe in Mandela’s vision to be a winner of The World Cup Championship. Moreover, Mandela can demonstrate his potential to be the world great leader in term of changing the problem of conflict diversification in humanity to peacefulness. He did the best effort to influence people and become as an inspired leader in their mind rather than forcing them to follow the rules. In conclusion, I believe that the main content of Invictus movie could demonstrate the great responsibility of leader for bringing harmony to a team and nation. Nelson Mandela can show his greatest potential that has the impact on the elimination of the racial discrimination problem in South Africa.

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