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Manifest

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Submitted By gcobrien
Words 802
Pages 4
Gregg O’Brien
Dr. Kenneth Paulson
Bunker Hill Community College
HIS-151-J1
11 August 2013

The U.S.S Constitution

The U.S.S Constitution is the oldest commissioned ship in the United States Navy today. The U.S.S Constitution enjoys a rich history forged in battle. From the time it was commissioned the Constitution has become deeply ingrained in our American history. The battle of 1812 earned the U.S.S Constitution the nick name old Iron Sides. Today The U.S.S Constitution stands as an iconic image of American history. In the latter part of the 1700’s, United States merchant ships were being attacked by the Barbary pirates. Their crew and cargo were held for ransom. This forced the United States to write the Naval act of 1794. This act called for the construction of twenty-two vessels to be built. The stipulation was the construction would be halted if the Barbary Pirates ceased attacking United States merchant vessels. For a short period of time they did so. However President George Washington insisted on the continuation of construction of these vessels.
The United States Constitution had it’s maiden voyage and was ordered to protect merchant ships in a quasi-war with France. The U.S.S Constitution has been involved in many major conflicts in a variety of capacities. During the Battle of Tripoli Harbor the Constitution served as gun support vessel. The squadron of newly commissioned ships defeated the Tripoline ships. On June third a peace treaty with Tripoli was forged on the deck of the U.S.S Constitution and finalized on August of 1805. The Battle of 1812 showcased the architectural superiority of the Constitution. On the day of August 19th the U.S.S Constitution came into conflict with the H.M.S Guerriere . This was to be the illustrious battle that earned the Constitution the nick name “Old Iron Sides “. The two ships collided during combat. The Guerriere crossed bows with the Constitution and opened fire with its 22 cannons. Much to the horror of the Guerriere’s crew most of the cannon balls deflected off the side of the Constitution. This lead to a gunners mate of the Constitution declaring “Her Sides are made of Iron”. The fact was the Constitutions sides were not in fact made of Iron but a new Architectural design provided more armament . When the Naval act of 1794 was drafted, Naval architect Joshua Humphries designed a new type of war ship that was narrower on the inside but its sides where thicker and the bow was longer to provide more speed. This design was chosen by President George Washington and incorporated into six other ships. That same year The U.S.S. Constitution earned a victorius reputation defeating five British vessels. The HMS Guerriere was the first, the next was the HMS Java off the coast of Brazil. In similar fashion to the HMS Guerriere , HMS Java engaged and became stuck on the constitution and continued firing . The end result was the same the HMS Java was destroyed and burnt at sea. Word Spread of their victory and on Aug 18th the HMS Cyne and Levant engaged the U.S.S Constitution off the coast of Bermuda . The Constitution out maneuvered both war ships and returned fire. It was later discovered the Constitution had tweleve 32 pound cannon balls embedded in its hull none penetrated it. Both vessels surrendered and were captured. The U.S.S Constitution continued to serve as flagship in the Mediterranean and African squadrons, and circled the world in the 1840s. During the American Civil War, she served as a training ship for the United States Naval Academy. She carried US artwork and industrial displays to the Paris Exposition of 1878.

Retired from active service in 1881, Constitution served as a receiving ship until designated a museum ship in 1907. In 1934 she completed a three-year, 90-port tour of the nation. Constitution sailed under her own power for her 200th birthday in 1997, and again in August 2012, to commemorate the 200th anniversary of her victory over Guerriere.

Constitution's stated mission today is to promote understanding of the Navy's role in war and peace through educational outreach, historic demonstration, and active participation in public events. As a fully commissioned US Navy ship, her crew of 60 officers and sailors participate in ceremonies, educational programs, and special events while keeping the ship open to visitors year round and providing free tours. The officers and crew are all active-duty US Navy personnel and the assignment is considered special duty in the Navy. Traditionally, command of the vessel is assigned to a Navy Commander. Constitution is berthed at Pier 1 of the former Charlestown Navy Yard, at one end of Boston's Freedom Trail.

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