FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
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“Manila Zoological & Botanical Garden:
An Assessment of Facilities and Services”

--------------------------------------------------

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in
Tourism Research Methods and Techniques

Acio, Jessa Mae M.
Agustin, Resurreccion F. Jr.
Huang, Ya-Hui E.
Magante, Maean V.
Martin, Ma. Rizza Veronica G.
Pacupac, Kyla Ann Marie O.

Gladys B. Nocon

March 2015

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APPROVAL SHEET
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree BACHELOR OF
SCIENCE IN TOURISM MANAGEMENT, this tourism research paper entitled “Manila
Zoological & Botanical Garden: An Assessment of Facilities and Services,” prepared and submitted by Jessa Mae M. Acio, Resurreccion F. Agustin Jr., Ya-Hui E. Huang, Maean
V. Magante, Ma. Rizza Veronica G. Martin, and Kyla Ann Marie O. Pacupac, is hereby recommended for submission for the Oral Presentation.

_________________________
Adviser

Approved by the Research Committee for the Oral Examination conducted on
______________________________ (date) with the grade of __________ %.

THE RESEARCH AND PANEL COMMITTEE

______________________________
Chairman

____________________
Member

____________________
Member

Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR
OF SCIENCE IN TOURISM MANAGEMENT.

_________________________
Dean

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CERTIFICATION
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree BACHELOR OF
SCIENCE IN TOURISM MANAGEMENT, this tourism research paper entitled “Manila
Zoological & Botanical Garden: An Assessment of Facilities and Services,” prepared and submitted by Jessa Mae M. Acio, Resurreccion F. Agustin Jr., Ya-Hui E. Huang, Maean
V. Magante, Ma. Rizza Veronica G. Martin, and Kyla Ann Marie O. Pacupac, was proofread and edited by the undersigned.

______________________________
Faculty, English Department
Institute of Arts and Science

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The researchers would like to express the sincerest and deepest appreciation to their families for supporting them financially and morally on working on this research paper; their professor, Ms. Gladys B. Nocon, for guiding them on precise ways to accomplish this research paper; their adviser, Abril Grace M. Sacueza, MSTM, for unselfishly sharing with them her knowledge to be applied in their study; their statistician, Dr. Victor T. Tabuzo, for helping them on collecting, analyzing, and interpreting the results of the data from the questionnaire survey, their grammarian, Mr.
Mikhail Alic C. Go, for proofreading their work and correcting their grammatical use of words and language, the interviewee, Atty. Jasyrr J. Garcia, the assistant director of
Manila Zoo, for willingly accepting their request of conducting an interview with her, all the respondents, including zoo visitors, zoo staff, and the administrators of Manila Zoo, for patiently spending their ample time to take the questionnaire survey, and lastly, the electronic resources, such as EBSCOhost, Manila Zoological and Botanical Garden under official government site of Manila City, etc., for providing them some useful information that pertains to their study.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE

Approval Sheet

i

Certification

ii

Acknowledgment

iii

Table of Contents

iv

List of Tables and Figures

vi

Abstract

vii

I.

Introduction
1. Background of the Study
2. Statement of the Problem

5

4. Theoretical Framework

6

5. Conceptual Framework

8

6. Scope and Limitation

9

7. Significance of the Study

10

8. Definition of Terms

III.

3

3. Research Objectives

II.

1

11

Review of Related Literature

12

Research Methodology
1. Research Design

17

2. Research Locale

18

3. Population and Sampling Design

19

4. Research Instrumentation

20

5. Data Gathering Procedure

21

6. Statistical Analysis Procedure
7. Ethical Consideration

IV.

V.

22
23

Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data

24

Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation

34

References

40

Appendices
Appendix A

Comparative Number of Manila Zoo Visitors

44

(2011~2012)
Appendix B

Comparative Number of Manila Zoo Visitors

45

(2013~2014)

Curriculum Vitae

46

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PAGE
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1

Butler’s Model of Tourism Destination Life Cycle (1980)

7

Figure 1.2

Circulation among Input, Process, Output, and Feedback

8

of Visitors

LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1

Demographic Profile of the Visitors of Manila Zoo

24

Table 4.2

Demographic Profile of the Zoo Staff and Administrators

25

of Manila Zoo
Table 4.3

Assessment of the Respondents on the Facilities of Manila

26

Zoo in Terms of Maintenance
Table 4.4

Assessment of the Respondents on the Facilities of Manila

27

Zoo in Terms of Safety
Table 4.5

Assessment of the Respondents on the Facilities of Manila

29

Zoo in Terms of Attractiveness
Table 4.6

Assessment of the Respondents on the Services of Manila

30

Zoo in Terms of Hospitality
Table 4.7

Assessment of the Respondents on the Services of Manila

31

Zoo in Terms of Responsibility
Table 4.8

Problems Encountered by the Respondents on the Facilities

32

of Manila Zoo
Table 4.9

Problems Encountered by the Respondents on the Services of Manila Zoo

33

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ABSTRACT
This study aimed to (a) determine the factors that affect visitors’ interests in going to Manila Zoo, (b) investigate what improvement are needed to be done in Manila Zoo, and lastly, (c) question what the problems are encountered by the respondents with the facilities and services offered by Manila Zoo.

In this paper, the researchers assessed the facilities and services being offered in
Manila Zoological and Botanical Garden to go a step further to know what factors have seriously affected visitors’ decisions as a result of recent decreasing number of visitors.
The assessment on facilities includes (a) maintenance, (b) safety, and (c) attractiveness, whereas the one on services involves (a) hospitability and (b) responsibility.

In the end, the researchers were able to provide useful data and helpful recommendations in order to recapture old visitors as well as attract new visitors to make
Manila Zoo as prosperous as how it used to be or even more. At the same time, such a project will also bring a very big benefit to boost the growth in tourism industry with its possibility of being as an iconic tourist attraction within the district.

Keywords: zoological park, botanical garden, assessment, facilities, services

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CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

1.1

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

A zoo can be named as a zoological park, zoological garden, or menagerie, a facility in which animals are confined within enclosures, displayed to the public, and in which they may also be bred. Zoological garden is related to zoology, the study of animals. The abbreviation "zoo" was first used in the London Zoological Gardens which opened for scientific study in 1828 and to the public in 1857. The number of major animal collections open to the public around the world now exceeds 1,000, with 80% of them found in cities. A zoo can be subdivided into several types, such as safari park, aquarium, roadside zoo, petting zoo, animal theme park, and the like.

A safari park is also known as a wildlife park, a zoo-like commercial tourist attraction where visitors can drive in their own vehicles or ride in the ones provided by the facility to observe freely roaming animals. An aquarium, on the other hand, is a vivarium consisting of at least one transparent side in which water-dwelling plants or animals are kept. While a roadside zoo is a small, unregulated, for-profit zoo, often intended to attract visitors to some other facility, such as a gas station. Whereas a petting zoo is also known as a petting farm or children's zoo which features a combination of domestic animals and wild species that are docile enough to touch and feed. Lastly, an animal theme park is a combination of a theme park and zoological park mainly for entertainment, amusement and commercial purposes.

In the Philippines, there are a total of 46 zoos: 8 in National Capital Region, which includes Manila Zoo, 2 in Region I, 4 in Region III, 8 in Region IV–A, 4 in Region
IV–B, 1 in Region V, 4 in Region VI, 10 in Region VII, 1 in Region VIII, 1 in Region X, and 3 in Region XI.

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According to the official government site of Manila City, Manila Zoo, being the oldest zoological park in Asia, opened on July 25, 1959. The main attraction of Manila
Zoo is Mali, an elephant from Sri Lanka, the only captive elephant in the Philippines.
Manila Zoo has a land area of 5.5 hectares and has a current population of about 500 animals. There is also a kinder zoo for children to be able to play with the animals. There is also a boat ride that serves as an attraction for visitors who want to ride a boat in a small pond in the zoo. Moreover, there are also other facilities like horseback riding, picture taking booth, food stalls for visitors, visitor’s area and souvenir store.

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1.2

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Manila Zoo and Botanical Garden used to receive millions of visitors every year according to the statistics recorded in 2007. It was especially popular with visitors on weekends. However, as the number of visitors decreased recently, such a potential tourist attraction has gradually got neglected by most of them. And the following questions are to be considered in order to solve such a serious issue happening to Manila Zoo:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents?


Visitors:
1) Age
2) Gender
3) Frequency of visits to Manila Zoo



Zoo Staff and Administrators:
1) Age
2) Gender
3) No. of years of working in Manila Zoo

2. What is the assessment of the respondents of the facilities of Manila Zoo in terms of: 1) Maintenance
2) Safety
3) Attractiveness

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3. What is the assessment of the respondents of the services of Manila Zoo in terms of: 1) Hospitability
2) Responsibility

4. What are the problems encountered by the respondents with the facilities and services offered by Manila Zoo?

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1.3

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

This paper aims to assess facilities and services being offered in Manila Zoo for the researchers to know what changes have been brought in visitors’ decisions as a result of their recent decreasing number. By this, the researchers are required to achieve the objectives indicated below:
1. To determine the factors that affect visitors’ interests in going to Manila Zoo.

2. To investigate what improvements are needed to be done in Manila Zoo.

3. To question what the problems are encountered by the respondents with the facilities and services offered by Manila Zoo.

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1.4

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
In order for the researchers to support this paper, Butler’s Model of Tourism

Destination Life Cycle (1980) may be useful. Its key concept is dynamism – destinations change over time, and there are triggers or factors that bring about change in a destination. There is a common process for development of tourist destinations, and there are limits to growth. If the demand for visits is more than the capacity of the destination, the number of visitors will decrease and subsequently decline.

However, it can only be used for long-term view. There is a need to look ahead for 50 years rather than 5 years to avoid the failures suggested by the model. It also has a spatial component in that there is a possibility that tourists will go elsewhere as the destination declines. Lastly, this model is acceptable universally because it can be applied to all destinations.
In Butler’s Model of Tourism Life Cycle (1980), there are seven stages involved, namely ‘exploration’; ‘involvement’; ‘development’; ‘consolidation’; ‘stagnation’;
‘decline’; and ‘rejuvenation’. The chart indicated on the next page depicts how the number of tourists affects the changes of time:

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Figure 1.1 – Butler’s Model of Tourism Destination Life Cycle (1980). Its key concept is dynamism, wherein destinations change over time, and there are triggers or factors that bring about change in a destination. Despite this model is acceptable universally because it can be applied to all destinations, it’s better to use it for a longterm view, wherein there is a need to look ahead for 50 years rather than 5 years to avoid the failures of the interpretation.
According to the book ‘Ecotourism’ by David Weaver, “a destination begins in the ‘exploration’ stage, which is characterized by a small visitor intake but no formal tourism system. Local responses to this incipient tourism flow inaugurate the
‘involvement’ stage, which soon progresses to ‘development’ and concomitant rapid growth as new markets take advantage of the opening of the destination. It is during the mature development phase that critical environmental and sociocultural thresholds are exceeded, leading to ‘consolidation’, ‘stagnation’, and eventually ‘decline’ if no remedial measures are taken. Conversely, if such measures are taken, the destination may experience ‘rejuvenation’.”

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1.5

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

INPUT

PROCESS

• Facilities
• Services

•
•
•
•
•

Maintenance
Safety
Attractiveness
Hospitality
Responsibility

OUTPUT
• Visitors's
Satisfaction
• Rejuvenation
• Rehabilitation
• Recovery

FEEDBACK OF VISITORS

Figure 1.2

Circulation among Input, Process, Output, and Feedback of Visitors

The researchers’ conceptual framework was to implement the rejuvenation project as the goal of the study. The input or the basis of the study was the facilities and services offered by Manila Zoo. And the factors considered in the assessment were (a) maintenance; (b) safety; (c) attractiveness of the facilities; (d) hospitability; and (e) responsibility of the services that are to be evaluated by the respondents. Through such an assessment, Manila Zoo can use it as a reference to know if the visitors were satisfied with its offered facilities and services. If they were unsatisfied, Manila Zoo could use this framework to know the points to consider as to the certain factors they need to improve.

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1.6

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

The researchers were recommended to gather the information within the district wherein Manila Zoo is situated to make their researches timely and effective. Researchers gathered data from citizens around Malate District and visitors by surveying them, electronic resources, the staff involved in the management of Manila Zoo, tourism department inside Manila City Hall, and even other tourism-related institutes by conducting interviews from December 2014 to March 2015.

This study focused on Manila Zoo where the researchers had an assessment on facilities and services in order to determine the causes of the decreasing number of visitors and find out what Manila Zoo lacked based on the analysis of the assessment.

There will be a number of archival researches that had to be performed in different institutions, such as the National Library of the Philippines, and FEU Library for book and thesis references that helped the researchers complete the study. Data was also collected through online journals from EBSCOhost and web-published journals since the Internet offers a wide variety of references from different places internationally and locally. Besides, this study focused more on determining Manila Zoo’s needs for improvement and the references that are related to the study being done.

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1.7

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research paper had not only academically fulfilled the researchers with the completion of requirements in their major subject of their program, but also gave some advantages to the local citizens within the district, local government, staff involved in management of Manila Zoo, visitors / tourists, and even students.

The list indicated below shows those that benefited in this research paper:
1. Manila Zoo – For its management to improve and revive to be able to entice the new generation of visitors and determine its problems and provide solutions for the destination. The researchers hope that these solutions will help not only in the present but in the long run.
2. Community – For its local citizens to increase awareness of Manila Zoo and encourage them to participate in the improvement and preservation of Manila Zoo as a tourist attraction. It is also to give pride to the community as having Manila
Zoo as their attraction and be able to convey that Manila Zoo has a role to be played in their community.
3. Researchers – To contribute to the study of the destination and be able to use and apply their knowledge and skills in the field of research. The researchers aim to help the whole student body to be able to use this research as an adaptation or reference in doing research in the same field.

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1.8

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Assessment Identifying the different factors contributing to the satisfaction of visitors.
Attractive Factor that makes visitors come in a destination.
Botanical Garden A large area in Manila Zoo where plants are displayed for public viewing. Captive Breeding The process of keeping and taking care of animals in Manila Zoo.
Decline A stage in Butler’s Model that indicates the downfall of a destination; current situation of Manila zoo.
Demographic The division of a large group of visitors according to certain factors that are visiting Manila zoo.
Facilities What is being assessed in the study; the resources being used by visitors.
Maintenance The process of keeping the facilities effective & attractive.
Rejuvenation A stage in Butler’s Model that indicates increasing number of tourist in a destination; goal of the study for Manila zoo.
Respondents Visitors asked to answer the questionnaire about their experience in Manila
Zoo.
Safety Security and feeling of being safe in Manila zoo.
Services What is being assessed in the study; performed by staff & management of zoo.
Visitor’s Satisfaction Evaluation of visitors on their experience in Manila zoo.
Zoological Park Where animals are being taken care of and enjoyed by the visitors; location of study; where the assessment will take place.

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CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
According to Manila City’s website, on July 25, 1959, the Manila Zoological and
Botanical Garden opened its doors to the public. It served as an educational and recreational facility for the young and old people to enjoy. It was also known as the first
Zoo ever built in Asia. It has a land area of 5.5 hectares and a population of more than
500 animals.

Zoological Parks like Manila Zoo played a vital role in educating the public about animals and their behaviors. Through the zoos, people got to interact with them and also know them by seeing them live and actual. Therefore, zoological parks must have had their ways on how to take care of the animals in there and how to maintain their facilities for the public to continuously enjoy their offered educational and recreational purpose as a zoo.

Zoos were built because of the interest in exotic animals and their behaviors. The concept of charging entrance fees was to support the zoo’s collection and education activities. Therefore, these collected funds must also be incorporated and used for the betterment of the said facility. The measurement of effectiveness of the management of fund collection must reflect on the visitor’s satisfaction and the present condition of the animals in the zoo.

Zoos quickly became sites for recreation and leisure, roles which continue today.
Indeed, it is the leisure and recreational opportunities offered by zoos and wildlife tourism activities that account for much of their ongoing popularity (Woods, 1998;
Turley, 1999). However, since the 1960s the focus of zoos had shifted from one of recreation to one of conservation as zoos had become increasingly aware of the importance of ensuring the survival of an ever growing list of threatened and endangered

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species (Ebersole, 2001).

Zoos also served as a form of museum (Hudson 1990). The major difference between zoos and other forms of museum lied in the fact that the zoos exhibits are living
(Davis 1996). The similarities of zoos and other forms of museums were essentially educational in purpose, presence of professional staff, frequently non-profit making, and conservation of tangible objects that were exhibited to the public (Mason 2000). In line with this, various authors have presented their opinions on the roles of the zoo. According to Alexander (1992), “A zoo contains a collection of labeled animals to be protected and studied while incidentally providing enlightenment and enjoyment”. The roles of the zoo are amusement, education, scientific research and species preservation (Jamieson 1985).

In connection to this, the distribution and location of zoos developed a way of calculating zoo popularity in terms of the species kept within a collection, and investigate the factors related to visitor numbers regarding admission costs, popularity of the collection in terms of the species kept and local demographic factors (Whitworth, 2012).

There might be criticisms involving the establishment of zoos, especially since it is a sensitive issue to animal rights organizations. These organizations told people that zoos only provide them with the distorted view of wildlife. Visitors do not see the animals’ natural behavior because their natural needs – space, exercise, privacy and mental stimulation were not met. They just wait to be fed and basically slept the whole day. Some animals of the zoo were often kidnapped from the wild leading to zoo choices.
This was when animals were driven ‘mad’ by captivity (Dela Cruz, 2010).

Contradicting this issue, there is a well-known process being used today to save and cater for endangered species. This is called ‘Captive breeding’. It is the process of

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breeding rare or endangered species in human controlled environments with restricted settings, such as preservation of wildlife. Zoos offer its arms to shelter these species and other conservation facilities. Captive breeding in zoos are meant to save species from going extinct. It is supposed to stabilize the population of the species so it is no longer at risk for disappearing (Pantaleon, 2012).

In lieu to this, a sufficient number of appropriately qualified staff devoted to care and exhibition of the animals will be in daily attendance and present during all publicviewing times. More-over, the animal exhibit will not be used primarily to attract spectators, to promote sale of a product or service unrelated to the appreciation of animals or other wildlife (Exhibited Animals Protection Act 1986, 2010).

When zoo visitors get to interact with the animals, they gain more knowledge and come to learn and understand more of the animals’ behavior. The visitors are an important component of zoo maintenance, without them, zoos may shut down because funds are not available to keep the zoo from closing down. Therefore, actions must be taken towards the maintenance and Manila Zoological & Botanical Garden – An
Assessment on Facilities and Services improvement of the Manila zoo for the visitor’s satisfaction and the welfare of the animals.

Zoos communicate conservation messages to visitors (Heimlich, 2008). These also provide not only educational and entertainment to the visitors, but also raise awareness about the animals condition and current status in the environment. It teaches the visitors to give importance on these living things and becomes a part in taking care of them and acknowledges animals as those that are living with us on Earth.

In addition to this, zoos are tasked with providing environmental education

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programming that will appeal to, engage, and educate broad audiences with different learning styles, different background knowledge, and different motivations for attending
(Yocco, 2011). While these are what people come to zoo for, their facilities and amenities must also fit their needs and wants.

People come to zoos with prior knowledge about it. Various educational techniques can have the potential to positively influence visitors’ behavior, experience, learning, and knowledge gained at Manila Zoo. The activities to be held inside the zoo, the amenities and facilities inside it could be one of the factors that would help the visitors to be educated while they visit it.

Understanding customers’ satisfaction and preferences is basic as it is important to meet their level. Being receptive to suggestion and comments of the visitors is also another ground for their satisfaction. Gathering data from them about these issues will be of help to know if they are satisfied and what the facility could do just to extend to the visitors. Since they are also the one of the stockholders of the attraction, then their satisfaction must be met and considered.

There are a set of guidelines that outline the 10 basic rules of customer satisfaction that a company should follow: (a) Involve top management, not just middle or lower-level managers with customer satisfaction; (b) Know your internal and external customers and what is important to them; (c) Let your customers define what attributes are important to them regarding what you can deliver; (d) Know the customers’ necessary requirements, what they realistically expect, and what they would want but don’t actually expect; (e) Know the relative importance of the separate attributes of the total service experience; (f) Gather valid and reliable data; (g) Benchmark yourself against a comparable competitor; (h) Put plans into action; and (i) Continually assess customers

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and make the results known company-wide. (j) Commit to ever improving of services
(Naumann, pp 140-149, 1995).

These guidelines will help in determining what needs to be done to reach customers’ satisfaction. Their satisfaction does not only rely on the attractions and facilities, but also on the management of the zoological park. Experts believe that it takes both the customer and employee to achieve a measure of satisfaction. Personnel play an important role and customer evaluation data are the real report card against which satisfaction is measured (Noe, 1999).

Customer satisfaction must always be considered, especially in managing tourist attractions. Manila Zoo, being a national tourist attraction, must always be updated of the current status of the facility to the visitors, if they are satisfied or dissatisfied. The only people that could have an answer to the question if the attraction still have the power to attract visitors and get them to go there is the visitors themselves because they are the one who pays and experience what the zoo offers.

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CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1

RESEARCH DESIGN

This study used descriptive type of research design to determine the factors that affect visitors’ interests in going to Manila Zoo. First, to investigate what improvements are needed to be done in Manila Zoo. Second, to question what the problems are encountered by the respondents with the facilities and services offered by Manila Zoo.

The researchers used quantitative type of research method to collect, measure, analyze, and summarize the numerical data that were gathered by means of questionnaire survey type of research instrumentation.

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3.2

RESEARCH LOCALE

This study was conducted at Manila Zoological and Botanical Park, which is often abbreviated as Manila Zoo. It is a 5.5-hectare or 14-acre zoo that is situated at
Adriatico Street, Malate (District V), Manila City, Metro Manila, National Capital
Region, Philippines and opened on 25th of July, 1959.

Manila Zoo is home to more than 832 animals from nearly 100 species as of 2007.
The zoo's most popular resident is Mali, an Asian elephant who arrived at the zoo in 1977 as 3 year old calf transported from Sri Lanka, after being poached from the wild. It is also home to many plant collections, from the botanically rich and diverse Philippine Islands and South Pacific region

Besides, Manila Zoo has a wildlife rescue center which serves as a temporary shelter and repository for confiscated, donated, retrieved, sick, injured, and abandoned wildlife species and has been the subject of public scrutiny with regard to their animal welfare standards. It operates in accordance with the Animal Welfare Act of 1998, which is also known as Republic Act 8485, and its purpose is to ensure that all terrestrial, aquatic and marine animals in the Philippines have their physical and psychological needs met in ways that promote well-being.

Recently, Manila Zoo was criticized due to its inadequate animal care and dirty surroundings. However, the zoo is responding with efforts to make the animal habitats as comfortable and natural as possible such as by adding trees and vegetation as well as expanding the enclosures. There is even a campaign called Mali the Elephant PETA
(People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) which reported numerous issues about
Mali, the only elephant in Manila Zoo and in the Philippines, being kept in captivity.

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3.3

POPULATION AND SAMPLING DESIGN

This study used quota sampling type of nonprobability sampling design to have a questionnaire survey with 100 respondents in Manila Zoo. Among 100 respondents, there are 50 visitors, 25 zoo staff, and 25 administrators of Manila Zoo. And the visitors were further divided into 25 females and 25 males.

The questionnaire survey was equally distributed into the following facilities of
Manila Zoo, where 5 visitors and 2 to 3 zoo staff were picked in each facility:

1. Big Dome
2. Tiger Cage
3. Big Mammal Cage
4. Crocodile Cage
5. African Veldt Cage
6. Reptile House
7. Adjacent Aviary
8. New Aviary
9. Lagoon Cage
10. Goose Cage

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3.4

RESEARCH INSTRUMENTATION

The researchers come up with a three-page questionnaire with a total of 35 questions, and 5 questions in each aspect of facilities in terms of maintenance, safety, and attractiveness, services in terms of hospitality and responsibility, and whatever problems the respondents had ever encountered inside the zoo with regard to the facilities and services offered by Manila Zoo separately for zoo visitors and zoo management such as the zoo staff and administrators of Manila Zoo.

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3.5

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

In the process of questionnaire survey, the researchers scattered themselves over the different facilities in Manila Zoo so that the researchers could save their time while proceeding it and, at the same time, the collected data could as well be more accurate with different segmentations of visitors taking the survey. As random people passed by, the researchers in different facilities asked them if they would like to participate in the study. Once they agreed, they were given the questionnaires to fill in. Upon the completion of every questionnaire, the researchers thanked them for being willing to spend ample time and able to conduct the survey.

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3.6

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

The data that was collected by the researchers through the questionnaire survey was analyzed by the statistician by using frequency distribution and weighted mean. This is so that they could easily present the findings and better interpret how the zoo visitors and the zoo management, such as zoo staff and administrators of Manila zoo, reacted to each specific statement being asked.

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3.7

ETHICAL CONSIDERATION

Participation in this study was fully voluntary and the information that the participants had provided in the questionnaires was all kept anonymous and confidential.
Agreement was purely verbal due to the insensitive content of the questionnaires. In the process of questionnaire survey, the researchers did not cause any disruption but with respect towards the visitors as well as the zoo management, such as the zoo staff and administrators of Manila Zoo.

The researchers dealt with the respondents with courtesy by carefully picking the right words to say. Also, the data that was presented in the interpretation of findings all came from the exact information that the respondents had provided.

This study does neither plagiarize any work of others nor harm the intellectual ownership of individuals. Furthermore, all the participants who were involved in this study were being acknowledged by providing correcting citation to at the same time make this research credible and knowledgeable.

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CHAPTER IV: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter contains information about the results of the study and the analysis and interpretation of data gathered with the use of the adapted statistical measures. The presentation includes a narrative discussion of the results and implications of the data gathered which are illustrated in tables.

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents?
1.1 Visitors:
1.1.1. Age
1.1.2. Gender
1.1.3. No. of Years Visiting to Manila Zoo
1.2 Zoo Staff and Administrators:
1.2.1 Age
1.2.2 Gender
1.2.3 Years of working in Manila Zoo

Table 4.1 – Demographic Profile of the Visitors of Manila Zoo

Profile
Frequency Percentage
Age
11 – 20 Years Old
19
38%
21 – 30 Years Old
18
36%
31 – 40 Years Old
3
6%
41 – 50 Years Old
9
18%
More than 50 Years old
1
2%
TOTAL
50
100%
Gender
Male
25
50%
Female
25
50%
TOTAL
50
100%

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Frequency of Visiting to Manila Zoo
First Time
Once a week, month, and year
Every 2 – 3 Years
Every 4 – 7 Years
Every 8 – 10 Years
TOTAL

17 34%
13 26%
4
8%
13 26%
3
6%
50 100%

Table 1 shows that, in the age aspect, the zoo visitors as respondents of the questionnaire survey were mostly 11~20 years old, followed by 21~30, 41~50, 31~40, and more than 50 years old. While in the gender phase, the number of females was equal to the number of males. Lastly, in the part of frequency of visiting to Manila Zoo, the zoo visitors as respondents of the questionnaire survey mostly went to Manila Zoo for the first time, and the number of those who visited Manila Zoo once a week, month, and year was equal to the number of whom visit Manila Zoo every 4~7 years, followed by every
2~3 years and every 8~10 years.

Table 4.2 – Demographic Profile of the Zoo Staff and Administrators of Manila Zoo
Profile
Age
21 – 30 Years Old
31 – 40 Years Old
41 – 50 Years Old
51 – 60 Years Old
TOTAL
Gender
Male
Female
TOTAL
No. of Years Working in Manila Zoo
1 – 10 years
11 – 20 years
21 – 30 years
More than 30 years
TOTAL

Zoo Staff
Administrator
Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage
14
56%
2
8%
3
12%
6
34%
5
2%
8
32%
3
12%
9
36%
25
100%
25
100%
13
12
25

52%
48%
100%

12
13
25

48%
52%
100%

25

100%

25

100%

8
6
8
3
25

32%
24%
32%
12%
100%

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Table 2 shows that the number of zoo staff and administrators of Manila Zoo as respondents of the questionnaire survey was equal; in the age aspect, the zoo staff were mostly 21~30 years old, followed by 41~50 years old, and the number of those who were
31~40 years old was equal to those who were 51~60 years old; while the administrators of Manila Zoo were mostly 51~60 years old, followed by 41~50, 31~40, and 21~30 years old. Whereas in the gender phase, the male zoo staff were more than the female ones, while the male administrators of Manila Zoo were less than the female ones. Lastly, in the part of number of years working in Manila Zoo, all the zoo staff had been working in
Manila Zoo for 1~10 years, while the administrators of Manila Zoo had mostly been working in Manila Zoo for 1~10 and 21~30 years, followed by 11~20 and more than 30 years. 2.

What is the assessment of the respondents of the facilities of Manila Zoo in terms of: 2.1 Maintenance
2.2 Safety
2.3 Attractiveness
Table 4.3 – Assessment of the Respondents on the
Facilities of Manila Zoo in Terms of Maintenance

MAINTENANCE
1. The food stalls inside the zoo are wellpositioned.
2. The toilet facilities inside the zoo are regularly inspected and cleaned by the zoo staff especially at busy times.
3. The maintenance of facilities inside the zoo is scheduled timely and orderly.

Visitors
WM VI

Staff
WM VI

Administrator
WM
VI

3.82

O

4.12

O

4.08

O

3.88

O

4.36

O

4.64

A

3.76

O

4.04

O

4.12

O

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4. The facilities inside the zoo are repainted once the color of some of their parts fades away.
5. The facilities inside the zoo are repaired once there are defects that are noticed by either the zoo visitors or staff.
Composite Mean
Legend:

3.40

S

3.40

S

3.44

S

3.28

O

3.68

O

3.56

O

3.63

O

3.92

O

3.99

O

Weight

Range

Verbal Interpretation

1

1.00-1.49

Not at all (N)

2

1.50-2.49

Rarely (R)

3

2.50-3.49

Sometimes (S)

4

3.50-4.49

Often (O)

5

4.50-5.00

Always (A)

Table 3 shows that, in the first, third, and fifth statements of assessment on facilities of Manila Zoo in terms of Maintenance, most of the respondents rated as often; in the second statement, most of the administrators rated as always, while most of the zoo visitors and staff rated as often; lastly, in the fourth statement, most of the respondents rated as sometimes; Therefore, most of the respondents had fewer problems with the second statement but more problems with the fourth one. Overall, the administrators had the highest ratings at the maintenance aspect of facilities of Manila Zoo, followed by the zoo staff and zoo visitors.

Table 4.4 – Assessment of the Respondents on the Facilities of Manila Zoo in Terms of Safety

SAFETY
1. The danger signs are well-sign posted.

Visitors
WM VI
3.98 O

Staff
WM VI
4.32 O

Administrator
WM
VI
3.96
O

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2. The zoo offers some supportive facilities exclusively for the minority group, such as children, pregnant women, disables, senior citizens, etc.
3. All the areas of the zoo are easily accessible for wheelchairs and carriages.
4. The zoo visitors are being kept at a certain distance from getting harmed by some aggressive animals.
5. There are medical assistants around whenever the zoo visitors are in emergency. Composite Mean
Legend:

3.66

O

3.88

O

3.92

O

3.32

S

3.20

S

3.32

S

4.18

O

4.44

O

4.52

A

3.10

S

3.84

O

4.44

O

3.65

O

3.94

O

4.03

O

Weight

Range

Verbal Interpretation

1

1.00-1.49

Not at all (N)

2

1.50-2.49

Rarely (R)

3

2.50-3.49

Sometimes (S)

4

3.50-4.49

Often (O)

5

4.50-5.00

Always (A)

Table 4 shows that, in the first and second statements of assessment on facilities of Manila Zoo in terms of safety, most of the respondents rated as often; in the third statement, most of the respondents rated as sometimes; in the fourth statement, most of the administrators rated as always, while most of the zoo visitors and staff rated as often; lastly, in the fifth statement, most of the zoo visitors rated as sometimes, while the zoo staff and administrators rated as often. Therefore, most of the respondents had fewer problems with the fourth statement but more problems with the third one. Overall, the administrators had the highest ratings at the safety aspect of facilities of Manila Zoo, followed by the zoo staff and zoo visitors.

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Table 4.5 – Assessment of the Respondents on the
Facilities of Manila Zoo in Terms of Attractiveness
Visitors
WM VI

ATTRACTIVENESS
1. There are sufficient children’s play and rest areas around the zoo.
2. The main attractions of the zoo are clearly indicated.
3. The layouts of the zoo are wellorganized.
4. The viewing areas allow a clear view to the animals and are good for photography. 5. The zoo holds an animal exhibit regularly to attract zoo visitors and entertain them through various programs. Composite Mean
Legend:

Staff
WM VI

4.20

O

4.40

O

4.72

A

3.84

O

3.88

O

4.24

O

3.88

O

4.16

O

4.16

O

3.94

O

3.92

O

4.32

O

3.42

S

3.44

S

3.40

S

3.86

O

3.96

O

4.17

O

Weight

Range

Verbal Interpretation

1

1.00-1.49

Not at all (N)

2

1.50-2.49

Rarely (R)

3

2.50-3.49

Sometimes (S)

4

3.50-4.49

Often (O)

5

4.50-5.00

Administrator
WM
VI

Always (A)

Tables 5 shows that, in the first statement of assessment on facilities of Manila
Zoo in terms of attractiveness, most of the administrators rated as always, while most of the zoo visitors and staff rated as often; in the second, third, and fourth statements, most of the respondents rated as often; lastly, in the fifth statement, most of the respondents rated as sometimes. Therefore, the respondents have fewer problems with the first statement but more problems with the fifth one. Overall, the administrators had the highest ratings at the attractiveness aspect of facilities of Manila Zoo, followed by the zoo staff and zoo visitors.

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3.

What is the assessment of the respondents of the services of Manila Zoo in terms of:
3.1 Hospitability
3.2 Responsibility

Table 4.6 – Assessment of the Respondents on the
Services of Manila Zoo in Terms of Hospitality

HOSPITALITY
1. The zoo staff is helpful when providing the needs of the zoo visitors.
2. The zoo staff is friendly when greeting the zoo visitors.
3. The zoo staff is approachable whenever the zoo visitors ask something from them.
4. The zoo staff doesn’t lose satisfaction from the zoo visitors.
5. The children are well-entertained by the zoo staff to make sure that they are happy during their visit in the zoo.
Composite Mean
Legend:

Visitors
WM
VI

Staff
WM VI

3.24

S

4.28

O

4.44

O

2.06

R

4.20

O

4.40

O

3.16

S

4.40

O

4.36

O

3.06

S

4.24

O

4.54

A

3.38

S

4.20

O

3.96

O

2.98

S

4.26

O

4.34

O

Weight

Range

Verbal Interpretation

1

1.00-1.49

Not at all (N)

2

1.50-2.49

Rarely (R)

3

2.50-3.49

Sometimes (S)

4

3.50-4.49

Often (O)

5

4.50-5.00

Always (A)

Administrator
WM
VI

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Table 6 shows that, in the first, third, and fifth statements of assessment on services of Manila Zoo in terms of hospitability, most of the zoo visitors rated as sometimes, while most of the zoo staff and administrators rated as often; in the second statement, most of the zoo visitors rated as rarely, while most of the zoo staff and administrators rated as often; lastly, in the fourth statement, most of the zoo visitors rated as sometimes, most of the zoo visitors rated as often, and the administrators rated as always. Therefore, most of the respondents have fewer problems with the first statement but more problems with the second one based on their ratings. Overall, the administrators had the highest ratings at the hospitability aspect of services of Manila Zoo, while the zoo visitors have relatively low ratings at it.

Table 4.7 – Assessment of the Respondents on the
Services of Manila Zoo in Terms of Responsibility

RESPONSIBILITY
1. There are a lot of educational points in the zoo that are especially good for children, students, and as well as the researchers. 2. The zoo advertises its environmental conservation projects well to inspire the zoo visitors to get involved in them.
3. The zoo is doing right with the waste management. 4. The zoo is responsible for the custody of the pets.
5. The zoo staff is accountable whenever an incident happens inside the zoo.
Composite Mean

Visitors
WM VI

Staff
WM VI

Administrator
WM
VI

4.20

O

4.20

O

4.44

O

3.86

O

3.72

O

4.16

O

3.68

O

4.08

O

4.20

O

3.82

O

4.12

O

4.68

O

3.94

O

4.24

O

4.24

O

3.90

O

4.07

O

4.34

O

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Legend:

Weight

Range

Verbal Interpretation

1

1.00-1.49

Not at all (N)

2

1.50-2.49

Rarely (R)

3

2.50-3.49

Sometimes (S)

4

3.50-4.49

Often (O)

5

4.50-5.00

Always (A)

Table 7 shows that, in all the statements of assessment on services of Manila Zoo in terms of responsibility, most of the respondents rated as often. Therefore, the respondents had almost alike view towards the responsibility of services of Manila Zoo.
However, the administrators had the highest ratings at it, followed by the zoo staff and zoo visitors.

4.

What are the problems encountered by the respondents with the facilities and services offered by Manila Zoo?
Table 4.8 – Problems Encountered by the
Respondents on the Facilities of Manila Zoo

PROBLEMS
1. The zoo grounds, such as the walking paths, are not very clean.
2. The food stalls inside the zoo are surrounded with dirty environment.
3. The restrooms inside the zoo are not sanitized properly. 4. The parking spaces are insufficient.
5. The signs posts are not big, bright, and visible enough for the zoo visitors to notice.

Visitors
Rank

Staff
Rank

Administrators
Rank

1

4

3

5

2.5

5

4

5

4

3

1

2

2

2.5

1

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The Table 8 shows that the fifth statement is the problem that the respondents had encountered the most with regard to the facilities of Manila Zoo, followed by the fourth, first, second, and the third ones.
Table 4.9 – Problems Encountered by the
Respondents on the Services of Manila Zoo

PROBLEMS
1. The zoo staff is not professional enough when giving some certain information.
2. The food or beverage that is being offered by the food stalls inside the zoo doesn’t taste good. 3. The ticket prices are not reasonable.
4. The zoo staff doesn’t dress appropriately.
5. The zoo is not environmental-friendly enough in terms of management.

Visitors
Rank

Staff
Rank

Administrators
Rank

1

5

3

5

3.5

5

2
4

1
2

1
2

3

3.5

4

Table 9 shows that the third statement is the problem that the respondents had encountered the most with regard to the services of Manila Zoo, followed by the fourth, first, fifth, and second ones.

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CHAPTER V: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

SUMMARY
The researchers determined the factors that affect visitors’ interests in going to
Manila Zoo by first gathering the demographic profile of the respondents of questionnaire survey. Among the respondents, the visitors were mostly at the age of around 11~20, followed by 21~30, 41~50, 31~40, and more than 50, their genders were in equal number, and most of them went to Manila Zoo for the first time when they participated the questionnaire survey, and the number of whom visit Manila Zoo once a week, month, and year is equal to the number of whom visit Manila Zoo every 4~7 years, followed by every 2~3 years and every 8~10 years. Whereas the zoo staff were mostly at the age of around 21~30, followed by 41~50, and the numbers of whom were 31~40 and 51~60 years old are equal, males are more than females, and all of them have been working in
Manila Zoo for around 1~10 years. Lastly, the administrators of Manila Zoo were mostly at the age of 51~60, followed by 31~40, 41~50, and 21~30, males were less than females, and most of them have been working in Manila Zoo for around 1~10 and 21~30 years, followed by 11~20 years and more than 30 years.

In order to investigate what improvements are needed to be done in Manila Zoo, the researchers had the respondents evaluate the aspects of maintenance, safety, and attractiveness of facilities and hospitability and responsibility of services of Manila Zoo.
However, based on the results of data collected, in maintenance phase, the statement “the toilet facilities inside the zoo are regularly inspected and cleaned by the zoo staff especially at busy times” was rated as the highest while the statement “the facilities inside the zoo are repainted once the color of some of their parts fades away” was rated as the lowest by most of the respondents; in safety phase, the statement “the zoo visitors are being kept at a certain distance from getting harmed by some aggressive animals” was

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rated as the highest whereas the statement “all the areas of the zoo are easily accessible for wheelchairs and carriages” was rated as the lowest by most of the respondents; in attractiveness phase, the statement “there are sufficient children’s play and rest areas around the zoo” was rated as the highest while the statement “the zoo holds an animal exhibit regularly to attract zoo visitors and entertain them through various programs” was rated as the lowest by most of the respondents; and in responsibility of services, there is no obvious difference among the ratings of respondents since they had almost alike views towards such an aspect; in hospitability phase, the statement “the zoo staff doesn’t lose satisfaction from the zoo visitors” was rated as the highest while the statement “the zoo staff is friendly when greeting the zoo visitors” was rated as the lowest by most of the respondents; lastly, in responsibility phase, the statement “there are a lot of educational points in the zoo that are especially good for children, students, and as well as the researchers” was rated as the highest while the statement “the zoo advertises its environmental conservation projects well to inspire the zoo visitors to get involved in them” was rated as the lowest by most of the respondents.

On the other hand, to answer what were the problems that were encountered by the respondents with the facilities and services offered by Manila Zoo, the researchers enumerated some common issues that a zoo visitor may face. Based on the results of data collected, in facilities part, most of the respondents considered the problem “the signs posts are not big, bright, and visible enough for the zoo visitors to notice” as the most serious one while the problem “the restrooms inside the zoo are not sanitized properly” as the least serious one; and in services part, most of the respondents considered the problem “the ticket prices are not reasonable” as the most serious one while the problem
“the food or beverage that is being offered by the food stalls inside the zoo doesn’t taste good” as the least.

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In the questionnaire survey, the respondents optionally decided whether to leave some suggestions towards the facilities and services of Manila Zoo. A zoo visitor mentioned “They (Manila Zoo) must plant more trees for animals”, an administrator of
Manila Zoo stated “The zoo grounds are not suitable for wheelchairs as they are rough”, and a zoo staff and an administrator of Manila Zoo commented “Not good in services!”

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CONCLUSION


Even without asking any zoo visitor, a zoo staff or an administrator of Manila Zoo can attest that its place unquestionably smells bad. As the researchers wandered over the Manila Zoo, they observed that the smelliest part was the boat-riding area. -

Despite, there were still many visitors riding the boat there, they surely felt uncomfortable when they smelt such an odor as they rode across the river.
Besides, there were even many food stalls and canteens situated near that river which may cause a low quality of food and beverage to the customers who purchase them.



During every visit of the researchers, they observed that only a few or sometimes even no personnel at all that were cleaning the zoo grounds. And as they returned again to the same place after a long time, the trashes still remained there without being managed within a short while.



Additionally, the researchers observed from the photo booths inside the Manila
Zoo, the operators allowed the visitors to use or the photographers of the photo booths themselves used the flash of a camera inadequately when photo-shooting the visitors with some animals. Such an activity may eventually make the animals that were being photo-shot stressed and harmed.

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RECOMMENDATION


To position the food stalls and canteens in more hygienic areas.

-

The environment of a site can intensely affect how a visitor feels towards the ambiance during his/her visit and, most important of all, it may cause a domino effect wherein the nearby areas or facilities may as well be seriously affected. 

To hire more janitors / janitresses to further improve the cleanliness of not only inner but also outer surroundings of Manila Zoo.

-

The cleanliness of a site is the primary and most essential key to improve the image of the site, and such an improvement may eventually change how a visitor or tourist perceives it.



To implement stricter policies with regard to the animal care and avoid continuously doing whatever critical activity that can make the animals stressed and harmed to not make the animals die in their own habitats.

-

As a tourism entrepreneur, one must not only focus on the financial success of the company but also importantly be responsible for the environment and natural resources that are used as the products of the business.

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

To necessitate ticket agents and entrance attendants to put a smile on their faces all the time and be friendly as much as possible when being approached by the zoo visitors to make them feel that they are welcome and make plans of returning again in the future.

-

Since the first contact between the zoo visitors and Manila Zoo occurs at the ticket counter and entrance, this phase is crucial as the zoo’s first impression is imprinted in the mind of the zoo visitors, and a disastrous first impression is hard to recover as the zoo visitors will have a notion that all the services that they will receive will be bad from the start.



To create Manila Zoo’s own Website. However, it should not just be built under the official government site of Manila City to increase people’s awareness towards Manila Zoo. This is so that tourists would know what is happening in it and what the new facilities, services, and improvements that the establishment has done. It would also be more effective to promote the said zoo with the support of other social networking sites, such as Facebook fan page, Twitter, Tumblr,
Instagram, YouTube, etc.

-

Society nowadays mainly emphasizes the technology that has been upgraded further all over the world, year by year, and a business can hardly get as prosperous as others without implementing social media to attract more visitors. FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
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INSTITUTE OF TOURISM AND HOTEL MANAGEMENT

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FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF TOURISM AND HOTEL MANAGEMENT

to Conservation Messaging and Its Impact on Exhibit Design. IZE Journal,
48(4), 60-63.
Tomas, Stacy R., Crompton, John L., & Scott, David. (2003). Assessing Service Quality and Benefits Sought Among Zoological Park Visitors. Journal of Park and
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Weiler, Betty., & Smith, Liam. (2009). Does More Interpretation Lead to Greater
Outcomes? An Assessment of the Impacts of Multiple Layers of
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Whitworth, Andrew William. (2012). An Investigation into the Determining Factors of Zoo Visitor Attendances in UK Zoos. Visitor Numbers: Trends within UK
Zoos, 7(1), 1-10.
Wohler, Lars. (2012). Reporting Research. Interpretation Journal, 18(2), 6-7.
Yocco, Victor., Danter, Elizabeth H., Heimlich, Joseph E., Dunckel, Betty A., & Myers,
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Online Resources:
Manila

Zoological

and

Botanical

Garden.

(n.d.).

Retrieved

from

https://manila.gov.ph/tourism/manila-zoological-and-botanical-garden/
Zoo Review. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://zoocrew.eu/

Interviews:
Huang, Ya-Hui E. (2015). Interview Transcript: Atty. Jasyrr J. Garcia. Manila
Zoological and Botanical Garden

FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF TOURISM AND HOTEL MANAGEMENT
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
Republic of the Philippines
City of Manila
Public Recreations Bureau
Administrative Division
REVENUE COLLECTION UNIT
COMPARATIVE NUMBER OF ZOO VISITORS
CY 2012 and 2011

Month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
TOTAL

CURRENT YEAR
2012
Adults Children
95,109
37,432
60,577
23,162
47,218
17,477
66,016
25,535
70,142
27,755
34,214
11,985
29,901
10,411
33,051
12,494
42,759
17,188
59,572
25,451
66,770
28,846
85,877
34,576
691,206 272,312

PREVIOUS YEAR
2011
Adults Children
113,646
46,572
62,884
25,206
50,679
18,695
69,191
26,837
61,063
22,918
28,990
10,163
33,760
11,691
37,812
13,736
40,257
1,557
49,458
21,468
56,089
23,233
86,335
36,172
690,164 258,788

INCREASE/DECREASE
Adults
-18,537
-2,307
-3,461
-3,175
9,079
5,224
-3,859
-4,761
2,502
10,114
10,681
-458
1,042

Children
-9,240
-2,044
-1,218
-1,302
4,837
3,872
-1,280
-1,247
15,631
3,983
5,613
-2,136
13,524

PERCENTAGE
Adults
-16.31%
-3.67%
-6.83%
-4.59%
14.87%
18.02%
-11.43%
-12.59%
6.22%
20.45%
19.04%
-0.53%
0.15%

Submitted by:

JULIE H. IMPERIO
Supervising Administrative Officer

Children
-19.63%
-8.11%
-6.52%
-4.85%
21.11%
17.93%
-10.95%
-9.04%
103.92%
18.55%
24.16%
-5.82%
5.23%

FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF TOURISM AND HOTEL MANAGEMENT
APPENDIX B

Republic of the Philippines
City of Manila
Public Recreations Bureau
Administrative Division
REVENUE COLLECTION UNIT
COMPARATIVE NUMBER OF ZOO VISITORS
CY 2014 and 2013

Month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
TOTAL

CURRENT YEAR
2014
Adults Children
89,528
38,317
44,558
19,538
38,472
16,749
43,646
19,324
48,659
19,182
23,936
7,139
20,230
7,372
33,064
11,391
24,141
8,698
34,819
13,759
31,018
10,842
432,071 172,311

PREVIOUS YEAR
2013
Adults Children
79,745
31,846
57,594
22,455
50,747
19,412
52,497
21,106
55,909
23,138
36,658
14,058
33,416
12,685
35,441
12,741
33,331
12,953
48,075
20,993
44,245
19,878
527,658 211,265

INCREASE/DECREASE
Adults
9,783
-13,036
-12,275
-8,851
-7,250
-12,722
-13,188
-2,377
-9,190
-13,256
-13,227
-95,587

Children
6,471
-2,917
-2,663
-1,782
-3,956
-6,919
-6,313
-1,350
-4,255
-7,234
-9,036
-38,954

PERCENTAGE
Adults
12.27%
-22.63%
-24.19%
-16.86%
-12.97%
-34.70%
-39.46%
-6.71%
-27.57%
-27.57%
-29.59%
-18.12%

Submitted by:

JULIE H. IMPERIO
Supervising Administrative Officer

Children
20.32%
-12.99%
-13.72%
-8.44%
-17.10%
-49.22%
-41.88%
-10.60%
-32.66%
-34.46%
-45.46%
-18.44%

FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF TOURISM AND HOTEL MANAGEMENT
CURRICULUM VITAE

Acio, Jessa Mae M.

Third Year Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management

Group Member

Agustin, Resurreccion F. Jr.

Third Year Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management

Group Member

Huang, Ya-Hui E.

Third Year Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management

Group Leader

FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF TOURISM AND HOTEL MANAGEMENT

Magante, Maean V.

Third Year Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management

Group Member

Martin, Ma. Rizza Veronica G.

Third Year Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management

Assistant Group Leader

Pacupac, Kyla Ann Marie O.

Third Year Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management

Group Member