...WHAIORA: MĀORI HEALTH DEVELOPMENT by MASON DURIE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 1998 (2ND EDITION) Keriata Stuart Ministry of Health In reviewing this book, it is fitting to recall the recent passing of Mason Durie's father. While Durie dedicates Whaiora to his mokopuna, and to future generations, the book also serves to recognise and respect the efforts of all those who have worked quietly for Māori development. One small measure of the influence of this book on Aotearoa New Zealand can be found inside the title page, which reveals that it was reprinted four times over the four years between the first edition of 1994 and this revised edition. Whaiora was launched at the Hui Whakapumau of 1994, in a climate where the Māori present were both deeply aware of the opportunities being offered by the 1993 changes to the health system, and concerned about the impacts that years of economic shocks were having on the health of iwi, hapu and whānau. Whaiora could not have been published at a better time. The many interwoven themes can best be summed up in Durie's own introduction: "Māori health development is essentially about Māori defining their own priorities for health and then weaving a course to realise their collective aspirations" (p.1). The book reminded us that in Te Ao Tawhito (the world before European arrival) an integrated view of health was central to the functioning of Māori society. Whaiora told stories, some known to many and some new or freshly told, of the...
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...Maori Health Questions 1. Ko Jane toku ingoa No Korea ahau Kei Auckland aku matua, e noho ana inaianei He intern pharmacist ahau. No reira, tena kotou, tena koutou, tena koutou katoa. 2. The concept is to introduce myself by first relating my place in the world and then who I am. It is to explain which culture and background I am from. 3.The Maori practiced public health by unwritten regulatory system enforced by shred beliefs and communal integrity. The philosophy supporting this system depended on all things being distinguished as either noa or tapu. Maori believed disobedience of the tapu resulted in rebuke, mental suffering and even physical consequences such as body wasting and death. Definition of Noa: It is the freedom of mind and spirit that comes about through being acknowledged, enhanced, restored and healed. In the negative sense, it is the state of diminished tapu, of weakness and powerless resulting from violation. Definition of Tapu: Restrictions and prohibitions that protect tapu( welling, dignity, and sacredness) from violation. Psycological, emotional, spiritual and cultural wellbeing. Dignity and sacredness. 4. Tohunga is healers who were well respected and very knowledgeable leaders alongside the rangatira. Tohunga manage the differences between tapu and noa. Some skillful tohunga addressed physical symptoms as well as the underlying spiritual cause. The rangatira are political leaders or chiefs. 5. Because Europeans did not hold...
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...Hauora issues of Maori people in New Zealand, providing the most fundamental and crucial elements and moments of its continuous effects from the colonial era until now. In this essay I mainly discuss about the issues of the Maori health before colonization, during colonization, and after colonization. I had used the different methods of research to analyze the data for the issues of Maori health. The research methods used are complete online research method text, course resources and reading and analyzing data from different books as literary review. A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to locate relevant information on Maori health. The review formed the body of work on which this essay was based. The literature search was limited to work published between 1900 and 2010 in six subject areas: Maori health in early 1900 till present day, Maori concepts and models, Maori health models, Maori and disability, Treaty of Waitangi and Maori health. The databases searched included all of the New Zealand university library catalogues, the City Library and Google Scholar. Sources that appeared to be relevant were entered into the Reference. In 1769 James Cook concluded that Maori were healthy race .Prior to settlement by Europeans, Maori had been protected from many illnesses because of New Zealand’s Isolation from the large population centers of the world. Now a day’s Maori are recognized as being over represented statistically in poor health issues. Health statistics reveal...
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...and community participation in health care. I will also discuss these concepts and explain their origins in relation to the Ottawa Charter and the Declaration of Alma Ata. Furthermore I will provide examples of how these concepts are being addressed in New Zealand health policy. Inequality in Health Discussion and Definition of the Concept Within New Zealand significant inequalities in health exist. The reasons for these inequalities are linked with socioeconomic status, ethnicity, gender and the geographical area in which people live. There is also statistical evidence which highlights the fact that Maori, Pacific Islanders and people from lower socioeconomic backgrounds are dying at a younger age and generally have poorer health than other New Zealanders (Ministry of Health [MOH], 2002). The Reducing Inequalities in Health report (MOH, 2002) states that the primary causes of health inequality in New Zealand are directly related to the distribution of and access to resources such as income, education, employment and housing. The report also states that another major influence on this inequality in health is the difference in how and when people access health care services and how that care may differ between those receiving the services. This is also said to have a significant impact both on peoples’ health status and mortality rates. Primary health care services will focus on better health for a population, and actively work to reduce health inequalities between different...
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...rheumatic fever. There are three main aspect of housing: damp houses, overcrowding, and indoor secondhand smoking. First, a warm, comfortable and ventilated housing is beneficial for humans’ health and wellbeing while, non-ventilated housing can cause a variety of health issues. According to Public Health Agency (2013), asthma may aggravate in cold, damp houses. Regional Public Health (2012) states that damp rooms cause dust mites to increase, which exacerbate asthma. Additionally, dampness or moisture encourages mould growth. Consequently, mould can irritate the airways of the lungs (Regional Public Health, 2012). This issue of cold and damp houses may be due to a leakage, inadequate ventilation and ageing of the house. According to Douwes (2009), the increased chemical emissions from building materials and floor covers may be due to the excess moisture. Moreover, inadequate ventilation is one of the causes of dampness; other potential harmful indoor pollutants may increase due to poor ventilation (Douwes, 2009). Likewise, insulation in the damp house may be difficult. According to Auckland Regional Public Health Service (2004), the microorganism was likely to increase in a favourable environment due to the increase of condensation indoors from cold air. According to Regional Public Health (2012), around 30 percent of New Zealand homes have no insulation and 73 percent of rental homes have some mould. Additionally, the standard of living may be associated with the housing issue...
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...Health care Ecosystems Kaiser Permanente is known as the largest integrated managed care organization which is based out of Oakland, California. Kaiser Permanent was founded in 1945 by industrialist Henry J. Kaiser and a physician by the name of Sidney Garfield. Kaiser’s Mission Statement is “to provide affordable high-quality healthcare services and improve the health of our members and the communities we share.” Kaiser’s Vision/Value Statement” is to be a leader in total health by making lives better.” Kaiser Permanente prides itself with community involvement and support throughout their regions. Kaiser Permanente supports a diverse selection of organizations that work to improve the health of the area residents and the surrounding communities. Kaiser Permanente also funds events that support business, economic vitality and community growth and development. The diverse involvement impacts the growth of the organization by marketing themselves to being a “leader in total health”. In visiting the many Kaiser medical groups or hospitals you can’t help but run into the farmer’s market which promotes fresh fruits and vegetables for the community to purchase. The cooking demonstrations of healthy eating is a social as well as an economic event open to the patient’s, employee’s and the community. With our focus on childhood obesity within our nation, Kaiser Permanente helps promote a healthy lifestyle to all walks of life. Social responsibility and community involvement validates...
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...Muda Mura and Muri | Lean Manufacturing Wastes Lean Manufacturing Wastes When people think of waste in manufacturing they usually only think about all of the scrap material that gets thrown away or if your lucky recycled, they often forget about all of the other actions that waste our time, our resources and our MONEY.. When someone who has had some contact with Lean Manufacturing talks about waste they are often talking about Muda, or the seven wastes (or 8+ wastes depending on your definitions), but they often forget the other wastes defined within the Toyota Production System; Mura and Muri. Muda, The Seven Wastes Muda is any activity or process that does not add value, a physical waste of your time, resources and ultimately your money. These wastes were categorized by Taiichi Ohno within the Toyota production system, they are; * Transport; the movement of product between operations, and locations. * Inventory; the work in progress (WIP) and stocks of finished goods and raw materials that a company holds. * Motion; the physical movement of a person or machine whilst conducting an operation. * Waiting; the act of waiting for a machine to finish, for product to arrive, or any other cause. * Overproduction; Over producing product beyond what the customer has ordered. * Over-processing; conducting operations beyond those that customer requires. * Defects; product rejects and rework within your processes. To this list of the original seven...
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...Health Promotion Jennifer Canole-Jackson Grand Canyon University Family Centered Health Promotion NRS-429V Patricia King April 23, 2013 Health Promotion There are several definitions one can find for health promotion. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health. The WHO goes on to state in order for health promotion to be reached, “one must be able to identify and realize aspirations, satisfy needs, and to change or cope with environment”. The basic necessities and conditions required for health consist of peace, shelter, education, food, income, a stable eco-system, sustainable resources, social justice and equality (WHO, 2013). The purpose of health promotion in nursing is to support and educate patients to better understand what they can do to maintain optimal health and/or achieve better health. There are three levels of health promotion and include primary, secondary and tertiary. Primary health promotion is the education to prevent disease. The goal is to reduce the patient’s risk for disease. This can be done through several different ways of education. One example is preventing childhood obesity. In an article in the American Journal of Public Health, (AJPH), August 2012, it discussed a project called Be Our Voice. The project was created by several organizations including the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), the California Medical Association Foundation...
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...Health Essential Concepts Allopathic –cure based – the biomedical approach takes this approach via surgery, drugs etc. Alternative medicine – see complementary medicine Altruism – the idea that some medical professionals are motivated by the need to put society first rather than financial reward – functionalists such as Barber often argue this. Artefact approach – an approach that believes that the statistics about class and health exaggerate the real situation. Bio-medical model of health – the conventional Western model of health which sees the body as a machine under attack from germs etc and which insists on diagnosis of symptoms by medical professionals. Birth rate – the number live births per 1000 of the population each year. Clinical iceberg – the idea that most illness never comes to the attention of doctors because it is self-medicated. Complementary medicine – alternative forms of health therapy, usually disapproved of by the medical profession, e.g. homeopathy, acupuncture etc. Cultural explanations of health – blame the victims (or their culture) for engaging in unhealthy behaviour and lifestyles, e.g. smoking, poor diet, lack of exercise etc. Cultural relativity of health and illness – the idea that different cultures explain and react differently to illness, e.g. some take a holistic approach, some blame witchcraft or magic, Hindus refer to chest pains as a ‘sinking heart’ etc. Disability – a physical or mental impairment which has a substantial and...
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...as a community health nurse to assist the United States in reaching this goal? In searching for objectives for young adult women, I came across a variety of pertinent objectives for the population. Specifically, I’m choosing to discuss objectives: C-18.2— Increase the proportion of women who were counseled by their providers about Pap tests; and HIV-17.1—Increase the proportion of sexually active unmarried females aged 15 to 44 years who use condoms (Healthy People 2020, 2013). I think these two go hand-in-hand when working to promote health for this population. In 2008, 59.8 percent of females between the ages of 21 and 65 were counseled by their providers about Pap tests (Healthy People 2020, 2013). Healthy People 2020 set a goal of a 10 percent improvement, hoping to achieve a targeted percentage of 65.8. Data collected by the Health Indicators Warehouse (2008) demonstrated that persons of younger age, who are unmarried, disclosed a lower percentage of counseling than that of older, married adults. This is significant to me!!! With the STD epidemic is feels that we have in this country, wouldn’t education be sterner for these types of populations? On the contrary though, I do find the objectives made by Healthy People obtainable. In my opinion, these are subtle increases that really should be met. Health care providers should be knowledgeable of the importance of Pap test to screen for potential problems. It’s an important part of female health; and just like any...
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...HSA 500 Paper #2 Eric Tompkins Dr. Robert Lindsey Health Service Organization February 17, 2013 1. Compare the three (3) main types of health insurance in the U.S. and assess the solvency of each. Make a prediction regarding the longevity of each type over the next 30 years. Health insurance is essential because it provides people with an affordable way to stay healthy and get medical care when ill. It also protects people and their families from the high cost of health care. In some cases, medical bills can be financially devastating. The likelihood of no insurance is a real risk to many workers who may experience either phases of unemployment or jobs that do not provide health insurance benefits at all.The three most common forms of health insurance plans are fee-for-service, managed care, and consumer directed. Fee-for-service plans mean the doctor or other health care professional will be paid a fee for each health care service provided to the patient. Patients can see the doctor of their choice and either the health care professional or the patient files the claim ("Health insurance 101," 2012). There are two kinds of fee-for-service coverage: basic and major medical. Basic protection pays toward the costs of a hospital room and care while you are in the hospital. It covers some hospital services and supplies, such as x-rays and prescribed medicine. Basic coverage also pays toward the cost of surgery, whether...
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...summary of the contents of the document. Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document.] | | Cynthia Clayton | 1/15/2013 | | Family Nursing Diagnoses Cynthia Clayton NUR/405 January 21, 2013 Sandra Winters Family Nursing Diagnoses A family, as defined and implemented in the health care system had traditionally been based on using the legal notions of relationships such as biological/genetics, blood ties, and contractual relationship such as adoption, guardianship, or marriage. Stanhope & Lancaster (2012). A family consists of two or more individuals who depend on one another for emotional, physical, and/or financial support. In community health nursing, the family will be considered as a client. A community health nurse must be able to understand that he or she must keep an update of the care plan as the family is a dynamic unit of the community. Community health nurses provide health education, case management and primary care to individuals and families who are members of a vulnerable population and high risk groups. Community health nurses act as advocates, teachers, and counselors that play an important role in preventing the spread of illness and disease. Identifying data My participating family consists of an African American family and in their culture the man is the head of the household all decisions are discussed but the primary decision lies on the father, 39 year old (AJ)...
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...DOWN CANADIANS WANT MORE ACCOUNTABILITY TO REDRESS OLD WOUNDS IN HEALTH CARE Source: Hamilton Spectator, The (ON), 08/22/2011 Accession Number: Q4K151090617711 Database: Canadian Points of View Reference Centre HTML Full Text DOCTORS' REPORT CARD GRADES DOWN CANADIANS WANT MORE ACCOUNTABILITY TO REDRESS OLD WOUNDS IN HEALTH CARE Section: CANADA / WORLD, Pg. A6 TORONTO Most Canadians want greater input and accountability when it comes to patient care, including a formalized process to voice complaints about the health-care system, according to a new report. In its National Report Card on Health Care in Canada, the Canadian Medical Association enlisted pollster Ipsos Reid to assess Canadians' attitudes toward the health-care system. In findings from the CMA's annual report released Monday, 93 per cent of Canadians agreed that they would like their province to adopt a patient health charter, designed to ensure accountability and responsibility for the quality of care received. Some 82 per cent of those polled agreed such a charter outlining patients' rights and responsibilities would make the system more efficient. The survey found 87 per cent of Canadians agreed the patient charter should have a mechanism in place where citizens could complain about poor health-care service. Most polled also supported the inclusion of an independent ombudsman to voice such complaints. Greater transparency of health-care operations within and between provinces and territories was...
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...CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Weam Khadim PBHE501-American Public University May 21, 2013 Dr. Shalah Watkins-Bailey Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Center for Disease Control and Prevention is a national public health federal agency under Department of Health and Human Services headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. It is division of Department of Health and Human Services responsible for managing national programs for control and prevention of communicable diseases and Vector born pathogen. CDC also is in charge of implementing strategies and plans to deal with environmental health problems. It also controls quarantine activities and performs epidemiological research, and it provides consultation on an international basis for the control of preventable diseases. The subdivisions of the agency include: * The center for chronic disease prevention and health promotion * Environmental health * Health statistics * Infectious diseases * Injury prevention and control * Immunizations * Occupational safety and health (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). The Federal Center for Disease Control (CDC) was first created on July 1946 known as Communicable Disease Center. Originally the main mission is to control malaria and other vector-borne diseases during World War II. In the beginning CDC occupied one floor of small building in Atlanta, GA with a budget of only $10 million and fewer than 400 employees. As...
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...Professional Development of Nursing Professionals Health care is advancing and changing every single day, every hour, and every minute. Nurses are caring for more critical patients, which require expert knowledge and skill. In order to deliver safe quality care change is needed. According to the IOM, nurses must be prepared to meet the diverse patients’ needs by practicing to the full range of their education, function as leaders, and improve the education system so that it promotes a smooth academic progression (Institute of Medicine [IOM], 2010). The IOM desires to transform nursing education. The IOM states, “Nurses should achieve higher levels of education and training through an improved education system” (Institute of Medicine [IOM], 2010, p. 163). In the past an associate’s degree (ADN) nurse has been the most common type of nurse, now a baccalaureate degree (BSN) is the preferred nurse. The BSN nurse typically has two more years of education than the ADN nurse. This typically means the BSN nurse will end up paying more for their education but the cost is definitely worth it. The BSN nurse is preferred because of their enhanced critical thinking skills, strong education foundation, and their ability to easily adapt to evolving models of health care. It is predicted that the number of nurses with baccalaureate degrees will increase from 50% to 80% by 2020 (American Association of Colleges of Nursing [AACN], 2010). Traditional nursing competencies will move...
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