...Conversion of a Propeller Turbine to Full Kaplan Operation at Michigamme Falls By Gerard J. Russell, P.E., American Hydro Corp., York, Pennsylvania, USA, Craig Peterson, P.E., American Hydro Corp., York, Pennsylvania, USA, and Douglas T. Eberlein, P.E., We Energies, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA ABSTRACT FERC license renewal stipulations for We Energies’ Michigamme Falls plant included new flow constraints that were outside the existing fixed-blade propeller turbines’ efficiency range. One of the turbines was converted to fully adjustable Kaplan operation to regain the lost generation. Introduction Renewal of the project’s FERC license in October of 2001 required that the minimum flow could be no less than 50% of the maximum flow during a given calendar day. The existing generating units were typical fixed-blade propeller turbines with a very narrow range of efficient operation, so they could not effectively meet this new requirement. We Energies evaluated several options for addressing the new operating regime including spilling the required low flow when necessary, installation of a minimum flow turbine-generator unit, and conversion of one of the propeller units to full adjustable blade Kaplan operation. The Kaplan conversion was chosen as the most effective option to improve the operating efficiency and flexibility of the plant while achieving the required low flow operating capability. This paper describes the Owner’s planning process that resulted in the decision to convert...
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...CONCORD LAW SCHOOL OF KAPLAN UNIVERSITY CRIMINAL LAW ESSAY 1 Hal and Wanda had been married for many years. Each weekday Hal, who worked for a data processing firm, left for work at 8am and returned home after 6pm. Wanda worked from their home as a telemarketer. As their 20th wedding anniversary approached, Hal decided to prepare a romantic surprise for Wanda. On the day of their anniversary Hal left work at 1pm and drove to the local florist where he purchased a dozen long stem roses. He then drove home intending to surprise Wanda with the flowers and spend the entire afternoon alone with her. When Hal arrived at his home he looked in the window of the office Wanda used to do her telemarketing calls and observed Wanda in what he believed to be a passionate embrace with his neighbor, Norm. Hal, an overly jealous man, had long suspected that Norm harbored desires for his wife. Believing that Wanda and Norm had just engaged in sexual relations, he flew into a rage, ran to the garage and retrieved a revolver he kept in a locked box. He then opened a safe located in the garage in which he stored bullets, removed 6 bullets and loaded the revolver. He then ran back to the front of the house just as Norm was leaving. Hal shot Norm, killing him instantly. In actuality Norm had dropped by Hal's and Wanda's home to drop off an anniversary gift for the two of them and Wanda was giving Norm a hug to thank him when Hal had looked through the window. Hearing the shot Wanda ran from the house...
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...The Kaplan turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine, which means that the working fluid changes pressure as it moves through the turbine and gives up its energy. Power is recovered from both the hydrostatic head and from the kinetic energy of the flowing water. The design combines features of radial and axial turbines. The inlet is a scroll-shaped tube that wraps around the turbine's wicket gate. Water is directed tangentially through the wicket gate and spirals on to a propeller shaped runner, causing it to spin. The outlet is a specially shaped draft tube that helps decelerate the water and recover kinetic energy. The turbine does not need to be at the lowest point of water flow as long as the draft tube remains full of water. A higher turbine location, however, increases the suction that is imparted on the turbine blades by the draft tube. The resulting pressure drop may lead to cavitation. Variable geometry of the wicket gate and turbine blades allow efficient operation for a range of flow conditions. Kaplan turbine efficiencies are typically over 90%, but may be lower in very low head applications.[2] Current areas of research include CFD driven efficiency improvements and new designs that raise survival rates of fish passing through. Because the propeller blades are rotated on high-pressure hydraulic oil bearings, a critical element of Kaplan design is to maintain a positive seal to prevent emission of oil into the waterway. Discharge of oil into rivers is not desirable...
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...TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENES Environmental Engineering Final thesis Timo Flaspöhler Design of the runner of a Kaplan turbine for small hydroelectric power plants Supervisor Commissioned by Tampere 2007 Jaakko Mattila Tampere University of Applied Sciences, Mechanical engineering department TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENES Environmental Engineering Timo Flaspöhler Final thesis Supervisor November 2007 Keywords Design of the runner of a Kaplan turbine for small hydroelectric power plants 78 pages, 42 pages Appendix Jaakko Mattila Electricity tariff, small hydroelectric power plant, Kaplan turbine, runner, adaptation mechanism, stress analysis, technical drawings ABSTRACT The final thesis deals with the design of the runner of a Kaplan turbine. It might be that due to the increasing of the electricity tariff in the last years small hydroelectric power plants become cost effective. Since the runner of a small hydroelectric power plant is quite small, it has to be reexamined if the hub of the runner provides enough room for a proper adaptation mechanism. For this purpose the main characteristics of the runner are determined. Then, important data such as the suction head, the occurring forces or the critical speed are established. After those data are known, a detailed stress analysis of the developed adaptation mechanism follows. The stress analysis shows that the mechanism to adjust the blades is able to withstand the occurring forces. Finally...
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...85 Hydraulic turbines—basic principles and state-of-theart computational fluid dynamics applications P Drtina* and M Sallaberger Sulzer Hydro AG, Zurich, Switzerland ¨ Abstract: The present paper discusses the basic principles of hydraulic turbines, with special emphasis on the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as a tool which is being increasingly applied to gain insight into the complex three-dimensional (3D) phenomena occurring in these types of fluid machinery. The basic fluid mechanics is briefly treated for the three main types of hydraulic turbine: Pelton, Francis and axial turbines. From the vast number of applications where CFD has proven to be an important help to the design engineer, two examples have been chosen for a detailed discussion. The first example gives a comparison of experimental data and 3D Euler and 3D Navier–Stokes results for the flow in a Francis runner. The second example highlights the state-of-the-art of predicting the performance of an entire Francis turbine by means of numerical simulation. Keywords: hydraulic turbines, flow prediction, stage simulation, hill chart, Navier–Stokes and Euler computations NOTATION C, c E g h at h d H H s k K c K u K w n Q R, r T U, u W, w Z a b e f g absolute velocity (m/s) energy per unit mass (m2/s2) gravity (m/s2) atmospheric pressure head (m) vapour pressure head (m) turbine head (m) suction head (m) turbulent kinetic energy (m2/s2) normalized velocity normalized circumferential velocity normalized relative...
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...As;dlkfjlsdjflkjsdlfkj;lsdjfjfjslfjlksdfj * Study Resources * By School * By Subject * By Standardized Tests * By Book * Upload Documents * Tutors * Get Homework Help * About Tutors * Become a Tutor * Flashcards * Find Flashcards * Create Flashcards * About Flashcards * Log-in * Sign Up ------------------------------------------------- 50. there is pressure on the mayor to reduce the fare Home Kaplan University MICROECONO MICROECONO BU224 BUS224_02_OSBORNE_TIFFANY_ unit9 Download Document 1 - 2 of 6 This preview has blurred sections. Sign up to View Full Document Skyscraper City has a subway system, for which a one-way fare is $1.50. There is pressure onthe mayor to reduce the fare by one-third, to $1.00. The mayor is dismayed, thinking that thiswill mean Skyscraper City is losing one-third of its revenue from sales of subway tickets. Themayor’s economic adviser reminds her that she is focusing only on the price effect and ignoringthe quantity effect. Explain why the mayor’s estimate of a one-third loss of revenue is likely tobe an overestimate.Page 1 of 6 Because when a lower price is given more tickets will be sold therefor there will be additionalrevenue coming in.2.Bob, Bill, Ben, and Brad Baxter have just made a documentary movie about their basketballteam. They are thinking about making the movie available for download on the Internet, and theycan act as a...
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...gone by since Kaplan University Online restructured its business model. I was part of the massive laid off that shook the online for-profit schools back in the fall of 2011. Who is Kaplan University Online? Kaplan University Online is a division of the Washington Post (Hechinger, 2013, ∂ 1) an online university of higher learning education offering certificates, associates, bachelors and graduate degrees (Kaplan University, n.d., ∂ 1). Kaplan’s mission and market niche was to enroll adults or working adults who want to complete a college degree but neither has the time to enroll in a traditional campus. That being said, Kaplan was new player in the market competing against other for profit schools such as Devry Institute, ITT, Phoenix University to name a few. In 2007, I was recruited by Kaplan’s HR department to work as an inside sales representative. Myself and 12 other individuals went through a 2-week training class covering Kaplan’s culture, Fafsa (free application for student aid), compliance and boilerplate sales script. The training was intense and strict focusing mostly on the sales script and preaching Kaplan’s ethics, integrity and mission. Like any other jobs I had before this; I took the challenge seriously and was focus on becoming the best at my trade. After my first week on the sales floor, I found myself enrolling more students than any other Kaplan University sales rep. My recognition and reputation quickly escalated to the CEO of Kaplan Inc and other...
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... * Performance refers to output results and their outcomes obtained from processes, products, and services that permit evaluation and comparison relative to goals, standards, past results, and other organisations. Performance can be expressed in non-financial and financial terms. * Measurement refers to numerical information that quantifies input, output, and performance dimensions of processes, products, services, and the overall organisation (outcomes). Performance measures might be simple (derived from one measurement) or composite. Using a Balanced Scorecard Approach to Measure Performance Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton have developed a set of measures that they refer to as "a balanced scorecard." These measures give top managers a fast but comprehensive view of the organization's performance and include both process and results measures. Kaplan and Norton compare the balanced scorecard to the dials and indicators in an airplane cockpit. For the complex task of flying an airplane, pilots need detailed information about fuel, air speed, altitude, bearing, and other indicators that summarize the current and predicted environment. Reliance on one instrument can...
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...mix and volume variance, mix variance, volume variance, other revenue analysis, market share variance, industry volume variance, expense variance in the analysis statement given then it would be useful data for analyzing the firm's January performance because these data can inform us the difference between the revenue and expenses. Balanced Scorecard Basics The balanced scorecard is a strategic planning and management system that is used extensively in business and industry, government, and nonprofit organizations worldwide to align business activities to the vision and strategy of the organization, improve internal and external communications, and monitor organization performance against strategic goals. It was originated by Drs. Robert Kaplan (Harvard Business School) and David Norton as a performance measurement framework that added strategic non-financial performance measures to traditional financial metrics to give managers and executives a more 'balanced' view of organizational performance. While the phrase...
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...twenty years ago as a first set of principles for balanced strategic Objectives and Measures/KPIs setting and measurement. The “parents” of Balanced Scorecard are Dr. Robert S. Kaplan, Baker Foundation Professor at Harvard Business School and Dr. David P. Norton, the founder of the consulting team that contributed over the past two decades to the development of Balanced Scorecard into today’s integrated and aligned management system. That company is now called ‘The Palladium Group’ (www.thepalladiumgroup.com) and is based in Massachusetts, near the Harvard Business School. Since their first article about Balanced Scorecard, published in 1992 in the Harvard Business Review, Drs. Kaplan and Norton have published five books, which have marked the evolution of the BSC framework and of its implementation methodology, starting with ‘The Balanced Scorecard’, in 1996 and ending with ‘The Execution Premium’, in 2008 (now also translated in Romanian, soon to be published). Over the years many consulting or educational organizations have tried to add to the Balanced Scorecard initial concepts, in some cases attempting to build “a better mouse trap”, but few succeeded to bring any significant theoretical or practical value to the BSC framework and implementation methodology, developed continuously by Drs. Kaplan and Norton and by their team at Palladium and based on thousands of implementation projects in most industries, geographies worldwide and organization sizes, in both public and private...
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...0272-4944/95/030169+ 14$12.0010 ~ ENVIRONMENTAL ~ P~Y~HOLOGY THE RESTORATIVE BENEFITS OF NATURE: TOWARD AN INTEGRATIVE FRAM~WORK STEPHEN KAPLAN Department ofPsychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, !ll148109-1109, U.$.A. Abstract Directed attention plays an important role in human information processing; its fatigue, in turn, has far reaching consequences. Attention Restoration Theory provides an analysis of the kinds of experiences that lead to recovery from such fatigue. Natural environments turn out to be particularly rich in the character istics necessary for restorative experiences. An integrative framework is proposed that places both directed attention and stress in the larger context of human-environment relationships. © 1995 Academic Press Limited Introduction Evidence pointing to the psychological benefits of nature has accumulated at a remarkable rate in a relatively short period of time. Whether a theoreti cal understanding of these restorative influences has kept pace with the empirical work is, however, less clear. As Hartig and Evans (1993) have pointed out, theory in' this area has been dominated by con flicting positions, one enlphasizing stress reduction (Ulrich, 1983) and the other concerned with recov ery of the capacity to focus attention (Kaplan & Talbot, 1983; Kaplan & Kaplan, 1989). While it might be argued that these positions are hopelessly far apart, Hartig and Evans hold out hope for a syn thesis. The purpose...
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...he balanced scorecard is a strategic performance measurement system developed by Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton to help organizations achieve breakthrough results by embedding strategy at the heart of the organization. Developed 12 years ago, the concept was significantly different from any existing performance measurement system and generated considerable excitement. A variety of applications and variations of the balanced scorecard have emerged since its inception. It was received and used so enthusiastically and effectively that the Harvard Business Review labeled it in 1997 as one of the 75 most influential ideas of the 20th Century. 1 Early on, a navigation metaphor was used to illustrate the need for additional performance measures. Over time, the navigation metaphor expanded to include the process of strategic mapping and decisions about where to lead your company. This article outlines the evolution of the balanced scorecard. BALANCEDSCORECARD: THEINCEPTION In 1990, the Nolan Norton Institute, the research arm of KPMG, sponsored a one-year, multi-company study on the future of performance measurement. David Norton, CEO of Nolan Norton, was the study leader, and Robert Kaplan served as an academic consultant. The 12 companies that formed the original study group believed that the exclusive reliance on financial performance metrics alone was causing their companies to do the wrong things. Many of the activities that create organizational value...
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...Internal Memorandum TO: Senior Managers DATE: March 23, 2014 SUBJECT: Implementation of balanced scorecard WHAT IS A BALANCED SCORECARD A balanced scorecard is a flexible framework for measuring and reporting performance while balancing financial and non-financial measures. The balanced scorecard links performance to rewards and gives recognition to the link between performance measures and organizational goals and objectives. The development of the balanced scorecard is accredited to Robert Kaplan and David Norton as they determined key performance indicators to include: Financial, customers, internal business processes, innovation and learning. With the flexibility of the balanced scorecard performance indicators are easily tailored to the organization using the BSC (Horgren, 2011). WHY THE CHANGE Historically our organization has measured success purely based on our financial perspectives. Financials are certainly a large concern for our organization however they are not our only concern. In order for our company to be truly successful other business characteristics should be in the forefront of all our minds. Several of these “other” business characteristics include non-financially focused items like customer satisfaction, employee satisfaction and retention rates, employee training, innovation and learning opportunities, as well as streamlining business processes (Horngren, 2011). These other activities have a large potential for generating profit for our...
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...The Balanced Scorecard - Measures that Drive Performance Robert Kaplan and David Norton Harvard Business Review OnPoint 2000 Jennifer Oberly Oklahoma Wesleyan University Advanced Managerial Accounting BUSI 5243 Bill Elliott October 04, 2011 The Balanced Scorecard - Measures that Drive Performance The purpose of this article was to look at what information companies are using to rate themselves and determine what areas need improvement. This article focuses on the concept that companies should be taking in a number of factors when determining how they are doing in a market. The authors set to show how using more than just financial information is vital to obtaining the complete picture of how a company is performing. They feel that using four to five key areas provides more accurate information and can show how improvement in one area could be at the cost of another area. The authors spent over a year looking in depth at twelve companies and implementing their balanced scorecard to show that by using a wider array of data elements can provide a better overall evaluation of a companies performance. The target audience for this article is any business or company that is looking to improve their performance. The authors focus on one company and show how applying their balanced scorecard method can help a company plan...
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...RESORT AND HOTEL OPERATION ARGUMENT ESSAY Name: Tuong Vy Dinh Student ID: din12236844 Subject: Resort and Hotel Operations Lecturer: Lynn Richardson Tutor: Ajay Khatter The development of hospitality industry has been putting more pressure on hotel and resort managers. They not only satisfy their customers’ service expectation but also please their hotel owners wants with limited budgets. Although the “balanced scorecard” has been applied recently, it seems to be hard for the managers to adjust the balancing between these desires of two important elements in hotel and resort processes. This essay will analyze these expectations, the application of balanced scorecard in the hotel and resort industry and exam whether it is helpful to solve to conflict between owner and manager or not. In the competitive environment, understanding what customer expect and want is the most significant step to have a good service. According to Parasuraman (1988) and Richard (1997), customer expectations are reflected the service quality and customer satisfaction. However, hotel guests do not use only unique expectation; they may adopt many types of desires to judge hotel service. Predictive expectation- prediction what level of service that the customer will receive and normative expectations – what service that the guest believe that the provider will offer to them, are the most prevalent types being used to evaluate (Tam, M 2005). Moreover, location, furniture, price, hotel category...
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