...CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC RESEARCH (2 ICBER 2011) PROCEEDING nd nd SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE FOR MARKET LEADERSHIP AMONGST THE PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTES IN MALAYSIA Loh Teck Hua KDU University College Business School Section 13 Campus, 76, Jalan Universiti, 46200, Petaling Jaya, Selangor DE ABSTRACT One of Malaysia’s economic goals is to become an education hub for the region. To achieve this, the Malaysian government had liberalised government policies resulting in the proliferation of Private Higher Education Institutions (PHEIs) including private Universities and University Colleges. As competition intensifies it becomes increasingly pertinent to ask “What sustainable competitive advantage should the Private Higher Education Institutions (PHEIs) have to achieve market leadership in the Malaysian education industry?” For the smaller PHEIs, it is a question of survival itself. This paper aims to provide a theoretical study of some of the key strategic activities of the leading PHEIs to answer this question. The literature review covering both foreign and local sources indicates three key factors of sustainable competitive advantage, i.e. branding and image, the physical aspects of higher education including location and facilities, and the mode of delivery. The paper will seek to identify these factors amongst the market leaders to ascertain the validity of the secondary data via critical analysis of their activities. The theoretical framework...
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...The flexibility of labour markets and the elite-orientated education of liberal market economies in the UK and the US result in higher degrees of inequality compared to coordinated market economies. Discuss. Student ID: 0956592 Word count (excluding references): 2492 This paper will discuss and analyze whether the flexibility of labour markets and the elite orientated education in liberal market economies, found in the UK and the US are the only reasons for higher degrees of inequality, compared to coordinated market economies. In order to understand the labour markets of liberal market economies and coordinated market economies, they must be defined in terms of their differences, which can affect the flexibility of their labour markets. Furthermore, it is important to note that there are numerous inequalities which may emerge in this analysis. Namely, gender inequality, class inequality, and wage inequality as well as some other perspectives will be examined. The aim of this paper is recognize which inequalities are more prominent in either liberal market economies or coordinated market economies, in relation to the flexibility of relevant labour market. Drawing on the work of Polanyi (1994), Esteves-Abe et al. (2001) suggest that market failures in economies can be avoided depending on the type and the extent of the social protection offered from national institutions. Liberal market economies, such as the US and UK, have an institutional framework which accents...
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...“Analyzing Myanmar Higher Education Policy in Meeting Labor Market Demand” Introduction 1.1 Justification In every society, higher education plays a strategic role in creation and distribution of intellectual capacity. Since the late twentieth century, the impacts of globalization and increasing role of knowledge generate both challenges and opportunities for higher education, especially in developing economies. Capacity to participate in knowledge based economy requires qualified human resources. In order to catch up with the high level information and communication technologies, many economies have made efforts to upgrade their higher education respectively. Higher education plays as indispensable role in creating and supplying...
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...Market Report 2014 Ninth Edition January 2014 Edited by Leah Tutt ISBN 978-1-78304-102-2 Further & Higher Education Further & Higher Education Foreword In today’s competitive business environment, knowledge and understanding of your marketplace is essential. With over 30 years’ experience producing highly respected off-the-shelf publications, Key Note has built a reputation as the number one source of UK market information. Below are just a few of the comments our business partners and clients have made on Key Note’s range of reports. “The test of any marketing strategy and plan lies in the quality of information used, upon which marketing judgments and decisions are based. Quality is the key word here. The Key Note reports are an excellent source of such quality information, covering a wide variety of product sectors.” The Chartered Institute of Marketing “We have enjoyed a long-standing relationship with Key Note and have always received an excellent service. Key Note reports are well produced and are always in demand by users of the business library. Having subscribed to Market Assessment reports for a number of years, we continue to be impressed by their quality and breadth of coverage.” The British Library “When we are putting together strategic information for presentations to major retailers and Symington’s Board, the combination of Key Note’s market research and company information proves invaluable. It is accurate and easy to use, and provides us with...
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...Higher Education is one of the most important phenomenons in the 21st century. It is undergoing some major transformations and developments which are mainly effected by Globalization. Such as, international education, global capitalism, spread of culture and media, trade and work. Thus, it’s crucial to interpret the term of Globalization, which becomes a major backdrop of other phenomenon, including high education. Certainly, higher education provides prerequisite skills and higher life opportunities to people. However, the education system today is facing some challenges. There is over-education and over- supply of educational institution and the change of the global labour market. Higher education provides more chances for people to obtaining jobs. People who graduated from university are highly employable due to their wealth knowledge, creativity and ability of solving problems. According to the research of Yue et al. (2004) ‘The level of education level has a significantly positive impact on successful job seeking. The higher the education level, the greater the probability of success.’ Which indicated that higher education make a positive effective to people in job seeking as well as working in a favorable position. The reputation of the higher education institution also has a significant and positive impact on employment. Graduates from key universities have greater employment probabilities than their counterparts from ordinary universities. The employment rate...
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...The university was born in November 23 1993, when the Commission of University Education (CUE) issued, on behalf of the Kenyan Government, a Letter of Interim Authority for the University to start laying the foundation to the development of ANU. ANU made history when it became the first University to seek a charter under the new Act and without an affiliation to an existing University. At the time of commencing operations, private universities in Kenya were few, with most students preferring public universities. However as the years went by, the growing demand for affordable and accessible higher education was higher than the existing supply. This shortfall provided ANU with an extraordinary opportunity for market growth. With a main campus situated in the middle of the great Masaai savannah, the physical foundation of the University was laid on a vast 124 acres – the beginning of the actualization of a dream to establish an expansive Christian University for students in Africa. ANU offers a beautiful campus located next to Nairobi National Park, off Magadi Road near Ongata Rongai Town, just 24km from Nairobi City Center offering a safe, serene environment ideal for studies. With the establishment of a reliable and affordable internet infrastructure in the country, a large untapped market of students seeking distance, part-time and virtual learning emerged. ANU sought to tap into this market by setting up satellite campuses all over the country as well as...
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...GLOBALISATION AND HIGHER EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS RUI YANG Abstract – This article sets out to analyse critically the nature of globalisation and how it is affecting higher education. The author first reviews the nature of globalisation, and then examines its international impact on higher education development. He contends that globalisation is predominantly economic, and points out that global exchanges in the economic, cultural and educational domains continue to be unequal. At the same time, education is increasingly treated as a business. By exposing the negative side of globalisation and its effects on universities, the author aims to counter the uncritical acceptance of globalisation as a positive force for higher education and society as a whole. Zusammenfassung – Ziel dieses Artikels ist eine kritische Analyse der Natur der Globalisierung und ihrer Auswirkungen auf die höhere Bildung. Der Autor beginnt mit einem Rückblick auf die Eigenheiten der Globalisierung und untersucht dann ihren internationalen Einfluss auf die Entwicklung der höheren Bildung. Er behauptet, dass Globalisierung vorherrschend wirtschaftlicher Art sei und weist darauf hin, dass ein globaler Austausch in wirtschaftlicher, kultureller und erzieherischer Hinsicht ungleich bleibt. Gleichzeitig wird Bildung immer mehr als eine Art Geschäft behandelt. Indem der Autor die negative Seite der Globalisierung herausstellt sowie ihre Auswirkung auf die Universitäten, will er der unkritischen...
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...Management in Education http://mie.sagepub.com/ Reconfiguring the higher education value chain Virendra Pathak and Kavita Pathak Management in Education 2010 24: 166 DOI: 10.1177/0892020610376791 The online version of this article can be found at: http://mie.sagepub.com/content/24/4/166 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com On behalf of: British Educational Leadership, Management & Administration Society Additional services and information for Management in Education can be found at: Email Alerts: http://mie.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://mie.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://mie.sagepub.com/content/24/4/166.refs.html >> Version of Record - Oct 6, 2010 What is This? Downloaded from mie.sagepub.com at Excelsior College on March 19, 2014 MiE Reconfiguring the higher education value chain Management in Education 24(4) 166–171 ª 2010 British Educational Leadership, Management & Administration Society (BELMAS) Reprints and permission: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0892020610376791 mie.sagepub.com Virendra Pathak Kavita Pathak Abstract Forces of demand and supply are changing the dynamics of the higher education market. Transformation of institutions of higher learning into competitive enterprise is underway. Higher education institutions are seemingly under intense ...
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...| Labour Market Policy – 5BUS1035 | “The imposition of a minimum wage level may be considered as an ‘unequal’ policy measure which discriminates between workers with high levels of skill/education and those with low levels of skill/education, always resulting in higher rate of unemployment” | | 1411 8794 | 02/11/2015Word Count: 1, 522 | | The statement presents discriminatory issues of minimum wage between those of a higher or lower skill and education, which results in an increased rate of unemployment. It is assumed that, through minimum wage, lower and higher skilled workers are paid equally, rendering the education of higher skilled workers redundant. Higher skilled workers would be more partial to higher paying jobs than that of minimum wage, which consequents higher unemployment. Unemployment results in a number of economic issues as production possibilities are not fully realised. For instance, had workers been employed, there would not be a loss of output produced; this is known as Opportunity Cost. This essay shall cover points concerning minimum wage, occupational choice, return of investments in education, and human capital. The implementation of minimum wage directly affects employment rates especially low skilled workers, and young workers. The two most prevalent arguments are between supply side economists and demand side economists (Richardson IV, O. E., NO DATEa). "Economic consensus has long linked higher minimum wages with higher unemployment...
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...experience than you would otherwise. It is a combination of having read widely and merging that with the experiences you have as you go through life. If the point of the university is to prepare students to learn from their experiences, then wisdom is a key characteristic we have to develop in our students as they seek employment. Through higher education it should ensure that people are exposed to a broad education so that when they graduate they are the adaptable, flexible, responsive, team-focused and wise people employers are demanding which give them a greater chance of being employed. These days, with more than 136 million students worldwide – 64 million more than in 1995 – universities are also becoming places of preparation for an increasingly competitive graduate employment market by providing interview training, linking up with employers to organise work placements or offering degrees developed by businesses such as accountancy firm KPMG. An analysis of the adults (25 years of age and older) covered by the 1980 census, the 1998 survey and the 2002 HIES reveals, firstly, that those with higher levels of education enjoyed higher rates of...
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...A critical look into the transitions from school to work, and the role the schools play in preparing youth for employment. There is a critical look at the cause of education creeping and what that will mean for those seeking a higher education in Canada. Canadian Schools focusing on economic needs In today’s global economy education plays a crucial role for preparing Canadians for an employment role in the ever changing global market. It can be argued that Canadian schools are not focused on economic needs and should be preparing students more for employment skills, particularly in the trades. The role that schooling plays is not clear when breaking down the components of a transition from school to employment. School work relationship In understanding the relationship of school and work a quick view of schools and the orientation needs to be looked at. When schools opened it was a way to keep youth off the streets while not being employed. The schools were there to teach basic skills of reading, writing, and arithmetic, labor markets were never intended to dictate the school curriculum. Schools today are held to a higher standard for preparing students for work. Unfortunately the grade school system is failing to establish a disciplined, self- regulated student who is capable of completing basic education skills. A large number of Canadian adults are unable to read, write, or do basic math without the aid of an electronic device at acceptable levels needed to stay competitive...
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...Graduate Employability and Student Attitudes and Orientations to the Labour Market Michael Tomlinson This article examines the way students, making the transition from higher education into the labour market, construct, understand and begin to manage their employability. It draws upon a qualitative study of 53 final year undergraduates in a pre-1992 university in the UK. It firstly explores students’ perceptions of the current labour market for graduates and how they understand future career progression. It examines their different orientations and attitudes to work and careers through the development of an ideal-type model. It then considers how these orientations influence the way students approach future work and careers and manage their employability, and further discusses some of the implications this has for current policies around higher education and the labour market in the UK context. Introduction This paper examines the perceptions, attitudes and orientations of higher education students to their future work, careers and employability. The employability of university graduates has dominated much educational and economic policy over the past decade (NCIHE, 1997; DfEE, 2000). Graduate employability is centrally located in the changing relationship between higher education and the labour market. The development of mass higher education has intersected with the shift towards a so-called knowledge-driven or post-industrial economy (Drucker, 1993; Amin, 1994)...
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...in the higher education consulting industry. JUBILEE has provided strategic consulting and marketing services to almost every college and university in Canada. Jubilee’s vision is to be the world’s leading education marketing consultants, bringing innovation in research, strategy, marketing and technology to the higher education sector. JUBILEE’s mission is: 1. To provide expertise in market research, branding, strategic planning, and emerging web applications to educational institutions. 2. To help PSE institutions chart their future course, define distinctive positions, and achieve success, individually and collectively. 3. To help government better understand and meet the needs of academic institutions, potential students, employers and society. 4. To help young people find the right course in higher education, and in their careers. (Jubilee Group Inc., 2010) Jubilee has 26 employees and several frequent subcontractors. JUBILEE has offices in London, Toronto, and Boston. The higher education consulting industry has dozens of competitors but JUBILEE completes more closely with Noel-Levitz, STAMATS, Higher Education Statistics Agency, EduVentures, and Strategic Counsel. All of JUBILEE’s closest competitors are private companies which do not release financial information. Based on size and number of clients Jubilee estimates that they hold 9-10% of market share in Canada and less than 1% in the US. External Situation Demographic The success of higher education consulting...
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...increasing employability through higher education...fact or fiction Introduction Whether you.re a recent graduate or are facing the prospects of looking for a job in the near future, there are many factors to consider before entering the job market. Knowing the kind of job you want, getting yourself prepared for the job market, and presenting yourself as a valuable asset would make it easier to obtain a position that will successfully meet the needs of both you and your employer. With globalization taking place and the employment equity act in force the job market has become rather competitive. Now, a person not only has to compete for a job with the different people from his own community or country but also with the people who emigrate from other countries. So what is it that will distinguish you from all your competitors? This literature review aims at exploring employability and focusing on the link between education and employability to determine whether employability can be increased through higher education. Defining employability A report carried out by Hillage and Pollard (1998) for the Department for Education and Skills (DfES) found that. . Employability is about having the ability to acquire initial employment, keeping employment and acquire new employment if required. . For an individual, employability depends upon: 1. Assets in terms of knowledge, skills and attitudes, 2. The way these assets are used and deployed, 3. Presentation of assets to potential...
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...INTRODUCTION: Globally, there is increasing demand for higher education, especially from the youth population of developing countries, as it is viewed as an important pathway for greater social mobility (Devesh, 2008). According to the World Trade Organization (WTO 2010), private returns from higher education are high for both developed and developing countries. In developing countries, the wage differential between a secondary school leaver and a university graduate is estimated to be as high as 200%. Besides the wage premium, rapidly changing technology in a globalized world is also demanding new and changing competencies that require life-long learning skills, for which mature students often have to go back to college for re-training and re-skilling. Malaysia is one of the most subsidized nations in the world. Its total subsidy of RM74 billion in 2009 is equivalent to RM12,900 per household or 4.6 per cent of GDP even higher than Indonesia (2.7 per cent) & Philippines (0.2 per cent). Out of the numbers, RM 30.8 billion goes to Primary, secondary, higher education and scholarships. Higher education in Malaysia is divided into 2 sectors; public and non-public sector, there are about 20 universities and 6 university colleges (the term “university college” is used to for those tertiary level education institutions that are able to confer their own degrees but have not achieved university status). In the non-public sector there are 559 institutions of varying types including:...
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