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Market Report 2014

Ninth Edition January 2014 Edited by Leah Tutt ISBN 978-1-78304-102-2

Further & Higher Education

Further & Higher Education

Foreword

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Further & Higher Education

Contents

Contents
Executive Summary 1. Market Definition 1 2

REPORT COVERAGE....................................................................................................................2
Types of Institution .......................................................................................................................2 Qualifications .................................................................................................................................2

MARKET SECTORS.......................................................................................................................3
Further Education..........................................................................................................................3 Higher Education...........................................................................................................................3

MARKET TRENDS.........................................................................................................................3
Cuts to Funding..............................................................................................................................3 Adult Education ............................................................................................................................4 University Tuition Fees .................................................................................................................4 Cuts to University Funding in England .....................................................................................4 MOOCs.............................................................................................................................................4 Open Educational Resources University Courses.....................................................................5 Rankings .........................................................................................................................................5

ECONOMIC TRENDS....................................................................................................................6
Table 1.1: UK Economic Trends (000, £m, %, million and £), 2008-2012............................6

MARKET POSITION......................................................................................................................8
The UK..............................................................................................................................................8 Overseas...........................................................................................................................................9

2. Market Size

10

THE TOTAL MARKET................................................................................................................10
Number of Students....................................................................................................................10 Table 2.1: Total Number of Students in Further and Higher Education in the UK (000), 2008/2009-2012/2013.......................................................................................................10 Figure 2.1: Total Number of Students in Further and Higher Education in the UK (000), 2008/2009-2012/2013.......................................................................................................11 Funding..........................................................................................................................................11 Table 2.2: Total Education Expenditure for Further and Higher Education in the UK (£m), 2008/2009-2012/2013........................................................................................................12 Figure 2.2: Total Education Expenditure for Further and Higher Education in the UK (£m), 2008/2009-2012/2013........................................................................................................12

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Further & Higher Education

Contents

Number and Type of Institution ..............................................................................................13 Table 2.3: Number of Further and Higher Institutions in the UK, 2008/2009-2012/2013...............................................................................................13

BY MARKET SECTOR.................................................................................................................14
Further Education........................................................................................................................14 Advanced Learning Loans .........................................................................................................14 More Choice and Variety ...........................................................................................................14 Scottish and Welsh Colleges Merge.........................................................................................14 Higher Education.........................................................................................................................14

FOREIGN STUDENTS AND FOREIGN UNIVERSITIES ........................................................15
Overseas Students in the UK .....................................................................................................15 UK Students Going Overseas ....................................................................................................16

3. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats

17

STRENGTHS..................................................................................................................................17 WEAKNESSES..............................................................................................................................17 OPPORTUNITIES.........................................................................................................................18 THREATS.......................................................................................................................................18

4. Current Issues

19

HIGHER EDUCATION................................................................................................................19
Rises in Tuition Fees ....................................................................................................................19 Table 4.1: Standard Tuition Fees for Undergraduate Degrees (HOME/EU students) at Selected Universities in the UK (£), 2013 Entry.................................................................20

KEY RECENT TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION.................................................................21
Who Goes to University? ...........................................................................................................21 Future Fee Rises............................................................................................................................22 Funding Issues...............................................................................................................................23 Teaching .......................................................................................................................................23 Poorer Students............................................................................................................................23 Calls for Autonomous Education Council ..............................................................................24 Gap Between ’Elite’ Universities and ‘The Rest’....................................................................24

SCOTTISH UNIVERSITIES..........................................................................................................24 UNIVERSITIES INVESTIGATED................................................................................................24 APPRENTICESHIPS .....................................................................................................................25 CHANGES TO FUNDING FOR FURTHER EDUCATION ....................................................25
Further Education in Scotland...................................................................................................25

WELSH MERGERS ......................................................................................................................26 DISTANCE LEARNING ..............................................................................................................26

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Further & Higher Education

Contents

CONCERNS OVER ‘DEAD-END’ COLLEGE COURSES ......................................................27 CHALLENGE OF REACHING OUT TO INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS ...........................27 STRIKES AND PROTESTS .........................................................................................................28 POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS .................................................................................................28 OVERSEAS STUDIES AND LANGUAGES .............................................................................29 PART-TIME STUDENTS..............................................................................................................30 PRIVATISATION OF STUDENT LOANS ................................................................................30

5. Forecasts

31

INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................31
General Economic Forecasts......................................................................................................31 Table 5.1: Economic Forecasts (000, % and million), 2013-2017........................................32

FORECASTS 2013/2014 TO 2017/2018.................................................................................32
Number of Students ...................................................................................................................32 Table 5.2: Forecast Total Number of Students in Further and Higher Education in the UK (000), 2013/2014-2017/2018............................................33 Funding .........................................................................................................................................33 Table 5.3: Forecast Total Education Expenditure for Further and Higher Education in the UK (£m), 2013/2014-2017/2018.............................................34

MARKET GROWTH....................................................................................................................34
Number of Students ...................................................................................................................34 Figure 5.1: Growth in the Total Number of Students in Further and Higher Education in the UK (000), 2008/2009-2017/2018.....................................................................................35 Expenditure ..................................................................................................................................35 Figure 5.2: Growth in Total Education Expenditure for Further and Higher Education in the UK (£m), 2008/2009-2017/2018..................................................................35

FUTURE TRENDS.........................................................................................................................36
Possible Rises in University Fees ...............................................................................................36 UK and International Students Looking Outside of the UK ..............................................36 Distance Learning .......................................................................................................................36

6. Company Profiles 7. Further Sources

37 38

Associations.................................................................................................................................38 Publications.................................................................................................................................38 Government Publications ......................................................................................................38 Other Sources.............................................................................................................................39

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Further & Higher Education

Contents

Key Note Research The Key Note Range of Reports

40 41

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Further & Higher Education

Executive Summary

Executive Summary
This Key Note Market Update covers the UK further education (FE) and higher education (HE) sectors. This includes all types of colleges and universities, including adult education institutions, specialist colleges and business schools. The UK is widely regarded as one of the leading providers of education in the world. Its university sector in particular draws bright students from all over the globe. Three UK universities (the University of Oxford, the University of Cambridge and the London School of Economics and Political Science [LSE]) have a more or less fixed presence in top ten world rankings, while many others appear in the top 50. Both sectors have undergone many changes in recent years, including funding cuts and significant hikes in the cost of learning. This includes the capping of the cost of a typical undergraduate degree at £9,000 per year (previously £3,290). The cost of certain FE courses, for students aged 24 and over, has also risen. Most students affected by these changes are eligible for loans, although the prospect of starting working life with a large debt has pushed some students towards other learning options, such as apprenticeships. Distance learning is also becoming more popular. The UK’s FE and HE sectors are likely to change even more as they attempt to navigate the challenges and changes that the last few years have thrown up. Universities must consider how they will meet the expectations of students now paying considerably more than their predecessors and how they will maintain their global reputations. Key Note predicts that the number of students engaging in FE courses will decrease over the next 5 years, but that the number of people enrolling on HE courses will grow, despite the costs. A key strength of the education sector is that it will always be in demand, no matter how much its services cost.

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Further & Higher Education

Market Definition

1. Market Definition
REPORT COVERAGE
This Key Note Market Update covers the UK’s further education (FE) and higher education (HE) sectors. Both have seen significant change in recent years, which has had a significant impact on institutions and students alike. This report will examine the nature and impact of these changes, the main thrust of which is that post-18 education has become a lot more expensive.

Types of Institution
This Key Note Market Update covers the following ten types of educational institution: • adult education institutes • business schools (some of which are linked to universities) • distance learning providers • FE colleges • HE colleges and institutes • privately owned independent education colleges • sixth-form colleges • specialist colleges • tertiary education colleges • universities.

Qualifications
The scope of this report considers the following qualifications: • General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) • General Certificate of Education (GCE) — Advanced Subsidiary Level (AS level) and Advanced Level (A level) • Higher National Certificate (HNC) and Higher National Diploma (HND) • Foundation degrees • First degrees — Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Science (BSc), etc.

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Market Definition

• Postgraduate degrees — Master of Arts (MA), Master of Science (MSc), Master of Philosophy (MPhil), Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Master of Business Administration (MBA), etc. Qualifications that do not include examinations are not included within the scope of this report. These include many adult education classes, which are covered by Key Note’s Training Market Report.

MARKET SECTORS
Further Education
The following types of institutions are classified as FE: • adult education institutes • distance learning companies and institutions • FE colleges • Privately owned independent colleges • sixth-form colleges • tertiary education colleges.

Higher Education
The main type of institution within this sector is universities, but the HE sector also includes HE colleges and institutes, and some specialist colleges. This sector expanded considerably after 1992 when many polytechnics became universities.

MARKET TRENDS
Cuts to Funding
Recent years have seen significant cuts to funding for both the HE and FE sectors. This has of course had a strong impact on prospective students. Major changes are listed below, and are discussed in further detail in Chapter 4 — Current Issues.

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Further & Higher Education

Market Definition

Adult Education
Adult education was one of the areas hardest hit by Government spending measures. From 1st August 2013, students aged 24 and over on certain courses are responsible for covering the full cost of their studies. Money previously made available in the form of grants to colleges and training providers is now being re-routed via the Student Loans Company (SLC). This means that the costs of courses to be met by students have risen. Students can still access the money once available as a grant, but in the form of a repayable loan.

University Tuition Fees
The Coalition Government announced a cap of £9,000 per year for university courses in 2010. Prior to this, the cap stood at £3,290. The higher fees were introduced from September 2012, with the vast majority of universities electing to raise their fees to the maximum. Attendance at university in Scotland is still free for Scottish and non-UK EU students, but Scottish institutions raised their fees for non-Scottish UK students.

Cuts to University Funding in England
According to the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE), it had a budget of £6.51bn for 2011/2012. This dropped to £5.21bn for 2012/2013. The following year, funding dropped again. The total HEFCE grant available for the 2013/2014 academic year was £4.47bn.

MOOCs
Massive Open Online Courses, or MOOCs, are free courses accessible to anybody with an Internet connection. There are now thousands of MOOCs available, provided by some of the world’s leading universities, including Harvard and Yale. A vast range of subjects are offered in a variety of languages. Students can choose almost anything, from the poetry of Walt Whitman and an Introduction to Philosophy, to Flight Vehicle Aerodynamics and the Higgs boson. Courses do not offer tutoring, but are comprised of videos and quizzes and depend upon students and contribution made by students, via online forums and peer review. Courses tend to take between 2 and 6 hours of independent study a week. According to an article published by the Guardian on 22nd October 2013, MOOCs have been offered by US platforms Coursera, Udacity and EDx for over 2 years, with over 3 million people registering worldwide. These have now been joined by the UK’s Open University, which launched its own platform, FurtureLearn, in September 2013. Bath University’s first course was scheduled for January 2014. Edinburgh University, which had already branched into online Masters degrees, joined Coursera in 2012, the first non-US institution to do so. The University of London is also a Coursera partner.

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Market Definition

MOOCs do not earn their students credits and, as such, do not compete with other degrees. Anecdotal evidence suggests that students tend to take them for interest rather than to enhance careers. That said, although they do not carry official accreditation, most courses offer a free certificate of participation. This proves to prospective employers or education providers that the student is motivated and able to work in their own time. They allow hundreds of thousands of people to access subjects which they would otherwise not be able to study and may attract students to join full-time degree courses in the future. Writing in Times Higher Education on 3rd October 2013, lead author of the report The Maturing of the MOOC — commissioned by the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS) — Stephen Haggard, notes that academics running MOOCs report 100-hour working weeks, and claims that the strong hopes hung on MOOCs and some of the praise they have garnered are ‘hype over reality’. Haggard contends that MOOCs are not strong enough to live up to the weight of the expectations placed upon them and highlights their low completion rates. Haggard, goes on to point out, however, that MOOCs have ‘forced the campus system to prove that it is not over-expensive and underproductive compared with the alternatives’, further adding that: “education by computer software will, for the most part, be the adequate norm for post-school learning. Most of us will earn our degrees at a screen and will be quite relaxed about it”.

Open Educational Resources University Courses
The Open Educational Resources University (OERu) is a platform which launched in October 2013, offering courses from 31 institutions around the world. Like MOOCs, courses are free, but students who complete courses will be able to pay a fee to have their work assessed for academic credit. This would then be recognised by all participating universities. OERu’s partners included one UK university at the time of writing, the University of South Wales.

Rankings
The sixth annual Times Higher Education ‘Table of Tables’ was calculated in 2013 by giving the 30 top-ranked institutions in league tables compiled by The Times and The Sunday Times, the Guardian and The Complete University Guide points corresponding to their position (30 for first place, 29 for second and so on). The top five remained unchanged from the previous year, with the University of Cambridge at number one, followed by the University of Oxford, the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), the University of St Andrews and Durham University. The universities of Surrey, Birmingham, East Anglia, Sheffield and Leicester all climbed, while the universities of Sussex and Glasgow both dropped down, with Sussex dropping out of the table. SOAS (the School of Oriental and African Studies), Manchester and Kent all returned to the top 30.

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Further & Higher Education

Market Definition

ECONOMIC TRENDS
Table 1.1 outlines major economic trends between 2008 and 2012. The data shows that the UK’s population has grown at a steady rate of 0.8% every year since 2009. A growing population may result in greater competition for places on FE and HE courses. Gross domestic product (GDP) at annual chain-linked prices contracted in 2009. Since then, growth has been positive, although it has been weaker year on year. GDP at current prices has also grown annually, rising by 4.8% in 2010, before increasing further by 3.5% and 1.8% in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Positive GDP growth suggests a healthier economy and more confident consumers, but it is not likely to be a significant factor for an individual when choosing whether or not to apply to a study course. Unemployment rose by 68.1% in 2009, leaving 1.53 million people claiming Jobseeker’s Allowance (JSA). This number fell in 2010, but increased again in 2011 and 2012, by 2% and 3.9%, respectively. By the end of 2012, 1.59 million people were claiming JSA. Unemployment can make it difficult for students to afford to study, but an uncertain job market has also meant that many people are choosing to pursue further study. This is, in part, due to the belief that extra qualifications and training could enhance prospects in a competitive job market. The year-on-year increase in household disposable income shown in the table appears positive, growing from £15,008 in 2008 to £16,918 in 2012; however, living costs have risen considerably in recent years, while wages have stagnated. This could make it harder for students who choose to work while studying rather than take out a loan. While fees remain capped, inflation will not have an impact on the price of courses, but it will mean that the money FE and HE institutions receive will decrease in real terms.

Table 1.1: UK Economic Trends (000, £m, %, million and £), 2008-2012
2008 Resident Population Estimates (000) Mid-Years Female Male 31,244 30,154 31,418 30,374 31,619 30,643 31,833 30,902 32,065 31,179 2009 2010 2011 2012

Table continues...

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Market Definition

Table 1.1: UK Economic Trends (000, £m, %, million and £), 2008-2012
...table continued
2008 Total population % change year-on-year Gross Domestic Product (£m) Current prices % change year-on-year Annual chain-linked GDP % change year-on-year Rate of Inflation (%) Inflation Percentage point change year-on-year Actual Number of Unemployed Persons in the UK (million) Actual number of claimants % change year-on-year 0.91 1.53 68.1 1.50 -2.0 1.53 2.0 1.59 3.9 4.0 -0.5 4.6 5.2 3.2 1,462,070 1,417,359 -3.1 1,485,615 4.8 1,536,937 3.5 1,564,639 1.8 2009 2010 2011 2012

61,398 -

61,792 0.6

62,262 0.8

62,735 0.8

63,244 0.8

1,541,039 -

1,461,361 -5.2

1,485,616 1.7

1,502,216 1.1

1,504,091 0.1

-

-4.5

5.1

0.6

-2.0

Table continues...

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Market Definition

Table 1.1: UK Economic Trends (000, £m, %, million and £), 2008-2012
...table continued
2008 Household Disposable Income Per Capita (£) Household disposable income % change year-on-year
GDP — gross domestic product Note: inflation is at retail price index (RPI); inflation data shown are annual average changes; claimant count measures the number of people claiming Jobseeker’s Allowance.

2009

2010

2011

2012

15,008 -

15,443 2.9

16,058 4.0

16,371 1.9

16,918 3.3

Source: Population Estimates for UK, England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland — Population Estimates Timeseries 1971 to Current Year, December 2011/ National Population Projections, 2010-based projections/United Kingdom Economic Accounts, November 2013/Consumer Price Inflation, October 2013/ Labour Market Statistics, November 2013, National Statistics website © Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO (and the Queen’s Printer for Scotland)

MARKET POSITION
The UK
In the UK, the FE and HE sectors compete within the wider learning education market. Competitors include on-the-job training providers and ongoing professional training in areas such a medicine and law. These types of training tend not result in a formal qualification, whereas learning and training provided by colleges usually does. People may also choose to teach themselves certain subjects rather than follow an organised course. They may, however, choose to use a learning provider, such as a college, in order to sit an exam.

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Market Definition

Overseas
Like the US, the UK is recognised internationally as having some of the most prestigious universities in the world. Institution, such as the universities of Oxford and Cambridge are known for the quality of their teaching and research. UK universities are regularly ranked highly by respected league tables, and always have a presence in the top ten. Their ability to compete with universities from other countries may be diminishing, however. Fees are now not so different from the high costs of studying in the US and a crackdown on immigration has made some international students feel unwelcome. Many UK universities now have campuses abroad, enabling students to study at UK establishments without actually coming to the UK.

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Further & Higher Education

Market Size

2. Market Size
THE TOTAL MARKET
Number of Students
Table 2.1 outlines the number of students in further education (FE) and higher education (HE) in the UK up to the end of the academic year 2012/2013. An estimated 4.7 million students were enrolled on an FE course in 2012/2013. Figures produced by the Department for Education (DfE) show that there were 4.8 million FE students in 2011/2012. The number of students studying on FE courses has decreased yearly since 2008/2009. According to DfE figures, of the students enrolled on FE courses in 2011/2012, 87.4% were in England, 4.4% were in Wales, 5.3% were in Scotland, and 2.9% in Northern Ireland. Of this number, 46.1% were male and 53.9% were female. DfE figures show that there were 2.7 million students in HE during 2011/12012, representing a slight increase on the previous year. Key Note estimates that the number of students enrolled on HE courses in 2012/2013 will have decreased since 2011/2012, to 2.6 million. DfE figures show that for the year 2011/2012, 66.9% of HE students were studying on a full-time basis, 56.2% were female, and 21.4% were on postgraduate courses.

Table 2.1: Total Number of Students in Further and Higher Education in the UK (000), 2008/2009-2012/2013
2008/ 2009 Further education % change year-on-year Higher education % change year-on-year e — Key Note estimates Note: includes part-time, full-time, UK and foreign students; the Department for Education revised some data from previous years, meaning that the figures used in this Key Not Market Update may differ from those used in previous editions.

2009/ 2010 5,327.9 -4.3 2,658.2 4.0

2010/ 2011 4,933.0 -7.4 2,659.3 neg.

2011/ 2012 4,826.1 -2.2 2,662.2 0.1

e2012/

2013

5,568.4 2,556.6 -

4,681.3 -3 2,618.2 -1.7

Source: Education and Training Statistics for the UK, 2008-2012, Department for Education © Crown copyright/Key Note

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Market Size

Figure 2.1: Total Number of Students in Further and Higher Education in the UK (000), 2008/2009-2012/2013
6,000 5,500 5,000 4,500 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000
/20 09 /20 10 /20 11 /20 12 20 08 20 09 20 10 20 11 20 12 /20 13

Further education Higher education

Note: includes part-time, full-time, UK and foreign students; the Department for Education revised some data from previous years, meaning that the figures used in this Key Not Market Update may differ from those used in previous editions; 2013 data are Key Note estimates.

Source: Education and Training Statistics for the UK, 2008-2012, Department for Education © Crown copyright/Key Note

Funding
Table 2.2 outlines total education expenditure on further and higher education. The data show a decline in funding for FE between 2009/2010 and 2011/2012, although funding did increase during the following year, by 5.5%. HE has seen a year-on-year decline since 2010/2011. The implications of this are discussed in further detail in Chapter 4 — Current Issues — but they have meant that many education providers face a struggle to deliver the high-quality services and infrastructure that students now expect in relation to the higher fees they are paying. In 2012/2013, total education expenditure for HE was an estimated to have reached £25.61bn, while the figure for FE was £12.03bn.

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Market Size

Table 2.2: Total Education Expenditure for Further and Higher Education in the UK (£m), 2008/2009-2012/2013
2008/ 2009 Further education % change year-on-year Higher education % change year-on-year e — Key Note estimate Note: figures for further education differ from those of the previous edition of this Key Note Market Report due to changes in definition and data recording systems at the source.

2009/ 2010 13,877 11.4 25,856 3.7

2010/ 2011 12,583 -9.3 26,232 1.5

2011/ 2012 11,407 -9.3 26,205 -0.1

2012/ 2013 12,033 5.5 e25,610 12,454 24,939 -

-2.3

Source: Higher Education Statistics Agency/HM Treasury © Crown copyright/Key Note

Figure 2.2: Total Education Expenditure for Further and Higher Education in the UK (£m), 2008/2009-2012/2013
27,500 25,000 22,500 20,000 17,500 15,000 12,500 10,000
09 10 11 12 13

Further education Higher education

/20

/20

/20

/20

08

09

10

11

20

20

20

20

Note: 2012/2013 higher education figure is a Key Note estimate.

Source: Higher Education Statistics Agency/HM Treasury © Crown copyright/ Key Note

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12

/20

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Further & Higher Education

Market Size

Number and Type of Institution
Table 2.3 shows that the total number of FE and HE institutions in the UK has declined over the review period covered within this report. In the academic year 2008/2009, there were 692 institutions operating in the FE and HE sectors. In 2012/2013, that figure stood at an estimated 647 institutions. This is the result of closures and mergers. FE colleges account for almost all the closures, with a net reduction of 43 recorded. Merger programmes in Wales and Scotland have reduced the total number of FE colleges. The number of other types of FE and HE education establishments have remained stable.

Table 2.3: Number of Further and Higher Institutions in the UK, 2008/2009-2012/2013
2008/ 2009 Colleges in the further education sector Of which: — sixth-form colleges Universities Other higher education institutes Total % change year-on-year e — Key Note estimates

2009/ 2010

2010/ 2011

2011/ 2012

e2012/

2013

434

427

416

401

391

94 127 37 598 -

94 126 37 590 -1.3

93 126 37 579 -1.9

95 126 36 563 -2.8

95 126 35 552 -2.0

Source: Education and Training Statistics for the UK, 2008-2012, Department for Education © Crown copyright/Key Note

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Market Size

BY MARKET SECTOR
Further Education
Advanced Learning Loans
As discussed in Chapter 4 — Current Issues — the Government has removed teaching grants for Level 3 and 4 courses being taken by students aged 24 and over. The money has been rerouted via the Student Loans Company (SLC), so that students who cannot afford to pay for their course upfront can borrow the money.

More Choice and Variety
Colleges are offering a wider range of courses, with many available in the evenings or at weekends so that students can work part time or full time while pursuing their studies. Vocational courses are becoming more popular and more available.

Scottish and Welsh Colleges Merge
Several Scottish colleges merged in 2013, creating ‘super’ colleges. This is part of a programme to make savings, with the Education Minister Michael Russell claiming mergers will save £50m per year. In August 2013, six FE colleges in Wales merged into three.

Higher Education
The Higher Education sector is facing many challenges. These are discussed in detail in Chapter 4 — Current Issues — and include: • The rise in tuition fees (from a cap of £3,290 per year to £9,000), which came into effect from the academic year 2012/2013; there is a real possibility that fees will rise again in the future. • The significant gap between wealthier students and the less well-off. • The fact that there has been a 40% decline in part-time study over recent years. • The way in which funding cuts continue to threaten universities, despite the rise in tuition fees. • A decrease in the appropriation of total academic time devoted to teaching students.

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Market Size

• At the time of writing, it had been announced that universities are to be investigated by the Office of Fair Trading (OFT), which will become the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) in 2014. Students and employers were to be asked whether undergraduate courses are delivering value for money following the introduction of raised tuition fees. Depending on the outcome of this, further action may be taken. • The number of students electing to apply for an apprenticeship has increased, implying that students are turning their backs on university courses in favour of a course that pays them to train. • Distance learning is becoming an increasingly attractive option, as it is cheaper and is easier for students attempting to study while working or taking care of a family. • International students (from outside of the EU) are an essential source of funding because they generally pay higher fees (EU students pay the same as UK learners). Recent Government crackdowns on immigration are thought to have discouraged international students from applying to UK institutions, however. • That said, foreign students have outnumbered their UK counterparts in postgraduate education at British universities for the past 5 years. The numbers of international postgraduates has been rising over the past decade, while the number of home students has fallen. A report compiled by the 1994 Group of universities has warned that the UK is providing its economic rivals with highly skilled professionals — as a result of international students returning home — while failing to train enough of its own.

FOREIGN STUDENTS AND FOREIGN UNIVERSITIES
Overseas Students in the UK
International students are attracted to UK universities by their prestigious worldwide reputations. There are also many institutions offering English language courses, and studying and living in the UK also offers the opportunity to learn English to a very high level. Several UK universities appear in the top 100 of respected global league tables while three to four have a more or less fixed presence in the top ten. Many of the UK’s international students come from other European countries, India and the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Overseas students are sought by UK universities because they pay higher fees, thus contributing financially as well as socially, culturally, academically and linguistically. Universities have not previously had to work very hard to attract overseas students, but reaching out to international students may be becoming more challenging. As discussed in Chapter 4 — Current Issues — tighter immigration rules have made some students feel unwelcome and, combined with the hike in fees, have led some students to look elsewhere.

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Market Size

UK Students Going Overseas
Some UK students choose to pursue all or some of their studies abroad, although their numbers are relatively few. UK students can choose to study for their entire degree at a European university, often in English and/or at a low cost. Living abroad also offers the opportunity to learn a second language. The rising cost of tuition may cause more UK students to consider a more affordable university education in Europe. Interest in the US system is also thought to be growing now that the gap between US and UK fees has narrowed. Other foreign study options include spending a term or a year abroad on exchange programmes. A new EU programme for Education, Training, Youth and Sport was announced in November by Universities Minister David Willetts. The 2014-2020 Erasmus+ programme, funded by the European Commission, will help thousands of UK students study overseas and is worth an estimated £793m to the UK. It also brings together a number of existing EU programmes.

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Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats

3. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats
STRENGTHS
• Recent years have provided fresh challenges to UK universities, yet the UK retains its global reputation for having some of the best universities in the world. • There will always be a demand for education. • Although tertiary education can be a very expensive option, financial support in the form of loans and grants makes it easier for people to access courses. Some vocational courses, such as teaching, nursing, speech therapy, etc., are subsidised. • The development of distance learning is making courses available to a wider range and greater number of people. • The high percentage of foreign students in the UK strengthens the university sector culturally, linguistically and academically, and students from outside the EU also make an important economic contribution because they pay higher fees. • Distance learning is becoming a more viable and more respected option, opening up higher education (HE) and further education (FE) courses to many students who may otherwise have been unable to enrol on a course. • To some degree, the education sector is less vulnerable to the effects of recession than many other sectors. This is because there will always be a demand for education, and an uncertain job market can encourage people to strengthen their curriculum vitae (CV) with further study.

WEAKNESSES
• The UK’s FE sector has sustained significant cuts and more are planned for 2014. • Raised tuition fees have made it harder for UK universities to compete with cheaper degree courses offered in other European countries. • Degree programmes which offer few weekly contact hours may struggle to justify their £9,000 price tag to students. • If fees remain capped, their value will decrease in real terms but if they are raised, students are more likely to be discouraged from studying. • The university system appears to be failing to recruit significant numbers of part-time students and home postgraduate students.

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OPPORTUNITIES
• UK FE and HE courses remain in high demand from foreign students, owing to the high reputation of many UK institutions and the high number of English as a Foreign Language courses. • Many UK universities now have campuses in other countries, meaning that students can avoid visa problems, and their costs of travel and living are reduced. • The growth of distance learning means that courses can now reach a wider range and greater number of students. This sector of the market is likely to continue to expand. • Mergers, such as those recently seen in Scotland and Wales, offer opportunities to save money and pool resources. • Unlike most other sectors, learning providers may be able profit to a certain extent from economic uncertainty, because people may choose to strengthen their CV through additional qualifications.

THREATS
• Cuts to funding have affected universities’ ability to provide the kind of services that students expect for £9,000 per year. • Raised fees and a tougher stance on immigration may discourage some international students from applying to study in the UK. • Home students are increasingly looking to the US and the EU for HE courses. • Although financial support is available in the form of loans, the prospect of shouldering a large debt at the start of a person’s working life may discourage many from entering into HE. • If it goes ahead, a possible investigation by the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) — which will replace the Office of Fair Trading (OFT) in 2014 — could mean that universities may find themselves required to make significant changes to prove they are offering value for money. • Apprenticeships are posing a mounting challenge to university courses.

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4. Current Issues
HIGHER EDUCATION
Rises in Tuition Fees
In 2009, the Browne Review, or Independent Review of Higher Education Funding and Student Finance, was launched to consider the future of Higher Education (HE) funding in England. When it was published in October 2010, its recommendations included the removal of a cap on fees (then £3,290 per year) and an increase in the income level at which graduates became eligible to repay their student loans to £21,000. It rejected the proposal by the National Union of Students (NUS) of a ‘graduate tax’ system, whereby graduates would pay an income-related tax. In November 2010, the Coalition Government announced proposals which incorporated many of the Browne Review’s recommendations but which would cap fees at £9,000 per year. A vote was held in December 2010 and, despite protests, a majority agreed to increase the maximum tuition fees to £9,000. Universities charging fees of over £6,000 per year are required to contribute to a National Scholarship Programme (NSP) to improve access for students from poorer families. They are also required to engage in other measures to encourage students from poorer backgrounds to apply, such as offering bursaries and running summer schools and outreach programmes. The £9,000 fee applies to home and EU students, while students from outside the EU pay more. The changes came into effect for students beginning university in autumn 2012, meaning that at the time of writing this report, a second year of students had begun university paying £9,000 per year. Students who had enrolled before autumn 2012 were not affected by the rise. As Table 4.1 illustrates, the vast majority of HE institutions have elected to charge the maximum fee. Universities are offering scholarships of up to £2,000 a year and incentives such as free laptops or tablets. Rises in fees have inevitably meant that universities have come under scrutiny (see below) from students, the media and the Government.

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Table 4.1: Standard Tuition Fees for Undergraduate Degrees (HOME/EU students) at Selected Universities in the UK (£), 2013 Entry
Fees (£) Aston University University of Bath University of Birmingham University of Bristol University of Cambridge Cardiff University University of Cumbria† Durham University University of Edinburgh‡ University of East Anglia University of Exeter University of Glasgow Imperial College London University of Lancaster University of Leeds University of Leicester University of Liverpool King’s College London London School of Economics and Political Science† Royal Holloway School of Oriental and African Studies University College London Loughborough University University of Manchester Newcastle University University of Nottingham University of Oxford University of Sheffield University of St Andrews‡ 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 8,250 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 8,500 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000

Table continues...

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Table 4.1: Standard Tuition Fees for Undergraduate Degrees (HOME/EU students) at Selected Universities in the UK (£), 2013 Entry
...table continued
Fees (£) University of Southampton University of Warwick University of Worcester§ University of York
† — rising to £9,000 for 2014 entry ‡ — Scottish and EU students did not have to pay for university at the time of writing § — rising to £8,900 for 2014 entry Note: figures were correct at the time of publication but may be subject to change; figures are based on a standard undergraduate degree for a home/EU student.

9,000 9,000 8,650 9,000

Source: Key Note

KEY RECENT TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Who Goes to University?
On 11th September 2013, the Guardian reported on a study carried out by the Independent Commission on Fees (ICF), which had found that the rise in tuition fees to £9,000 had not discouraged university applications from students from disadvantaged areas. In fact, the ICF found that applications with historically low numbers of young people progressing to HE showed an increase in 2013 compared with 2010. It also found that more 18 year-olds from poorer areas were applying to England’s 30 most selective universities, according to the article. It has also been reported that record numbers of students have applied to the universities of Oxford and Cambridge (Oxbridge) for 2014 entry. The ICF found that applications from mature students (those aged 20 and over) had fallen by 14% in 2013, compared with 2010, however. Applications from mature students in Northern Ireland and Scotland — where tuition fees were not raised — had continued to increase over the same time period, according to the findings.

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Data published by the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) found the following: • Women are more likely to study for a degree than men. The HEFCE’s report suggests that by 2011/2012 women were (on average) 22% more likely than men to attend university by age 19. In areas of the country where few students go into HE, women were 35% more likely to do so. • 38% of students who were 18 in 2011/2012 went into higher education, up from 30% of those who were 18 in 1998/1999. • The gap between the numbers of rich and poor pupils going to university ‘remains large’. • There has been a 40% decline in part-time study over recent years. This is seen as a cause for concern as part-time students are more likely to come from groups which are currently under-represented in higher education. • 18-year-olds in London are the most likely to go to university. • By 2011/2012, young people in London were more 43% likely to go to university than young people living in the North East. Wimbledon, in south west London, has the highest university participation rate among young people, at 68%.

Future Fee Rises
Fees are currently capped at £9,000 a year, although there is a case for raising tuition costs in line with inflation. If fees are not raised, they will decrease in real terms. Some people have called for significant fee increases, as universities claim that £9,000 is not sustainable. Students are unlikely to just accept regularly rising fees, however. On 7th November 2013, the organisation Universities UK published a report entitled The Funding Challenge for Universities. It found that the HE sector is facing significant financial pressures in the medium term. The report looks at these challenges and examines the funding systems of other countries. Universities UK believes that the UK could learn lessons from the funding systems of other countries. Fee increases will cause the proportion of student loans which will never be repaid to go up also, which will of course have an impact on the student loan system. According to figures from the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR), the impact of student loans on public debt will peak at 6.7% of gross domestic product (GDP) in the early 2030s, equivalent to £103bn in today’s terms.

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Funding Issues
Cuts to capital funding under the Coalition Government have seen universities funding their building projects and covering the maintenance through their own surpluses or through borrowing. Yet, students now paying £9,000 per year expect high quality services and facilities for their money. Many UK universities are concerned about the financial costs that will be involved in meeting these expectations. The UK invests a lower percentage of GDP in its HE system than many other European countries. This situation could undermine the ability of UK institutions to compete in international league tables. The Coalition Government announced, in early 2011, that university funding was to receive £940m in cuts compared with the previous year. Figures published by the HEFCE revealed that it had experienced a cut of £1.3bn for the year 2012/2013 (compared with the previous academic year).

Teaching
On 21st October 2013, the Daily Mail reported that Universities Minister, David Willetts, had said that the university system had become ‘lopsided’, focusing more on research than teaching, because research is where ‘funding and prestige came from’. His report for the Social Market Foundation (SMF) found that the proportion of total academic time devoted to teaching students appears to have fallen from 55% to 40% over the 50-year period between 1963 to 2013. Proposals by David Willets could see universities forced to publish the number and size of their tutorials, seminars and other teaching sessions for each course. Since 2012, universities have already been required to publish contact hours.

Poorer Students
On 18th October 2013, the Daily Telegraph outlined the findings of a report published by the advisory group Supporting Professionalism in Admissions (SPA), which found that leading universities were secretly admitting poor students with lower entry grades, and that institutions were cutting entry requirements at the last minute. The article claimed that the revelations would lead to ‘renewed concerns that universities are trying to ‘socially engineer’ the admissions process’, amid pressure to create greater balance in the student body. The Office for Fair Access (OFA) has repeatedly criticised leading universities for failing to admit enough students from poorer backgrounds.

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Calls for Autonomous Education Council
A report published by the Higher Education Commission (HEC), entitled Regulating Higher Education: Protecting Students, Encouraging Innovation, Enhancing Excellence, stated that the three big political parties must commit to an English higher education bill to avert ‘a threat to the system’. The report said that England’s HE system has been left vulnerable by a lack of regulatory structure and recommended the formation of a Council for Higher Education with more autonomy from the Government to regulate the sector. The study recommends that all HE providers be forced — under threat of fines or closure for non-compliance — to sign up to common regulatory standards.

Gap Between ’Elite’ Universities and ‘The Rest’
Rankings of international universities by the Times Higher Education found that the ‘golden triangle’ of Oxford, Cambridge and four London universities has been able to stand up to growing global competition in the sector, but that other well-known institutions, such as Edinburgh, Manchester, Bristol and Warwick, have slid down. In 2013, the table placed the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) at the top, followed by Oxford and Harvard sharing second place.

SCOTTISH UNIVERSITIES
At the time of writing, eligible Scottish-domiciled students studying full time in Scotland were not required to pay tuition fees if studying for a first degree or equivalent. Student loans and bursaries were also available. Students from the rest of the UK could be charged up to £9,000. Fees for non-Scottish UK students (including those from England, Wales and Northern Ireland) were raised in autumn 2012, amid fears that Scottish universities would be flooded by students seeking to escape the new fees. Under European law, students from other EU member states are also entitled to free tuition. It has been argued that if Scotland becomes independent from England, Wales and Northern Ireland, students from these countries will become eligible for no-fees tuition. According to BBC Scotland, lawyers advising Scottish universities say that they would not breach European law if they asked UK students for top-level fees.

UNIVERSITIES INVESTIGATED
On 22nd October 2013, The Times reported that the competition watchdog, the Office of Fair Trading (OFT), was to ask students and employers whether undergraduate courses are delivering value for money following the introduction of raised tuition fees. The investigation will consider the reasons for the lack of price competition between universities, after almost all of them increased their fees to the maximum of £9,000. It will also look at the accuracy of the information given to prospective students and whether the content and teaching of courses meets expectations.

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At the time of writing, the OFT, which will be replaced by a new body — the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) — in 2014, had issued a call for information, although it could follow up with a more in-depth inquiry. The watchdog has powers to bring prosecutions if it finds breaches of competition or consumer law and could launch a market inquiry into the university sector as a whole. This could ultimately lead to the requirement of significant changes. Alternatively, the CMA could initiate competition enforcement proceedings. A spokesperson for the OFT stated that it was investigating on its own initiative, not in response to complaints.

APPRENTICESHIPS
According to an article published on 30th August 2013 in the Daily Telegraph, many teenagers are rejecting universities in favour of going straight into the workplace via apprenticeships. These offer paid work placements with training, an increasingly attractive option, now that university is a more expensive choice. Data released in August 2013 by the National Apprenticeship Service (NAS) revealed that applications were up by 32% compared with the previous year.

CHANGES TO FUNDING FOR FURTHER EDUCATION
Funding changes to further education (FE) came into effect on 1st August 2013. The changes apply to anyone aged 24 and over who starts a Level 3 (Advanced Level [A level], Access Course, Apprenticeship, etc.) or Level 4 (professional) course in England. Students falling into this category are now responsible for the full cost of their studies. Money previously made available to colleges and training providers from the Department for Business, Innovation & Skills (BIS) is now available to students in the form of loans through the Student Loans Company (SLC). This means that instead of having their courses paid for, students access the same funding but in the form of a loan which must be paid back. Published fees have therefore risen, starting from the academic year 2013/2014. Loans from the SLC are repayable at 9% of any income above a £21,000 threshold.

Further Education in Scotland
Scotland has been pursuing a programme of merging further education colleges into regional clusters, in order to find savings following continued funding cuts. The programme is part of the Post-16 Education (Scotland) Bill, which was introduced on 27th November 2012 and received Royal Assent on 7th August 2013. On 1st August 2013, the BBC reported on the launch of four ‘super colleges’, which had been created out of 11 existing establishments. These are Glasgow Clyde College, West College Scotland, Ayrshire College and Fife College. Education Secretary, Michael Russell, has argued that the mergers could save £50m a year.

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On 29th August 2013, the BBC reported that Audit Scotland, the public spending watchdog, had said that the programme will have to find yet more savings, following a report published in August by Audit Scotland. The organisation has said that between 2011 and 2012, cuts included a £56m reduction from the Scottish Funding Council — the college sector’s main funding source. Over the same period, full-time equivalent staff numbers were cut from 12,800 to 11,600, of which most were teaching staff. On 25th November 2013, The Scotsman reported that the heads of some of Scotland’s largest colleges were to be questioned by Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs) on the impact of the recent mergers. Hugh Henry, convener of the Public Audit Committee, was quoted as saying that colleges face an ‘unprecedented financial squeeze’, with the merger process ‘representing a major challenge for Scotland’s colleges’. The heads of West College Scotland, Perth College, Glasgow Clyde College and Edinburgh College were to be questioned.

WELSH MERGERS
In August 2013, six FE colleges in Wales merged into three. Neath Port Talbot College and Coleg Powys have become the NPTC Group (made up of 12 campuses and 26,000 students); while Coleg y Cymoedd, ‘College of the Valleys’ (made up of 5 campuses and 20,000 students) was created from Coleg Morgannwg and The College Ystrad Mynach, Caerphilly county. Deeside College and Yale College, Wrexham have become Coleg Cambria (27,000 students). Changes came into effect from 1st August 2013. On 21st August 2013, the BBC reported on the merger between the University of Wales: Trinity Saint David (UWTSD) and the FE college Coleg Sir Gar in Carmarthenshire. Coleg Sir Gar, which has five campuses, followed Swansea Metropolitan University, which joined earlier in summer 2013. UWTSD was formed in November 2010 from the merger of Trinity University College and University of Wales Lampeter. It has campuses in Carmarthen, Lampeter and London. In April 2013, the University of South Wales — created from the merger of Glamorgan and Newport universities — opened its doors.

DISTANCE LEARNING
Distance learning can provide a cheaper way to obtain a degree and offers opportunities to students who prefer to study at home or who are unable to attend university for personal reasons such as health, mobility or family commitments. Distance learning is also a means of career development without having to take a career break and students are not restricted by a fixed timetable. Improved Internet access, the integration of communications systems, such as Skype, and more creative use of software and the Internet by learning providers, are also factors which make distance learning an increasingly attractive option. Growing numbers of students may take up the option of distance learning in the future.

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Distance learning poses a different set of challenges, advantages and disadvantages from studying in a more conventional way. Many distance learners juggle their study with other commitments, such as work or family responsibilities. However, it can also be lonely and lack the community feel that universities have, although joining online forums, Facebook groups and other online communities can combat isolation. Some online courses also give students the option of meeting tutors face-to-face or to blend online learning with time on campus. Distance learning can more easily allow students to work or volunteer in sectors which are relevant to their studies at the same time.

CONCERNS OVER ‘DEAD-END’ COLLEGE COURSES
On 19th November 2013, the Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR) reported that up to 50,000 young adults are in what it termed ‘dead-end’ courses, which the think tank claims will not lead to employment. The IPPR argues that many students on such courses would be better off in apprenticeships or ‘stronger’ forms of learning.

CHALLENGE OF REACHING OUT TO INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS
Students from outside the EU generally pay considerably higher fees than those from within it, making them a key source of income for UK universities, not to mention a highly valuable contribution to the social, cultural and linguistic diversity of UK places of learning. But recruiting significant numbers of international students may prove difficult for UK establishments over the coming years. It requires universities to market themselves to a truly international audience as a global brand, and to be able to compete on a world stage. Now that tuition fees have been raised, UK universities have less of an edge over their highly respected US counterparts. They must also compete with universities all over Europe, which offer courses at a much lower price (or free), often in English. UK universities are expanding their global reach in others ways, however, and many now have campuses overseas, with the number having reached 200 by 2012. Recent Government crackdowns on immigration are also likely to have had an impact on applications from international students, either because they believe themselves unwelcome or because they feel they will not be granted a visa. The decision by the UK Border Agency to strip London Metropolitan University of its licence to sponsor international students in August 2012 is thought to have discouraged some students from applying to UK institutions. In the immediate aftermath of this decision, thousands of international students faced the possibility of either transferring to another university or being deported. London Metropolitan’s students subsequently won a reprieve in the High Court.

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According to an article in Times Higher Education, published on 31st October 2013, Indian postgraduate applications to some UK universities with global reputations dropped by almost 30% in 2013. A survey of universities by Times Higher Education shows that across the 18 institutions that supplied figures, there has been an average fall of 8% in Indian postgraduate applications for 2013/2014. Applications from postgraduate students from the UK’s other main source for overseas student recruitment, the People’s Republic of China (PRC), had risen by 6%, however. The survey showed positive results overall. Undergraduate applications for 2013/2014 from non-EU students rose by an average of 8.8% on the previous year, while postgraduate applications were up by 8.9%. It is thought that the fall in postgraduate applications from Indian students is largely due to the Government’s scrapping of the option to apply for a post-study work visa in April 2012. Students wishing to stay on in the UK for work following the completion of their studies must now qualify through the employment visa route. This requires the offer of a job paying an annual salary of more than £20,000. On 24th October 2013, The Independent printed a letter signed by 280 academics urging ministers to stop putting pressure on universities to act as ‘border guards’. They were angered by moves by at least two universities to fingerprint international students to prove their attendance, stating that such policies undermine universities’ duty of care towards their students.

STRIKES AND PROTESTS
Academic and administrative staff walked out on 31st October 2013, striking in an ongoing row over pay. The strike by the University and College Union (UCU), Unison and Unite, was in response to a 1% pay rise offered to university staff. Unions said that pay in real terms had actually been cut by 13% since October 2008. The strike affected around 150 UK universities, including support services such as cleaning and security. In July 2013, it was reported that the University of London had banned student protests and demonstrations in certain areas of the university campus. Students were warned that they could face prosecution if they ignored the new policy.

POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS
Foreign students have outnumbered their UK counterparts in postgraduate education at British universities for the past 5 years. The numbers of international postgraduates has been rising over the past decade, while the number of home students has fallen. A report compiled by the 1994 Group of universities has warned that the UK is providing its economic rivals with highly skilled professionals when students return to their home countries, while failing to train enough of its own.

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The universities are concerned that applications from UK students for postgraduate study courses will drop even further in 2016, when the first cohort of students to have borrowed money to fund £9,000 per year courses graduate. Such debts will make further study less appealing, or impossible, for many students who may otherwise have considered it. Postgraduate qualifications are becoming the required norm for many professions and careers, meaning that students without them may find themselves disadvantaged. At the time of writing it was difficult to secure financial support to study at postgraduate level.

OVERSEAS STUDIES AND LANGUAGES
A new EU programme for Education, Training, Youth and Sport was announced in November by Universities Minister David Willetts. The 2014-2020 Erasmus+ programme will help thousands of UK students study overseas and is worth an estimated £793m to the UK. It is funded by the European Commission and brings together a number of existing EU programmes. It is hoped that the new programme will encourage more British students to study abroad. At present very few choose to do so, although British universities are very popular with overseas students. Willets is quoted in a Government press release as saying: “At present, very few British students study abroad. For every 15 foreign students studying in the UK, there is just one UK student studying abroad. In an increasingly global economy, this means we are missing out on vital skills, which is why we are encouraging our young people to study overseas as part of our International Education Strategy. Erasmus+ will give more young people from the UK the opportunity to experience new cultures, understand different ways of working, develop crucial language skills and give them a global outlook.” Despite the relatively low uptake of opportunities to study abroad, it seems that British students are increasingly looking elsewhere for their education. The tuition fee hike has prompted many to look at courses in the US (as these are no longer as expensive compared with British institutions) or in Europe (which are often free, run in English and offer the chance for students to learn another language). According to an article published in the press on 7th October 2013, more than a third of UK universities have given up offering specialist modern European language degrees over the past 15 years. The article states that since 1998, the number of universities offering French, German, Italian and Spanish as single honours degrees, or jointly with another language, has dropped by 40%. No Northern Irish or Welsh universities offer Arabic or Russian degrees, while outside of England, Japanese is only available at Cardiff and Edinburgh. Although the study of Chinese languages is growing in English universities, it is not available in Northern Ireland. Many commentators fear that a lack of language skills will hold the UK back.

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PART-TIME STUDENTS
Part-time undergraduate numbers fell by 40% in England between 2010/2011 and 2012/2013, the equivalent of over 100,000 students. Numbers have also dropped in Scotland and Wales, but to a lesser extent. A review commissioned by the Government and chaired by the vice-chancellor of Bristol University, Eric Thomas, recommend that higher education institutions, the Government and the funding councils ‘consider the needs of part-time and mature students as an intrinsic part of their thinking, not as an add-on’. The report, entitled The Power of Part-time: Review of Part-time and Mature Higher Education, was released on 16th October 2013. It states that the UK economy ‘relies heavily on part-time higher education to up-skill the working population’ and such study ‘cannot be ignored if we want economic growth’.

PRIVATISATION OF STUDENT LOANS
The Government announced in November 2013 that £890m of student debt, dating from between 1990 and 1998, was to be immediately privatised. Student activists protested against the plans on over 25 campuses, but the debt was sold for £160m on 25th November. Some commentators fear that handing over student debt to private companies will precipitate an increase in the financial burdens placed on students and graduates, if the new owners of the debt raise interest rates.

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5. Forecasts
INTRODUCTION
The fortunes of the further education (FE) and higher education (HE) sectors are fairly closely linked to the health of the economy, but the relationship can be complex. For some people, a tough economic climate may cause them to rule out any FE or HE, deciding that the double impact of higher fees and restricted earning ability while studying is simply too expensive. On the other hand, some students may feel that a depressed job market is a reason to return to education, to bolster their curriculum vitae (CV) and spend their time effectively while waiting for employment prospects to improve. In addition to this consideration, there will always be a demand for education. A struggling economy results in the kind of cuts and fee hikes that both sectors have had to undergo in recent years. Rising costs are likely to price some learners out of the market, while others may look outside of the UK for their post-school education.

General Economic Forecasts
Table 5.1 outlines general economic forecasts for 2013 to 2017. Over the 5-year period, the population is forecast to continue to grow, rising by 3.1% to 65.8 million people. This could be considered beneficial to the FE and HE market, as a growing population means that there are potentially more candidates to take up college and university courses. Gross domestic product (GDP) growth is expected to improve in 2013 and 2014, stabilising in 2016, before declining by 0.1 percentage points to 2.3% in 2017. Inflation is predicted to remain consistent at 3.1% until 2016, when it is projected to increase, reaching 3.5% in 2017. Unemployment is expected to decrease annually, from 1.5 million in 2013 to 1.15 million in 2017.

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Table 5.1: Economic Forecasts (000, % and million), 2013-2017
2013 UK resident population (000) GDP growth (%) Inflation† (%) Unemployment‡ (million)
GDP — gross domestic product † — at retail price index (RPI) ‡ — actual number of claimants; claimant count measures the number of people claiming Jobseeker’s Allowance

2014

2015

2016

2017

63,758 1.3 3.1 1.50

64,271 2.2 3.1 1.39

64,776 2.4 3.1 1.26

65,271 2.4 3.3 1.21

65,755 2.3 3.5 1.15

Source: National Population Projections, 2010-based projections, National Statistics website/Forecasts for the UK Economy, November 2013, Treasury Independent Average © Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO (and the Queen’s Printer for Scotland)

FORECASTS 2013/2014 TO 2017/2018
Number of Students
Key Note predicts that the number of students in FE courses will fall over the forecast period, continuing the decline that has been seen in the sector during the review period of this report. The steepest decline is expected for the academic year 2013/2014, following the introduction of adult education loans and the rise in the cost of Level 3 and Level 4 FE courses for students aged 24 and over. The new requirement for students to meet the full cost of their course — either immediately or later — is likely to have caused several students to reconsider enrolling on FE courses. Key Note expects the decline to continue after 2014/2015, but at a slower rate. It is thought that the number of FE students will be approximately 4 million in 2017/2018. The forecast picture for HE is slightly different. A decline in numbers is predicted for 2013/2014 and for the following year, due to funding cuts and fee hikes causing students to look at options such as foreign study or apprenticeships. A return to growth in the number of students is predicted for the year 2015/2016 onwards, as the nation adjusts to the idea of paying £9,000 per year or more for a degree course. Key Note expects the total number of HE students in the UK to be around 2.6 million during the year 2017/2018.

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Table 5.2: Forecast Total Number of Students in Further and Higher Education in the UK (000), 2013/2014-2017/2018
2013/ 2014 Further education % change year-on-year Higher education % change year-on-year 4,400.0 -6.0 2,561.0 -2.2 2014/ 2015 4,255.0 -3.3 2,523.0 -1.5 2015/ 2016 4,127.0 -3.0 2,548.0 1.0 2016/ 2017 4,045.0 -2.0 2,587.0 1.5 2017/ 2018 3,964.0 -2 2,639.0 2.0

Note: includes part-time, full-time, UK and foreign students.

Source: Key Note

Funding
Key Note expects that the funding for total expenditure on FE will decrease at the start of the forecast period, as Government cuts continue and older students are put off study by the increased cost following the introduction of adult learning loans from August 2013. After 2015/2016, expenditure is set to start to rise again. This is because further cuts are not expected after 2014/2015; older students will have become more used to the notion of paying in full for their courses; and because course prices may rise in line with inflation and rising living costs. Key Note predicts that total education expenditure in 2017/2018 will be £11.51bn. It is thought that total education expenditure on HE courses will rise throughout the forecast period, as students adjust to and accept the idea of paying more for learning. UK courses are expected to continue to be able to attract both home and foreign students, although competition from overseas universities and from alternative options, such as apprenticeships, is expected to become stronger. Key Note predicts that total expenditure on HE will reach £28.96bn in 2017/2018.

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Table 5.3: Forecast Total Education Expenditure for Further and Higher Education in the UK (£m), 2013/2014-2017/2018
2013/ 2014 Further education % change year-on-year Higher education % change year-on-year Source: Key Note 11,467 -4.7 26,426 3.2 2014/ 2015 10,882 -5.1 27,177 2.8 2015/ 2016 11,067 1.7 27,712 2.0 2016/ 2017 11,277 1.9 28,258 2.0 2017/ 2018 11,514 2.1 28,964 2.5

MARKET GROWTH
Number of Students
Key Note predicts that the number of students in FE will have decreased from 5.6 million students in 2008/2009 to almost 4 million in 2017/2018, a drop of 28.8%. The number of HE students is expected to have increased by 3.2% over the same time period, from just under 2.6 million candidates to just over 2.6 million candidates.

© Key Note Ltd 2014

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Further & Higher Education

Forecasts

Figure 5.1: Growth in the Total Number of Students in Further and Higher Education in the UK (000), 2008/2009-2017/2018
6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 /20 18

Further education Higher education

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

Note: includes part-time, full-time, UK and foreign students; 2012/2013 to 2017/2018 data are Key Note estimates.

Source: Education and Training Statistics for the UK, 2008-2012, Department for Education © Crown copyright/Key Note

Expenditure
In terms of total education expenditure, Key Note forecasts that expenditure in 2017/2018 on FE will have decreased from £12.45bn in 2008/2009 to £11.51bn, representing a total decrease of 7.5%. HE expenditure is expected to have grown over the period by 16.1%, from £24.94bn to £28.96bn.

Figure 5.2: Growth in Total Education Expenditure for Further and Higher Education in the UK (£m), 2008/2009-2017/2018
30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

20

Further education Higher education

/20

/20

/20

/20

/20

/20

/20

/20

/20 16 20

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

15

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

Note: 2013/2014 to 2017/2018 data for further education and 2012/2013 to 2017/2018 data for higher education are Key Note estimates.

Source: Higher Education Statistics Agency/HM Treasury © Crown copyright/ Key Note

© Key Note Ltd 2014

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17

/20

35

Further & Higher Education

Forecasts

FUTURE TRENDS
Possible Rises in University Fees
Fees for university courses remained capped at the time of writing, but it is considered likely that fees will rise again at some point in the future. Inflation will mean that the value of the fees paid will decrease in real terms and funding cuts have left some universities struggling to meet the costs of delivering the kind of services that students expect.

UK and International Students Looking Outside of the UK
Rises in tuition fees are causing some UK students to consider university in other European countries and the US. Many European universities offer high quality, low-cost degrees in English, while living abroad also presents language learning opportunities. International students are increasingly likely to consider options outside of the UK following tougher attitudes to immigration and the rise in fees.

Distance Learning
The distance learning sector is expected to increase in the future, in both the FE and HE sectors. Distance learning is cheaper and courses are more easily juggled with part- or full-time work, or volunteer work. It is feasible to study for a degree alongside other commitments and there is no requirement for any kind of relocation. Technological advances have improved the distance learning experience and it is becoming more ‘normal’. Degrees and other qualifications obtained in this way may eventually represent a significant proportion of the FE and HE qualifications attained in the UK.

© Key Note Ltd 2014

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Further & Higher Education

Company Profiles

6. Company Profiles
INTRODUCTION
The following section contains financial profiles of some of the principal companies identified as operating within the market sector discussed in this report. The financial results of some of the important names within the sector may not be reported if: • their principal activities are so varied that their results are not considered applicable to the survey • they are no longer trading as separate companies • their financial data are very out of date.

DEFINITIONS
A company which has a ‘Y’ consolidated value has filed consolidated accounts for the relevant year. † — denotes that the growth rate calculation is invalid, because the figures either move from positive to negative or from negative to positive.

Turnover (Sales)
This includes all income derived from the principal activities of the firm, net of VAT. It encompasses UK sales, exports and overseas and intercompany sales.

Pre-Tax Profit
The net trading profit figure after deduction of all operating expenses, including depreciation and finance charges but before deduction of tax, dividends, subventions or group relief, and other appropriations. Where applicable, it will include the share of profits and losses of associated companies. Items described by the company as exceptional are included; extraordinary items are excluded.

Profit Margin
Pre-tax profit expressed as a percentage of sales.

Average Remuneration
Total employee remuneration divided by the number of employees.

Sales per Employee
Sales divided by the number of employees.

FURTHER INFORMATION
For more detailed financial information telephone Key Note on: 0845-504 0452.

© Key Note Ltd 2014

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Further & Higher Education

Further Sources

7. Further Sources
Associations
Higher Education Funding Council for England http://www.hefce.ac.uk

Publications
The Daily Mail http://www.dailymail.co.uk The Daily Telegraph http://www.telegraph.co.uk The Guardian http://www.theguardian.com Higher Education Commission http://www.policyconnect.org.uk/hec • Regulating Higher Education: Protecting Students, Encouraging Innovation, Enhancing Excellence The Independent http://www.independent.co.uk The Scotsman http://www.scotsman.com The Times http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news Times Higher Education http://www.timeshigher education.co.uk Universities UK http://www.universitiesuk.ac.uk • The Funding Challenge for Universities

Government Publications
Department for Education https://www.gov.uk/government/ organisations/department-of-health • Education and Training Statistics for the UK, 2008-2013 HM Treasury https://www.gov.uk/government/ organisations/hm-treasury • Forecasts for the UK Economy — Treasury Independent Average, November 2013

© Key Note Ltd 2014

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Further & Higher Education

Further Sources

National Statistics http://www.statistics.gov.uk • Consumer Price Inflation, October 2013 • Labour Market Statistics, November 2013 • National Population Projections, 2010-based projections • Population Estimates for UK, England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland — Population Estimates Timeseries 1971 to Current Year, December 2011 • United Kingdom Economic Accounts, November 2013

Office for Budget Responsibility http://budgetresponsibility.org.uk

Other Sources
BBC www.bbc.co.uk

© Key Note Ltd 2014

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Further & Higher Education

Key Note Research

Key Note Research
Key Note is a leading supplier of market information, publishing an extensive range of consumer, industrial, business-to-business and services titles. With over 30 years’ experience, Key Note represents clear, concise, quality market information. For all reports, Key Note undertakes various types of research: Online searching is carried out by product code or free search method, and covers the period from the last edition of the report to the current day. Trade sources, such as trade associations, trade journals and specific company contacts, are invaluable to the Key Note research process. Secondary data are provided by Kantar Media (TGI) and Nielsen for consumer/demographic information and advertising expenditure, respectively. In addition, various official publications published by National Statistics, etc. are used for essential background data and market trends. Interviews are undertaken by Key Note for various reports, either face-to-face or by telephone. This provides qualitative data (‘industry comment’) to enhance the statistics in reports; questionnaires may also be used. Field research is commissioned for various consumer reports and market reviews, and is carried out by NEMS Market Research. Key Note estimates are derived from statistical analysis and trade research carried out by experienced research analysts. Up-to-date figures are inserted where possible, although there will be some instances where a realistic estimate cannot be made or external sources request that we do not update their figures. Key Note Editorial, 2014

© Key Note Ltd 2014

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Further & Higher Education

The Key Note Range of Reports

The Key Note Range of Reports
Key Note publishes over 180 titles each year, across both the Key Note and Market Assessment product ranges. The total range covers consumer, lifestyle, financial services and industrial sectors.
Title Edition Published Title C Edition Published

Key Note Current Reports A
ABC1 Consumer Access Control Accountancy Activity Holidays Advertising Agencies Airlines Airports All-Inclusive Holidays Alternative Healthcare Arts & Media Sponsorship Automatic Vending Automotive Services Autoparts
B

C2DE Consumer 7 13 17 5 5 23 16 2 8 4 26 8 20 2 7 16 26 20 22 5 18 28 17 30 18 6 18 12 15 11 3 15 7 2012 2013 2014 2012 2012 2013 2013 2012 2013 2011 2013 2012 2012 2011 2013 2013 2013 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 Canned Foods Car Dealers Care Homes Carpets & Floorcoverings Catering Equipment Catering Market Charity Funding Chemical Industry Childcare Children’s Publishing Childrenswear Chilled Foods China & Earthenware Cigarettes & Tobacco Closed-Circuit Television Clothing & Footwear Industry Clothing Manufacturing Clothing Retailing Coffee & Sandwich Shops Commercial Dynamics in Financial Services Commercial Insurance for Small Businesses Commercial Vehicles Computer Hardware Computer Services Computer Software Condiments & Sauces Confectionery Construction Industry Consumer Credit & Debt Consumer Magazines Contact Centres Contraception Contract Catering & Foodservice Management Contract Cleaning Cooking & Eating Habits Cooking Sauces & Food Seasonings

7 18 1 2 18 15 21 5 15 7 4 10 18 29 27 14 13 17 10 8 4 4 17 11 10 9 5 31 11 7 19 9 5 22 23 7 6

2013 2011 2013 2013 2014 2012 2009 2013 2013 2012 2012 2013 2014 2013 2013 2013 2010 2013 2013 2013 2010 2012 2014 2013 2012 2013 2008 2013 2009 2012 2014 2013 2011 2013 2013 2012 2013

B2B Marketing Baby Products Baths & Sanitaryware Betting & Gaming Biscuits & Cakes Book Publishing Book Retailing on the Internet Bookselling Bread & Bakery Products Breakfast Cereals Breweries & the Beer Market Bricks & Tiles Bridalwear Builders’ Merchants Building Contracting Building Materials Bus & Coach Operators Business Postal Services Business Press Business Travel

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Further & Higher Education

The Key Note Range of Reports

Title

Edition

Published

Title

Edition

Published

Corporate Hospitality Corporate & Promotional Giftware Cosmetic Surgery Cosmetics & Fragrances Courier & Express Services Cruise Market Customer Magazines Customer Relationship Management Customer Services in Financial Organisations
D

7 5 10 26 18 3 6 5 5

2012 2013 2012 2013 2013 2012 2014 2013 2010

European Trends in Food Shopping Exhibitions & Conferences
F

4 13

2009 2013

Fast-Food & Home-Delivery Outlets Film Market Financial Services Marketing to BCs Financial Services Marketing to DEs Financial Services Marketing to Start-Up Businesses & the SelfEmployed Financial Services Marketing to the Affluent Financial Services Organisations on the Internet Fire Protection Equipment Fish & Fish Products Fitted Kitchens Food Industry Football Clubs & Finance Footwear Forecourt Retailing Franchising Freight Forwarding Frozen Foods Fruit & Vegetables Fruit Juices, Energy & Juice Drinks Functional Foods Further & Higher Education
G

27 2 1

2013 2009 2009 2009

Debt Services (Commercial & Consumer) Defence Equipment Diet Foods Digital Broadcasting Digital Communications Direct Insurance Direct Marketing Direct Mortgages Discount Retailing Disposable Paper Products Distribution Industry DIY & Home Improvements Industry Domestic Heating Drinks Market
E

3 1 5 10 15 12 20 5 18 9 13 18 26 24 16 6 9 15 8 13 20 17 6 28 6 17 12 6 6 4 1

2010 2009 2013 2013 2012 2013 2010 2013 2013 2012 2012 2011 2012 2014 2014 2010 2014 2013 2014 2010 2011 2013 2013 2014 2013 2013 2013 2008 2012 2012 2013

8 11 5 6 2 6 20 9 9 14 10 11 15 19

2014 2010 2013 2012 2012 2010 2012 2013 2013 2013 2009 2009 2013 2009

E-Commerce: The Internet Grocery Market E-Commerce: The Internet Leisure & Entertainment Market Electrical Contracting Electrical Wholesale Electricity Industry Electronic Banking Energy Industry Equipment for the Disabled E-Recruitment Estate Agents Estate Agents & Services Ethnic Foods European Long-Term Insurance European Renewable Energy European Short Breaks European Telecommunications European Tourist Attractions

8 5 10 6 9 4 8 7 4 18 6 18 4 2 2 3 3

2014 2008 2011 2013 2013 2008 2010 2014 2012 2011 2012 2013 2008 2008 2008 2010 2010

Garden Equipment Gas Industry General Insurance Giftware Glassware Green & Ethical Consumer Greetings Cards Grey Consumer
H

Hand Luggage & Leather Goods Health Clubs & Leisure Centres Healthy Eating Holiday Purchasing Patterns Home Entertainment Home Entertainment (Audiovisual)

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The Key Note Range of Reports

Title

Edition

Published

Title

Edition

Published

Home Entertainment (Computing & Gaming) Home Furnishings Home Shopping Horticultural Retailing Hot Beverages Hotels Housebuilding Household Appliances (Brown Goods) Household Appliances (White Goods) Household Detergents & Cleaners Household Furniture
I

Mobile Marketing 1 21 15 18 7 27 21 13 19 17 21 16 5 12 10 13 2 2 8 6 11 14 27 9 11 1 3 3 6 11 3 5 4 23 18 4 6 7 7 27 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2012 2014 2013 2013 2009 2009 2012 2008 2013 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2013 2013 2013 2010 2010 2013 2013 2010 2008 2012 2013 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013 Mobile Phones Motor Finance Motor Industry Music Industry
N

1 9 5 12 2 3 20 6 5 3 9 23 7 19 5 8 16 1 15 6 13 13 16 16 7 2 5 4 5 6 1 3 5 7 11 17 23 9 29 4 13

2009 2013 2013 2008 2010 2012 2014 2013 2014 2008 2010 2013 2013 2013 2010 2012 2013 2009 2013 2010 2008 2012 2012 2012 2013 2012 2012 2008 2013 2008 2008 2009 2012 2013 2013 2013 2013 2014 2013 2012 2010

Natural Products Newspapers Non-Food Sales in Supermarkets Non-Metal Recycling Nutraceuticals
O

Office Equipment Industry Office Furniture Offshore Oil & Gas Industry Ophthalmic Goods & Services Opticians & Optical Goods Organic Food & Drink OTC Pharmaceuticals Over-50s Consumer Own Brands
P

Ice Creams & Frozen Desserts Independent Financial Advisers Insurance Companies Insurance Industry Insurance Market Insurance Prospects Internet & Telephone Banking Internet Advertising IT Recruitment IT Security IT Training
J

Packaging (Food & Drink) Packaging (Glass) Packaging (Metals & Aerosols) Packaging (Paper & Board) Packaging (Plastics) Pensions Personal Banking Personal Lines Insurance Personal Loans Pet Market Pharmaceuticals Industry Planning for Retirement Plus-Size Fashion Poultry Power Tools Premium Lagers, Beers & Ciders Printing Private Healthcare Protective Clothing & Equipment Public Houses Public Relations Industry Publishing Industry

Jewellery & Watches
K

Kitchenware
L

Laboratory Equipment Legal Services to Consumers Leisure in the Home Leisure Outside the Home Lifestyle Magazines Lingerie Local Government Services Low-Fat & Reduced-Sugar Foods
M

Marketing in the Digital Age Meat & Meat Products Medical Equipment Medical & Health Insurance Men & Women’s Buying Habits Men’s Toiletries & Fragrances Metal Recycling Milk & Dairy Products

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The Key Note Range of Reports

Title R

Edition

Published

Title

Edition

Published

Trends in Leisure Activities 8 14 13 13 6 27 18 23 2 13 7 13 15 4 5 5 2 14 22 2 20 5 3 15 18 13 9 27 5 4 16 18 6 4 21 24 6 26 21 17 25 5 2011 2013 2014 2014 2013 2013 2013 2012 2009 2012 2013 2010 2012 2013 2012 2013 2010 2013 2013 2012 2013 2013 2014 2013 2013 2010 2013 2013 2013 2013 2010 2011 2013 2013 2013 2011 2013 2013 2013 2010 2013 2008 Tyre Industry
U

5 7 1 5 7 7 11 2 8 19 12 8 22 23 5 5

2012 2014 2009 2013 2012 2012 2014 2013 2013 2012 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2009

Rail Travel Ready Meals Recruitment Agencies (Permanent) Recruitment Agencies (Temporary & Contract) Renewable Energy Restaurants Retail Pharmacies Road Haulage Rural Economy
S

UK Internet Market Utilities
V

Vegetarian Foods Vehicle Breakdown Services Vehicle Security Video Gaming Vitamins, Minerals & Supplements
W

Sauces & Spreads Savings & Investments Security Industry Shopfitting Shopping Centres Singles Market Slimming Market Small Businesses & Banks Small Domestic Electrical Appliances Snack Foods Social Media Marketing Soft Drinks (Carbonated & Concentrated) Soup Market Spirits & Liqueurs Sports Clothing & Footwear Sports Equipment Sports Market Sports Sponsorship Stationery (Personal & Office) Supermarket Own Labels Supermarket Services Sweet & Salty Snacks
T

Wallcoverings & Ceramic Tiles Waste Management Water Industry Windows & Doors Wine Women's Plus-Size Fashion Working Women

Key Note Archive Reports
A

Aerospace Agrochemicals & Fertilisers Air Freight Air Transport Logistics Animal Feedstuffs Audio Visual Retailing
B

12 3 2 1 11 1 3 1 2 2 2 10 6 16 9 1 8 1 4 3 12

2003 2002 2005 2003 2001 2000 2006 2000 2007 2000 2001 2004 2006 2001 2001 2000 2004 2004 2000 2007 2002

Baby Foods Baths & Showers Bearings Beds, Bedrooms & Upholstered Furniture Bottled Water
C

Take-Home Trade Teenage & Pre-Teen Magazines Teenage Fashionwear Timber & Joinery Toiletries Tourist Attractions Toys & Games Training Travel & Tourism Market Travel Agents & Overseas Tour Operators Trends in Food Shopping

Cable & Satellite TV Call Centres Cash & Carry Outlets Cinemas & Theatres Clothing Retailers Commercial Radio Consumer Borrowing in Europe Consumer Internet Usage Contracted-Out Services Convenience Retailing

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The Key Note Range of Reports

Title

Edition

Published

Title G

Edition

Published

Cross-Border Shopping Customer Loyalty in the Financial Services
D

1 1 3 7 3 2 3 1 4 5

2000 2000 2004 2003 2000 2003 2007 2007 2006 2005

Generation Y Global Positioning Systems Global Waste Management
H

1 1 2 22 10 9 1 2 8 5 8 2 8 2 2 15 14 10 3 9 2 2 3 3 1 2 14 5 2 1 14 13 2 10 1 2

2007 2002 2070 2003 2005 2002 2000 2005 2001 2000 2001 2005 2005 2002 2006 2005 2002 2003 2003 2001 2002 2007 2002 2004 2007 2005 2002 2007 2004 2002 2005 2007 2005 2003 2001 2001

Dark Spirits & Liqueurs Defence Industry Design Consultancies Digital TV DINKY Market Document Imaging Systems Domestic Telecommunications Dry Cleaning & Laundry Services
E

Health Foods Healthcare Market Heating, Ventilating & Air Conditioning
I

In-Car Entertainment Individual Savings Accounts Industrial Fasteners Industrial Pumps Industrial Valves Internet Service Providers Internet Usage in Business Issues & Challenges in the UK Life Assurance Market Issues in Higher Education Funding
L

Electronic Component Distribution Electronic Component Manufacturing Electronic Games Equipment Leasing E-Shopping European Electricity Industry European Gas Industry European Oil & Gas Industry European Water Industry Extended Financial Families
F

12 11 4 12 1 3 3 2 3 1 2 11 1 4 1 1 3 8

2002 2002 2003 2003 2002 2007 2007 2007 2007 2005 2003 2000 2000 2006 2004 2004 2007 2004

Leisure & Recreation Market Lighting Equipment
M

Factoring & Invoice Discounting Finance Houses Financial Services Marketing to ABC1s Financial Services Marketing to ABs Financial Services Marketing to C1C2DEs Financial Services Marketing to Over-60s Financial Services Marketing to the Retired & Elderly Free-To-Air TV

Management Consultants Marketing to Children 4-11 Mechanical Handling Millenium Youth Mobile Telecommunications
N

New Media Marketing
O

Off-Trade Spirits Organic Baby & Toddler Care Over-40s Consumer
P

Paper & Board Manufacturers Passenger Travel in the UK Pay TV Pension Extenders Photocopiers & Fax Machines Plant Hire Plastic Cards in Europe Plastics Processing Pre-School Childcare Private-Sector Opportunities in Education

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Further & Higher Education

The Key Note Range of Reports

Title

Edition

Published

Title

Edition

Published

Process Plant Industry Public Transport
R

1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 4 2 1 1 2 20 3 21 2 11 4

2000 2001 2003 2006 2000 2000 2001 2003 2002 2001 2004 2001 2001 2000 2003 2007 2007 2003 2004 2002

The Fish Industry The Legal Services Market The Luggage Market The Newspaper Industry Tweenagers
V

1 1 1 3 1 8 4 1 2 1 3

2001 2005 2000 2005 2001 2005 2007 2003 2000 2005 2007

Rail Transport Logistics Railway Industry Recycling & the Environment Retail Credit Retail Development Road Transport Logistics
S

Video & DVD Retail & Hire Videoconferencing
W

Water Transport Logistics White Goods White Spirits Women Over 45

Saving Trends in Eurozone Short Break Holidays Short Breaks Small Office Home Office Consumer Small Office Home Office Products Sponsorship Supermarkets & Superstores
T

Teenage Magazines Telecommunications Teleworking The Computer Market The Film Industry

© Key Note Ltd 2014
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, copied, stored in an electronic retrieval system or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Published by Key Note Ltd, 5th Floor, Harlequin House, 7 High Street, Teddington, Richmond Upon Thames, TW11 8EE. Telephone: 0845-504 0452 Stringent efforts have been made by Key Note to ensure accuracy. However, due principally to the fact that data cannot always be verified, it is possible that some errors or omissions may occur; Key Note cannot accept responsibility for such errors or omissions. Details supplied by Key Note should only be used as an aid, to assist the making of business decisions, not as the sole basis for taking such decisions. Under the new Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations 2004, it is unlawful for a business to make an unsolicited sales & marketing call to a corporate subscriber if it is either registered with CTPS or has requested NOT to receive such calls. Key Note Ltd holds and regularly updates (every 28 days) its data in accordance with the regulations and ensures that its data are compliant, as of the date created. It is the responsibility of the caller to ensure that these data are up to date; Key Note Ltd does not hold itself liable for any subsequent legalities. If you have any queries regarding the CTPS legislation you may find the following website useful: www.ico.gov.uk

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...contributions to pop culture through artists like The Beatles, England has played a large role in making our world what it is today. In addition, England is one of the world” best educational systems”, making it an obvious choice for many students in the world those looking not just to expand their horizons, but to receive a top-notch education abroad as well. Carla Stanton, International Manager of...

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