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Marketing Reserch

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The MALDIVES NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Business school

MARKETING RESEARCH (MKT 205) COMPONENT ONE

Bachelor in Business (Sem.4) Date: 6th August 2015 Content

Executive summary---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
Introduction-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
Problem discovery stage---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 * Background of tourism and women in Maldives-----------------------------------------------------4 * Discussion with decision maker--------------------------------------------------------------------------5 * Discussion with expert -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 * Discussion with local women-----------------------------------------------------------------------------6 * Secondary data analysis------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
Problem definition----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 * Management problem--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 * Research statement-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 * Research questions------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7
Reference ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8
Minutes ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9

Executive summary
Marketing research is very important for business as it shows a clear a picture of what is occurring and, when done well, offers alternative choices that can be made. This marketing research is divided into three components. The first component is problem definition and secondary research. Second component is qualitative primary research and third component is survey instrument and sampling plan. This report is focusing on component one. This will include the introduction, problem discovery stage, problem definition along with its research questions.
Introduction
Tourism sector of Maldives dominates the economy with 27% of gross domestic product (GDP) (Tourism, 2014). This makes country’s economy heavily dependent on this sector .There are approximately 114 resorts in Maldives. This sector creates lots of job opportunities for Maldivians. However there are relatively less women working in tourism sector compared to men. 1% of Resort labour force is made of Maldivian women opposed to 40% which are Maldivian men (National Bureau of Statistic, 2015). We wanted to know the reason behind this and this qualitative study was undertaken. The purpose of this research is to explore the reason why Maldivian women are less in resort industry compared to man and to show the initiative taken by tourism Ministry, Resorts and other respective organizations to empower women’s to work in resorts. Involved participants in this study are, Ministry of tourism, PER AQUUM Huvafen fushi and Maldivian local community. We also used a research done by students of LUND University, Eva Alm and Susanna Johansson as our secondary research information.

Figure [ 1 ]

Problem discovery stage
Background of tourism and women in Maldives
Ahmed is a 44 year old men living on a local island of Maldives. He has an 18 year old daughter named Mariyam. Mariyam has completed her O’ levels and is unemployed as there are not many job opportunities available in their island. There is a tourist resort near Ahmed’s island where jobs are available, however Ahmed refuses to send his daughter to the resort. He says that “women should not work in resorts as it is perceived as bad, resorts are not a good place for women to be. Some of the things happening in the resorts are against my religion and if my daughter is sent there she will be known as a bad girl amid the society.” This perception is not uncommon in Maldives. Very few Maldivian women are involved in a job related to resort sector.
Maldives is made of 1192 small islands, from which 198 islands are inhabited and approximately 114 islands are developed as resorts (Ministry of Tourism, 2011). The first resort of Maldives Kurumba Island Resort was established in 1972 (Kurumba Maldives, n.d.). Since then more islands were developed as resorts and Maldives became a world known resorts destination. Maldivian resorts are isolated on its own. Employees of most resorts lives in staff’s quarters of resorts. Geography of Maldives limits interaction between resorts and local communities. Moreover, the government of Maldives have separated resorts and islands to protect the traditional lifestyle and the religion.
Maldives have not reached the third Millennium development goal which is gender equality and empowerment. It means there are still inequalities in the gender. Women unemployment is about 24% and the men unemployment is 8% (UNDP Maldives , 2010). However, women participation in the labor force is steadily increasing. Women participation in labor is highest in sectors like education, health, and agriculture and lowest in tourism sector (National Bureau of statistics , 2007).
In Maldives females have the same access to education and health services as males. Maldivian households are female headed. Men are the bread winners who work away from home. Women do all the household chores and they are given all the household responsibilities.
Discussions with decision maker
Why Maldivian women does not want to work in resorts? Almost every management of Maldivian resorts want as answer for this question. They raise this question as number of women who apply for their jobs are very less and they want to know the actual reason behind this. This research aims to find out the reason behind why women does not apply to resort jobs and why they does not want to work in resorts.
According to the human resource director of PER AQUUM Huvafen fushi Mr. Mohmed Athif, only 20 staffs working in their resort are women while there are 109 men. According to him the school system of Maldives does not encourage student to build their carrier in resort sector. He believes that the resort environment of Maldives is not safe for women, moreover the culture and religion of Maldives also prevent women from working in resort. Mr Athif says that not having enough women in resorts creates lots of problem as tourists wants to see more girls in resorts because they find it more appealing. According to him there are lots of job opportunities available in the resorts for women like hostess, waitress, front office staffs etc. However women applying for those jobs are very less. Discussion with expert
The whole problem of women being less in resort sector is discussed with the Ministry of Tourism’s Director of planning Mr. Ali Shinaan. Mr. Shinaan also raised a lot of concerns regarding this matter. He states that this is a really big issue as it is related to the development of the Maldives. According to him one of the main challenge faced is the perception of the people as people believe that resorts are not a good environment for the women. He says that they are trying to change this perception of people by proving people that resorts are safe for women. He states that sometimes the resorts discriminate men and women and prefer men over women. According to Shinaan women’s working in resorts are bullied by male colleagues. Moreover, activities which are forbidden in Islamic religion like drinking alcohol and eating pork also takes place in resorts and this is one of the main reasons why women’s don’t want to work in resorts. He says that women’s are very much needed in resort sector as they have a natural hospitality in them. In addition, he states that the Ministry of Tourism is very concerned with the issue and are planning a lot of programs to tackle this problem.
Discussion with local women
Several women were asked their opinion about working in a resort. These women’s were of different ages. 78% of respondents said that they won’t work in a resort, While 22% said they will if given a chance. Many respondents feel that resort environment is not suitable for women and is not safe for them. Lots of respondents also says that they won’t go to a resort as they have to be away from their family. Many women said “No” to work in resort as they have no interest in the field. Most of the respondents are not allowed to work in resorts by their families, while they are interested in resort jobs. 25% of women’s have to say ‘No’ because of their families. The few respondents who said ‘yes’ to work in resort says that they believe that there are good opportunities available for them in resorts and there is a bright future in resort sector. Many of the respondents also said that it depends on the job and the salary. According to them most Maldivian women does not know the opportunities in resorts for women and the actual condition of the resorts.
Secondary data analysis
A research done by LUND Universities two students, Eva Alms and Susanna Johnsson on the year 2011, was used as secondary data to do this research. The title of this research is “Women in tourism: Challenges of including women in the Maldives resort sector”. The purpose of their research was to explore the challenges of including Maldivian women in employment and entrepreneurial activity in the Maldivian resort sector. Their research drew insight from two theoretical approaches, cultural theory and feminist political economy. This research states cultural and religious difference are highly influencing the women participation in resorts. The research also emphasizes on the importance of looking at women’s role in Maldivian society.
Several reports have been published by government and international organizations such as UNDP which shed light on women low participation in resort sector. For instance, International Trade Union Confederation ( ITUC ) (ITUC, 2009), found that women in Maldives are not participating in the resort sector due to social perception that unmarried young women should not work in the resorts and be away from their home environment for extended period.
Problem definition
Management problem
As mentioned earlier 27% of Maldivian GDP is contributed by tourism sector. This economic contributor have provided a great source of employment for both men and women of Maldives. However only 1% of total resort labour force is made of Maldivian women as seen in figure 2. This also shows that both foreigners and Maldivians combined, 92% of resort labour force is made of men while only 8% is made of women. This brings our focus to the problem why less Maldivian women work in resort industry.
(National bureau of statistic, 2015)
Figure [ 2 ]
Research statement
The research statement of this research is “Number of Maldivian women working in resort industry is less compared to men”. The aim of this research is to know the reason behind the problem why less Maldivian women work in resorts.
Research question
To generate answers about the problem, the following questions must be answered.
Q1- Why is this problem so important?
Q2- Is there any statistical data which proves that number of local women are less compared to men?
Q3- Why women are less compared to men?
Q4- What are the actions taken by respective organizations?
Reference

* Tourism ministry. (2014), Tourism yearbook, Retrieved from http://www.tourism.gov.mv/downloads/2014dec/tourism%20year%20book%202014.pdf * National Bureau of Statistics. (2015), Preliminary results, Retrieved from http://www.statisticsmaldives.gov.mv/preliminary%20results.pdf * Eva Alm and Sussana Johansson. (2011), Women in Tourism: challenges of including women in the Maldivian resort sector. Lund University, Lund university mater in international development and management. Retrieved from https://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=1967583&fileOId=1967593 * Mr.Ali Shinaan (04.08.2015), Director of Planning, Ministry of Tourism. Personal communication. * Mr.Mohamed Athif (05.08.2015), Director of Human resources, PER AQUUM Huvafen fushi. Personal communication. * UNDP Maldives. (2011), About the Maldives (online) available at; http://www.mv.undp.org/

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