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Marketing

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Submitted By dinu2310
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Predgovor................................................................................................................. str.2
Voved vo promotivnite aktivnosti.................................................................... str.3
Komunikaciski proces.......................................................................................... str.4
Elementi na promotivniot miks......................................................................... str.5
Ekonomska propaganda........................................................................................... str.5
Unapreduvawe na proda`bata ili proda`na promocija................................ str.9
Odnosi so javnosta ili publicitet.................................................................... str.9
Li~nata proda`ba kako komunikaciski proces ........................................... str.11
Direkten ili interaktiven marketing........................................................... str.12
Planirawe na promotivniot miks.................................................................... str.13
Podgotovka i buxet............................................................................................... str.14
Izbor na promotiven miks.................................................................................. str.15
Evaluacija............................................................................................................... str.16
Zaklu~ok.................................................................................................................. str.16
Koristena literatura.......................................................................................... str.17

PREDGOVOR

Ovoj trud pretstavuva seminarska rabota po predmetot Reklamirawe i promocija na FDEION pri Univerzitetot Amerikan Kolex Skopje. Kako takov ima za cel da gi prezentira konceptualnite sposobnosti na avtorot za predmetnata materija. Vo nego se pravi obid nakratko da se analizira upravuvaweto so promotivnite aktivnosti od strana na finansiskite institucii - bankite, od aspekt na na~elata koi se izu~uvaat vo ovoj predmet. Istovremeno vo zaklu~ocite se davaat i nasoki vo koj pravec bi trebalo da se razvivaat promotivnite aktivnosti.

I. VOVED VO PROMOTIVNITE AKTIVNOSTI

Esencija na marketingot e kreirawe kupuva~i t.e. konsumenti na proizvodi ili uslugi, {to se ostvaruva preku kreirawe soodvetna ponuda na sopstvenite uslugi, vrz osnova na prethodnite soznanija od istra`uvaweto na marketingot. Cel i zada~a na soodvetna marketing-politika ne mo`e da bide ni{to drugo osven kreirawe preferencija za sopstvenite proizvodi-uslugi. Kreiraweto preferencija e dotolku pozna~ajno za finansiskite institucii, kade doverbata ima neprocenlivo zna~ewe. Eden od najzna~ajnite faktori na kreirawe preferencija e sekako promocijata, koja opfa}a aktivnosti i procesi na informirawe i komunicirawe na pazarot, odnosno site sredstva vo marketing-spletot, ~ija uloga e persuasivnata komunikacija. [1] Promocijata e zna~aen marketing element vo bankarstvoto, nezavisno dali stanuva zbor za pazarot na fizi~ki lica, ili za korporativen pazar. Pome|u najva`nite celi na promocijata mora da bide kreiraweto na doverba.Doverbata mo`e da proizleze od interakciite „~ovek na ~ovek” , i/ili od nepersonalni,simboli~i prezentacii. Evidentno e deka promocijata ja generira “pojavnata forma” na marketingot na bankata. Promocijata ja opfa}a masovnata depersonalizirana ekonomska propaganda , kako i metodite na odnosi so javnosta i publicitetot i ostanatite vidovi personalizirani i depersonalizirani vidovi komunikacija, kakvi {to se unapreduvawe na proda`bata,li~nata proda`ba i direktniot marketing. Promocijata e pazarna komunikacija , i kako takva pretstavuva dvonaso~en proces. Dvonaso~nosta , odnosno interaktivnosta e tokmu i su{tinskiot element na distinkcija pome|u proda`nata i marketing orienatacijata. Spored pove}e marketing avtori , promocijata se sostoi od slednite elementi [2]: ekonomska propaganda ; unapreduvawe na proda`bata; odnosi so javnosta i publicitet; li~na proda`ba ; direkten i interaktiven marketing.

II. KOMUNIKACISKI PROCES

Sovremeniot marketing podrazbira dvonaso~na komunikacija na subjektite na pazarot. Komunikacijata mo`eme da ja definirame i kako proces preku koj informaciite se razmenuvaat pome|u individuite, preku voobi~aen sistem na simboli, znaci ili odnesuvawe. Komunikaciskiot proces opfa}a {est elementi, i toa: 1. Komunikator-izvor na komunikacijata (banka); 2. Kodirawe na porakata, idejata ili faktot koj treba da se prenese do celnata javnost. Kodiraweto zna~i transformirawe na idejata vo odredeno sredstvo na komunikacija, kako na primer TV spot, radio spot, pe~aten oglas i sli~no; 3. Transfer na porakata so dva klu~ni elementa: transfer i medium, preku koj se prenesuva porakata do potencijalnata publika; 4. Sledniot ~ekor e dekodirawe na porakata, {to e psiholo{ki proces na pretvorawe na zborot, slikata, efektite vo ideja; 5. Petiot ~ekor e primawe na porakata, odnosno nejzina interpretacija vo soglasnost so individualniot socijalen i bihejvioristi~ki ambient , i posledniot ~ekor e 6. Povratnata sprega (feedback) odnosno responzivnosta na priema~ot na porakata.

Celokupnite napori na komunikaciskiot proces moraat da bidat naso~eni kon toa da sozdadat sostojba vo psihata na potencijalnite klienti, koja }e vodi kon preminuvawe na pragot na odlu~uvawe i kupuvawe na usluga. Pri procesot na donesuvawe na odlukata, kupuva~ot pominuva niz sukcesivni nivoa na komunikaciskiot spektar. Na najniskoto nivo doa|a svesta ili soznanieto deka opredelena finansiska usluga postoi. Del od soznanieto prethodi na del od pazarot. Po sostojbata na soznanie sledi sostojbata na razbirawe, po koja sledi ubedenosta i kone~no sostojbata na akcija.

III. ELEMENTI NA PROMOTIVNIOT MIKS

Elementi na promotivniot miks se: propagandata, unapreduvaweto na proda`bata, odnosite so javnosta i publicitetot, li~nata proda`ba i direktnata i interaktivna promocija. Vo natamo{niot tekst gi analizirame specifikite na ovie elementi od aspekt na promocijata na finansiskite (bankarskite) uslugi.

III. Ekonomska propaganda

Ekonomskata propaganda pretstavuva najzna~aen element na promotivniot marketing miks. Spored po{iroka definicija ekonomskata propaganda e sekoja forma na depersonalna prezentacija i promocija na idei, stoki ili uslugi od strana na identifikuvan sponzor.[3]

Generalno, postojat dva vida na EP, spored svojata naso~enost, i toa: 1. Produktna naso~enost, i 2. Institucionalna naso~enost.

Produktnata naso~enost se odnesuva na konkreten finansiski proizvod, dodeka institucionalnata naso~enost se odnesuva na op{tite atributi na organizacijata.
Celi na Ekonomskata propaganda Postojat ~etiri generalni celi na EP za sekoja finansiska institucija, a toa se: 1. Da se stimulira zgolemuvaweto na svesta (soznanieto) i koristeweto na profitabilni proizvodi i uslugi; 2. Da se dostigne stabilna klient baza preku privlekuvawe i stabilen priliv na novi klienti, vklu~uvaj}i mali biznisi, korporacii od site veli~ini i individui; 3. Da se unapredi pozitivnoto reagirawe na javnosta za pra{awa koi se odnesuvaat na institucijata; 4. Da se kreira psiholo{ka preferencija za institucijata i uslugite koi gi nudi. Pokraj ovie strate{ki celi, finansiska institucija mora da si postavi i soodvetni specifi~ni celi. Tie mo`at da bidat, na primer: zgolemuvawe na brojot na komintenti, porast na depoziti i sli~no, odnosno celi koi se postavuvaat vo ramkite na vkupnata delovna i marketing politika na bankata.

Propagandna poraka Pod poimot propagandna poraka go podrazbirame sekoj vid na pottiknuvawe i izvestuvawe na sega{nite i na potencijalnite klienti za proizvodite i uslugite, koi organizacijata gi nudi i toa so posredstvo na prenosnicite na ekonomska propaganda-mediumite. Ako sme go prifatile faktot deka promocijata e komunikaciski proces, porakata e taa koja komunicira so prima~ot na porakata, prenesuvaj}i mu znaewe i interes, kako i menuvawe na stavovite za predmetot na porakata.

Stilovi na propagandni poraki EP poraki mo`at da bidat izvedeni vo razni stilovi, odnosno so razli~no dominantni apeli i motivi. Vo ovoj tekst samo kratko }e gi navedeme osnovnite koi se primenuvaat vo finansiskiot sektor. 1. Sliki od `ivotot naj~esto se primenuvaat kaj hipotekarnite stanbeni zaemi , kade se prika`uva sre}no semejstvo, so sopstven dom; 2. @ivoten stil prika`uva kako vo praktika se primenuva proizvodot, uslugata; 3. Fantazija, izvonreden apel za retail bankarstvoto, kade {to preku fantazijata se povikuvame na potro{nite dobra, koi mo`at da se kupat na kredit. 4. Imix - ot e izvonreden apel za institucionalnata propaganda, kade {to dominantna e pretstavata na komintentot za bankata. 5. Muzika, odnosno izraboten muzi~ki xingl, pokraj proizvodniot marketing mo`e da se primeni i vo finansiskiot marketing; 6. Tehni~ka ekspertiza pretstavuva apel na stru~nosta; 7. Svedo~ewa na stru~waci, odnosno svedo~ewa na svedoci, dava doza na sigurnost poradi stru~nosta, odnosno iskustvoto na svedokot.

Mediumi na ekonomskata propaganda Pod poimot mediumi na EP gi podrazbirame sredstvata za prenesuvawe na porakite na EP do korisnicite. Mediumite mo`at da bidat audio (vo koe spa|a radioto), audio-vizuelni (vo koe e najva`na televizijata) i vizuelni mediumi (vesnici, magazini i drugi pe~ateni mediumi). Kako zna~aen nov medium na EP se javuva Internet, koj istovremeno e i medium i na odnosite so javnosta i unapreduvaweto na proda`bata, zavisno od koncipiraweto na promotivnite poraki. Bankite vo Republika Makedonija, spored edno istra`uvawe, sprovedeno od doma{na agencija vo 2004 godina, gi alocirale tro{ocite za ekonomska propaganda i za pe~ateni mediumi (oglasi, bilbord i sli~no), kako {to sledi: Trite najgolemi banki u~estvuvaat so pove}e od 56% od vkupniot propaganden pazar vo Republika Makedonija. Od pomalite banki edinstveno Sileks banka u~estvuva so visok procent, i toa so 26,19%. So ogled deka stanuva zbor za kapitalna povrzanost so Sitel Televizija, ovoj podatok ne mo`e da se smeta za relevanten vo analizata. Site ostanati banki u~estvuvaat so samo 16,83% vo tro{ocite za ekonomska propaganda. Po osnov na strukturnoto u~estvo na TV propagandniot prostor vo odnos na pe~atenite mediumi mo`e da se zaklu~i slednoto: Vlo`uvawata vo televizijata kako medium, se daleku pogolemi od vlo`uvawata vo pe~atenite mediumi. Soodnosot e 65% / 35%. Pritoa bi potencirale deka pomalite banki (Sileks banka e isklu~ok), svojata ekonomska propaganda ja naso~uvaat kon pe~atenite mediumi. Kaj nekoi banki ( na primer Alfa banka), toa se dol`i na nivnata naso~enost kon korporativniot pazaren segment . Kaj drugi banki , kako IK, Ohridska, toa se dol`i na nedovolna aktivnost vo propagandnata sfera, ili pak, na drugi slabosti ili ograni~uvawa. Kaj {tedilnicite , osven kaj dvete najgolemi kaj koi postoi povremena aktivnost, kako mali finansiski institucii postoi nedovolna aktivnost. Taka na primer kaj [tedilnica Inter Falko DOO Skopje , promotivnite aktivnosti se najmalku zastapen element na marketing miksot. Promocijata skoro voop{to ne vklu~uva sredstva na ekonomskata propaganda. Se koristat reprezentativno propagandni sredstva i toa so relativno skromen buxet. Od aspekt na odnosite so javnost, [tedilnica Inter Falko se vklopuva vo politikata koja zaedni~ki ja kreiraat {tedilnicite, preku Zdru`eniteo na {tedilnici. [tedilnica Inter Falko nema kampawi za unapreduvawe na proda`ba, nitu pak, posebno obu~en proda`en kadar koj bi se bavel so direktna proda`ba nadvor od mestoto na proda`ba ( POS). Sepak, od aspekt na direktna proda`ba na mestoto na proda`ba, stanuva zbor za odli~no obu~en kadar. Istiot e celosno kvalifikuvan da sprovede vkrstena proda`ba vo proda`no mesto, t.e. da ponudi, korporaciskii individualni, aktivni i pasivni finansiski proizvodi, i vo najgolem slu~aj da gi realizira.

III. Unapreduvawe na proda`bata ili proda`na promocija

Unapreduvaweto na proda`bata mo`e da se definira kako "klu~na sostojka vo marketing kampawata koja se sostoi od raznovidni sredstva za pottiknuvawe, naj~esto kratkoro~ni, dizajnirani da stimuliraat pobrzo kupuvawe, ili kupuvawe vo pogolem obem na soodvetni proizvodi i uslugi". Dodeka propagandata ja dava pri~inata za da se kupi, unapreduvaweto na proda`ba go pottiknuva samoto kupuvawe. Unapreduvawe na proda`bata mo`e da se sprovede preku razni modaliteti, kako na primer: • Usluga bez nadomest vo prvata godina; • Zgolemuvawe na iznosot na dozvolen kredit na kreditni karti~ki i sli~no; • Nastap na saemski manifestacii za finansiski uslugi.

III. Odnosi so javnosta i publicitet

Odnosite so javnosta i publicitetot pretstavuvaat silen instrument na modelirawe na okolinata i komunicirawe so celnite javnosti. Pritoa pod javnost ja podrazbirame "sekoja grupa koja ima aktuelen ili potencijalen interes, ili mo`nost da vlijae vrz sposobnosta na kompanijata da gi dostigne zacrtanite celi." Kako sredstva na odnosite so javnosta mo`eme da gi navedeme slednite: 1. Publikacii - site press releasses, godi{ni izve{tai, 2. Napisi vo spisanija - uredni~ki komentari; 3. Govori i nastapi na visoki slu`benici; 4. Razgovori so u~ili{ta, grupi vo zaednicata, potencijalni vraboteni; 5. U~estvo vo profesionalni i edukativni zdru`enija i institucii; 6. Promocija na sponzorstva, i dobrotvorni i humanitarni donacii. Sponzorstvoto nekoi go definiraat kako poseben vid propaganda, iako pove}eto avtori go odbivaat ovoj stav. Sepak, e jasno deka sponzorstvoto, najdobri efekti postignuva vo kombinacija so ostanatite elementi na promotivniot miks, a pred sé, so propagandata. Formulata sodr`i zbir od propaganda i sponzorstva so koj se dobiva: 1. Kredibilitet; 2. Imitacija (povrzuvawe na poznati lica so proizvod ili usluga); 3. Transfer na imix i 4. Retencija. A krajniot rezultat e podobruvawe na sevkupnata komunikacija. Vo Velika Britanija se brojni primerite na sponzorirawe sportski i kulturni nastani, kade na primer HSBC e sponzor na natprevarite vo Formula 1, Midland Bank e sponzor na teniski natprevari. Sli~no e i vo Makedonija, kade na primer pogolemite banki redovno se javuvaat kako sponzori na soodvetni kulturni i sportski nastani. Vo poslednata dekada na XX-ot vek se javuva i nova dimenzija na odnosite so javnosta, nare~ena marketing na odnosite so javnosta (marketing public relations), ~ija cel e direktna poddr{ka na promocijata na kompanija ili proizvod/usluga i izgradba na imix. Marketingot na odnosi so javnosta ima posebna va`nost vo sferata na finansiite. Marketingot na odnosite so javnosta, pak, opfa}a pove}e elementi, kako na primer: ❑ Poddr{ka pri lansirawe novi proizvodi; ❑ Poddr{ka pri repozicionirawe zreli proizvodi; ❑ Vlijanie na specifi~ni celni grupi; ❑ Odbrana na kompanii koi imaat problemi so javnosta; ❑ Pozitivna izgradba na imix. Postoeweto marketing na odnosi so javnosta ima specifi~no zna~ewe kaj finansiskite institucii. Negovoto nepoznavawe, ili nedovolna primena, ima{e ogromno negativno zna~ewe vo periodot 2002-2003-ta godina. Imeno vo ovoj period, vo bankarskiot sektor se stvori negativen imix za famoznite "{est banki" koi se problemati~ni spored ocenkata na NBRM i MMF. So toa se sozdade negativna klima koja isklu~itelno nepovolno se odrazi na del od bankarskiot sektor. Imeno, vo trgovijata po~naa da se javuvaat zabrani za primawe ~ekovi od poedine~ni banki. Problemot be{e {to nikoj vsu{nost i to~no ne znae{e koi se ovie "problemati~ni banki", pa sekoj dava{e soop{tenija spored sopstvenite soznanija. Taka se slu~uvaa paradoksi - odli~ni banki, kako na primer IK Banka, koi nedovolno rabotea na sopstvenata promocija da bidat stavani vo ovaa grupa. Istoto ima{e i obraten negativen efekt. Imeno, so stavaweto vo ko{ot na problemati~ni banki, u{te pove}e se vlo{uva{e nivnata pazarna pozicija, poradi povlekuvaweto na depoziti od strana na pravni i fizi~ki lica.

III. Li~nata proda`ba kako komunikaciski proces

Prednostite na li~nata proda`ba kako komunikacisko sredstvo se posebno izrazeni vo podocne`nite fazi na procesot na odlu~uvawe na klientot, koga e od posebno zna~ewe izgradbata na preferencija i ubeduvawe, koi rezultiraat so akcija. Li~nata proda`ba poseduva tri distinktivni kvaliteti: ❑ Li~na "konfrontacija": li~nata proda`ba podrazbira momentalna interaktivna relacija so klientite, pri {to sekoja strana e vo mo`nost da ja posmatra reakcijata na drugata strana; ❑ "Kultivacija": Site vidovi na relacija pome|u proda`niot kadar i klientite mo`at da nastanat, da se kultiviraat, po~nuvaj}i od ednostavna proda`ba vrz osnova na komunikacija pa sé do cvrsto izgradena relacija, koja ponekoga{ prerasnuva i vo prijatelstvo; ❑ "Odgovornost": Li~nata proda`ba ima i svoja psiholo{ka vrednost, a taa e "odgovornosta" koja klientot kako potencijalen kupuva~ zapo~nuva da ja ~uvstvuva vo momentot koga proda`niot kadar potro{il soodvetno vreme vo prezentacija na svojata ponuda. Kako niedno drugo promotivno i komunikacisko sredstvo, li~nata proda`ba ovozmo`uva dijalog i fokusiran pristap, so mo`nost za povratna sprega vo samiot komunikaciski proces so klientot. Samiot proces nosi prednosti, no i nedostatoci poradi relativno visokite tro{oci. Poradi toa, potrebna e celosna naso~enost kon: ❑ organizacijata; ❑ obukata, i ❑ nagraduvaweto na proda`niot kadar. Li~nata proda`ba e od zna~ewe kako na pazarot na malo, taka i na pazarot na golemo. O~igledno e zna~eweto na direktniot kanal na proda`ba vo bankarstvoto. Istoto, e do tolku poizrazeno, {to ~ove~kiot faktor ima i dopolnitelna uloga poradi promenetite pazarni uslovi.

III. Direkten i interaktiven marketing

Direktniot marketing podrazbira upotreba na direktni kanali za da se dopre do klientite i da se ispora~a komunikaciska poraka, proizvod ili usluga. Ovie kanali opfa}aat: ❑ direktna po{ta; ❑ katalog; ❑ telemarketing; ❑ internet, i veb stranici; ❑ mobilni uredi.

Direktniot marketing ima edna zna~itelna prednost vo odnos na ostanatite elementi na promotivniot miks, a toa e deka vo isto vreme nema konkurencija od drugite ponuduva~i na pazarot. Direktniot marketing kreira beneficii na pove}e na~ini. Izvr{uvaweto transakcija od doma, e polesno za klientot, no i za bankata kaj koja se namaluva potrebata od fizi~ki prostor, i od rabotna sila. Od aspekt na komunikacijata stanuva zbor za mo`nost za kupuvawe gotovi bazi na podatoci za poedine~en pazaren segment, koja mo`e da pretstavuva najevtin na~in da se dopre do potencijalnite klienti. Duri i samite provajderi na uslugi, kako na primer Makedonski po{ti voveduvaat proizvodi od tipot na "hibridna po{ta" za da se namalat tro{ocite na pismena direktna komunikacija. Sepak, nekoi modeli na direkten marketing, kako na primer, ispra}awe pe~ateni materijali so povratni odgovori, ili telefonska komunikacija vo bankarstvoto, sé u{te ne se dovolno razvieni. No, drugi metodi se vo silna ekspanzija. Taka, na primer, mobilnite telefoni, ve}e stanuvaat sredstvo na izvr{uvawe na finansiski transakcii, no i na promocija preku masovno ispra}awe na SMS poraki. Internetot, definitvno e, magi~niot zbor za noviot milenium. Internet mre`ata e interaktivna i dava mo`nost mala reklama na tenkiot baner da ovozmo`i direkten link do sopstvenata WEB stranica. Ova e cela revolucija vo komunikacijata koja gi nadminuva site drugi formi vo nivoto na interaktivnost i dvonaso~na komunikacija. Duri se javi i sosema nov naziv viralen marketing, koj pretstavuva forma na propaganda od usta na usta, koja se prenesuva preku internet.

IV. PLANIRAWE NA PROMOTIVNIOT MIKS

Na bankite na raspolagawe ñm se pove}e komunikaciski i promotivni kanali. Zada~a na sekoj odgovoren rakovoditel na promocija e da dizajnira optimalen promotiven miks niz koj }e se postignat identificiranite celi, pri {to tro{ocite na miksot }e bidat na tolerantno nivo. Pove}e avtori davaat razli~ni modeli na procesot na planirawe na promotivnite aktivnosti, koi }e bidat prezentirani vo prodol`enie. Pritoa bi potencirale, deka nezavisno od modelot koj }e bide prifaten od finansiskata institucija - bankata, potrebno e poznavawe i po~ituvawe na slednite ~etiri principi na planiraweto na promocijata: - Razbirawe na bankarstvoto, kako i ve{tinata na komunicirawe; - Prifa}awe na realnosta deka finansiska institucija - bankata mora sekoga{ da se doka`uva so zborovi, dela i so kontinuitet na svoeto odnesuvawe na pazarot; - Prepozvawe na promenite vo op{testvoto i organizacisko reagirawe na tie promeni; - Razbirawe na pove}ekratnosta na komunikaciskiot prenos.

V. PODGOTOVKA I BUXET

Planiraweto na propagandniot buxet e edna od najslo`enite varijabli vo procesot na planirawe na promocijata. Imeno, vo ovaa faza, potrebno e realno usoglasuvawe na potrebite i mo`nostite, kako i usoglasuvawe na promotivniot buxet so ostanatite finansiski potrebi na marketing miksot. Respektivno, kako najefikasen metod e metodot na marginalen prihod, odnosno direktna relacija pome|u promotivnite vlo`uvawa i dopolnitelnite prihodi, generirani kako rezultat na tie vlo`uvawa. No, za `al, naj~esto e preslo`eno da se izvede soodvetna analiza, i u{te pove}e da se izvede blagovremeno, so {to se zagrozuva pozicijata i mo`nosta za primena na ovoj metod. Buxetot kako finansiski faktor na promotivnata kampawa ima ogromno zna~ewe od aspekt na namaluvawe na tro{o~nata struktura. Kako daleku najeksploatiran element na promotivniot marketing miks, ekonomskata propaganda ima svoe zna~ewe za nekolku segmenti na delovnoto rabotewe, me|u koi e i prepoznatlivosta na imeto. Deneska bankite se izlo`eni na `estoka pazarna konkurencija. Vo taa nasoka, eden od na~inite za generirawe soodvetna kompetitivnost e niskobuxetna efikasna promocija.

VI. IZBOR NA PROMOTIVEN MIKS

Stanuva zbor za izbor na razli~ni elementi na marketing miksot, vo relacija so celite i resursite na institucijata. Pri izborot na soodvetniot miks vlijaat slednite faktori: 1. Dominantnata masovna promocija (propaganda i brand image) se primenuva na masovni pazari, i 2. Li~na proda`ba ima proporcionalno signifikantna uloga so zgolemuvawe na slo`enosta na proizvodot / uslugata i se bara objasnuvawe i razgovor. Pokraj karakteristikite na proizvodot i na pazarot, determinantni na promotivniot miks se i: 1. @ivotnata faza na proizvodot; 2. Karakteristikite na pazarot i na proizvodot; 3. Odlukite za cenite i za distribucijata. Kako dopolnenie na prethodnoto, a vo funkcija na razvivawe sopstven model na determinanti na promotivniot miks, bi gi navele slednite determinanti: • Karakteristiki na pazarot (pazar na golemo, pazar na malo); • Karakteristiki na proizvodot (specifi~en proizvod dizajniran za klient, standarden proizvod); • Karakteristiki na pazarot od aspekt na predmet (pazar na pari, berza, denarski sredstva, devizni sredstva). Na vakov na~in se dava mo`nost za poblisko precizirawe na promotivniot miks, {to e posebno zna~ajno koga istiot go kreira nadvore{na agencija. Imeno, vo takvi slu~ai, nara~atelot, finansiska institucija - banka, mo`e da gi definira determinantnite na miksot, a kone~niot izbor da go napravi agencijata.

VII. EVALUACIJA

Ocenkata na sprovedenoto, kako i primenata na korektivni merki niz procesot na povratna sprega se esencijalni za marketing upravuvaweto. Respektivno evaluacijata e klu~en preduslov za fukcionirawe na procesot na povratna sprega i kontrola. Procesot na evaluacija, mo`e da se sprovede i ex post i ex ante vo zavisnost od primenata na soodvetniot model na istra`uvawe na promocijata. Samata evaluacija mo`e da se sprovede spored nekolku grupi metodi, i toa: 1. Psiholo{ki (penetraciski, persuasivni) istra`uvawa na marketingot, i 2. Statisti~ka i ekonometriska analiza. Idealno, evaluacijata bi pretstavuvala detalen izve{taj so jasno definirani celi i izve{tai za toa {to se meri i kako. Poradi toa, vo praktikata, se prifa}aat gotovi izve{tai na nezavisni agencii za istra`uvawa i marketing, pri {to svesno se `rtvuva detaliziranosta na izve{tajot, vo funkcija na efikasnosta i objektivnosta.

VIII. ZAKLU^OK

Promocijata opfa}a aktivnosti i procesi na informirawe i komunicirawe na pazarot, odnosno site sredstva vo marketing-spletot, ~ija uloga e persuasivna komunikacija. Mo`eme da konstatirame deka vo Republika Makedonija promocijata e eden od najrazvienite elementi na marketing miksot. Promocijata e intenzivna kaj pogolemite banki, so {to se zabrzuva nivniot natamo{en rast i diferencijacija vo odnos na pomalite subjekti na pazarot. Promotivnite aktivnosti vo nekoi banki ve}e zapo~nuvaat da dobivaat i planski karakter.
Koristena literatura ( Referenci)

„Principi na marketing” - Filip Kotler
„Marketing menaxment” - Filip Kotler
„Marketing na finansiski uslugi” - Bojaxiev Marjan
Materijali od [tedilnica Inter Falko DOO Skopje
[pic]
-----------------------
[1] Definicija na Kotler
[2] Spored Kotler „Marketing menaxment “
[3] Definicija spored Philip Kotler "Marketing management"11-th edition,

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