...Marxist feminist Michelle Barrett (1980) argues that the role ideology plays in convincing women that unpaid domestic labour is fulfilling is important. Barrett discusses the ideology of ‘familism’ the notion that female fulfillment lies in the family. For Marxist feminists, the cause of female oppression is rooted in capitalism. They argue that although individual men benefit from women’s subordination, the main beneficiary is capitalism. Women are an unpaid labour force, as unpaid housewives, and have been used in WW1 as a reserve army of labour. This oppression is believed to be maintained by the role women adopt within the capitalist’s system as the unpaid homemaker in the family. Women are conceived that this unpaid role is natural and normal, through the ideology of ‘familism’ that promotes female fulfillment as achieved through motherhood intimacy and sexual satisfaction. Marxist feminists believe that in order to end female subordination, we must overthrow capitalism as well as the ideology of familism. This would free the sexes from restrictive family roles and ensure that domestic labour was shared equally. Strengths of Marxist feminists include the fact that they have demonstrated the power of structural factors, such as capitalism and ideology in constructing an explanation for women’s subordination. However, Marxist feminists have been criticised for failing to explain women’s subordination in non-capitalist societies. Marxist feminism also places insufficient emphasis...
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...Capitalism acts to constrain the forces of production. The notion of free and competitive market penalizes inefficiency and redistributes the surplus to the more efficient enterprises. Adam Smith’s idea of invisible hand promotes rivalries. Therefore the majority of petty owners is pushed out of the market and forced to sell labor power. The surplus value is derived from exploiting these workers. The rate of exploitation is surplus value divided by the labor value. Laborers produce a use value but get paid only for their labor value. The left-over surplus value becomes profit for the capitalist. This wealth can be use for investment, mechanization, research development, management and etc. Industrial enterprises spend money on capital and labor to produce a product. Rate of profit is calculated from surplus value divided by capital and labor cost. Therefore the rate has an inverse relationship with labor and capital cost. As they fall, rate of profit rise. The average cost is total spent divided by output. By mechanizing, it allows companies to produce more resulting in cheaper price per unit For example, say three companies produce the same amount of goods using identical labor and capital cost structure. When one company mechanizes, it can produce more goods by only increasing capital and not labor cost. It can also produce more merchandise with same amount of capital and labor. These two scenarios are both forms of increase efficiency. They also are forms of labor exploitation...
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...Corporate Culture “The often unspoken beliefs and values that determine the way an organization does things, the atmosphere that exists within it and the way people who work for it behave.” (2006) It is well stated in the Dictionary of Business that “The culture of an organization is often summed up as “the way we do things around here”. “Once established, organizational cultures often perpetuate themselves in a number of ways.” (Kotter, p3). Issues within organizations must be properly managed and developed to ensure the ideals of the organization are legal, ethical and moral. Social Justice “The primary ethical value that is served by sustainability is social justice, in particular, the value of avoiding unjust exploitation.” Social justice is defined as a standard of fairness in the society. The ideals and foundations of social justice and its supplemental theories are seeded from the “Marxist emphasis upon class and economic relationships with the inclusion of multiple axes of social differentiation.” (2009) Works Cited Bell, C. R. (2012). Work-life balance. Leadership Excellence, 29(4), 16-17....
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...‘The fascination of innocence lies in its fragility’. Milton’s epic poem ‘Paradise Lost’ and Jonson’s comedy play ‘Volpone’ both explore the nature of innocence – moreover, its fragility. Through their examination of justice, societal conventions, and their relationship with their audiences both writers challenge conceptions of innocence held at their time of writing. Arguably, relationships between the notion of innocence and audiences have changed over time, yet it is that which makes both works timeless pieces of longstanding fascination. The theme of justice – and subsequently the definition of ‘innocence’ – is a field explored by both Milton and Jonson. In ‘Paradise Lost’, Milton presents governance in the divine justice of God. The authority of God is asserted in his casting Satan out of Heaven – leaving him “full of anguish” and intent on “man’s destruction”, as a means to challenge the supremacy of God. Adam and Eve are presented as “innocent” at the start of Book Nine, yet to eat from the Tree of Knowledge and to fall from grace. Milton conveys the pair’s purity through the use of natural imagery: “the humid flowers” and the “sweetest scent and airs”. However, Milton also foreshadows the Fall by contrasting the natural innocence of the pre-lapsarian couple with ideas of modern religion – “sacred light”, “incense”, “earth’s great alter”. Suggesting that Adam and Eve were predestined to lose their “innocent” nature, Milton asserts his own ideas of religion: contrary...
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...Social Justice and the Bible While it appears one is compassionate when this term of “social justice” is used we now know where it comes from. You find neither the term nor the principle in the Bible; nor in the US Constitution. There are liberal/progressive Christians that claim “social justice” is part of the gospel. We are not commissioned to transform society and make sure everything is equal. We are called to rehabilitate sinners by the power of God, not government. The gospel is the cure for sin and it has absolutely nothing to do with “social justice.” The Bible speaks a lot on work and laziness. We have all heard the story - if you give a person a fish he will be fed today, but if you teach him to fish he will be able to feed himself and his family everyday. Giving people the tools to grow and be productive is better than having them become dependent on government for their sustenance. When Pres. Bush introduced the faith based initiative many felt religion would intrude on them and they were appalled. The Administrations “faith base initiative” was to be a partnership with many religions to help reform “communities.” Recently Pres. Obama has given a new and stronger influence to faith based initiative. All of a sudden religion with government is permissible and nothing is being said because it advances the socialist agenda. Its all about the green, both the environment and money. The environmental movement is being synthesized inside the church. There are faith based...
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...Latricia Proctor "Professional (General) - Personality" Test Results Organization Organization is the tendency to establish and maintain a specific structure in goals, behaviors, and the home or work environment. Professional Fit: People high in Organization tend to be suited for jobs that require self-discipline, tidiness, or careful planning of activities and schedules. Potential Risk: People high in Organization can miss potential opportunities if they are too rigid in their pursuit of specific goals and behaviors, and may be perceived by others as lacking in creativity or innovation. Preference for Pressure Preference for Pressure is the tendency to thrive in stressful environments and situations. Professional Fit: People high in Preference for Pressure tend to be suited for jobs that involve constant demands or urgent deadlines. Potential Risk: People high in Preference for Pressure can lose motivation, become bored, or have difficulty focusing in low-pressure environments or situations. Precision Precision is the tendency to be careful and attentive to small details. Professional Fit: People high in Precision tend to be suited for jobs that require work to be completed very delicately, accurately, and with few errors. Potential Risk: People high in Precision can sometimes have difficulty being productive in fast-paced environments, and may be inefficient at tasks that benefit from certain shortcuts or can allow for minor errors. Page 1 Intuitive Thinking ...
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...The electoral system in United Kingdom The electoral system in United Kingdom After the examination of Canadian national institution, it has been nominated that a few reforms are intensely needed in the Canadian institutions for the due management of the regional and the inter-governmental issues (Loiacono, 2010). The three suggested reforms are the reforms in the Supreme Courts, the reforms in the senate, the reforms in the House of Commons Supreme Court The need for the reform is elevated by considering the fact that is it logical to consider Supreme Court as a general court of appeal and are their any specialized needs of constitutional tribunals. The scope of judicial proceedings and judgments needs to be institutionalized in the context. Quebec is indeed the province that responds assertively to the importance of a pure judiciary. Quebec highlights that the existing Supreme Courts are totally appointed in the conformance of federal executives, and it does not differentiate the difference between civil law and the British common law. Additionally the decisions of the Supreme Court are confirmed to be biased against the Quebecers. The debate since 1950s still needs a re-modification in the form of a pure Canadian Supreme Court, where the law holds every Canadian equal in the court of law (Sherman, 1999, p. 68). Senate The second modification proposed is the modification in the senate. The Canadian federation has long been considered to seek the reform in the...
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...Case 4: Where was your food grown? 1- Do you believe that it is a positive or negative for multinational companies that many customers might perceive their products to be foreign in certain markets? Ethnocentric consumers believe that buying foreign products hurts the domestic economy and national employment. Consumer ethnocentrism implies the normative belief that purchasing domestic products is more beneficial than purchasing foreign goods so it is believed to have a negative effect on customers’ repurchase intent to foreign products, although that may vary within cultures and between different country-of-origin products. Particularly, consumers who hold strong ethnocentric beliefs are more likely to evaluate foreign products negatively than are those who do not hold such beliefs. Those who believe that it is wrong to buy foreign goods also tend to perceive those goods as lower in quality than domestic goods; ethnocentric consumers prefer domestic goods not only because of economic or moral beliefs, but also because they believe that their own country produces the best products. Researchers believed that consumers with ethnocentric tendencies have a tendency to evaluate domestic products favorably, often unreasonably so, compared to imported products. 2- Over 60% of the population of Malaysia are Muslin consumers. Most domestic food products have the JAKIM logo printed on the packaging, which certifies that it is safe to be consumed by Muslims. This may be a key reason...
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...Conflict rarely leaves one unscathed Scars, fear, loss of hope and faith. These are all outcomes of the difficulty that lies within a conflict. The precise definition of conflict refers to arguments and disputes which in many cases escalates into becoming a threat to an individual’s life, family or country. It has a major impact on an individual’s life as conflict barely leaves one unscathed. The after effect of conflict leaves some individuals to be scarred for a short period of time and some for life. The key factors of encountering conflict will be focused on the consequences and impacts of conflicts encountered by individuals. They include, the adversities faced by individuals and surroundings due to the circumstances of certain conflicts, the change within oneself that is discovered through conflict, and the drastic aftermath attached. Conflict is a part of life which is better resolved, as it may influence others, who are no involved, to face difficulties due to the circumstances that come along. Some conflicts can occur based simply on our perspectives and judgments on sensitive issues. We as individuals need to learn to accept things the way they are. This idea is demonstrated in an American film, ‘Remember the Titans’, directed by Boaz Yakin, which proves how our perspective on certain things can create dilemmas. The film demonstrates the impact of sensitive issues related to conflict, such as racism. The clashes that occur as impact of racism between individuals is...
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...Cody Unit 1 Assignment 2 I was also surprised with my high creativity score. I have never considered myself very creative. I always assume I can’t come up with something from scratch; I need something to build onto. The more I think of it though I always seem to get required things done even if I don’t have much experience or knowledge of the subject. It is my drive I am assuming that enables me to achieve my requirements. My lack of full self-confidence came as a surprise with a score of eighty-five indicating considerable stress when my expectations aren’t met. I have a tendency to put off many things that would advance my career and bring me feelings of success but I have a hard time believing that because going back to school for my Bachelor’s was a choice I made for the simple fact to advance my career. Maybe up until this point in my life I may have had those tendencies thinking my previous two positions were where I should be but not at my full potential. The assessment also showed that I dawdle on some projects or tasks and tend to be over attentive to details on other tasks. I assume that is just my way of knowing my priorities. Scoring in the middle doesn’t seem too bad to me even though I have room to improve I am not at the bottom recognizing that I do take the time to negotiate and listen to all views. I will argue my case to show the merits of my position but I try to avoid arguments to do...
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...Trying to manage money and financial expenses are one of the most difficult personal management an independent individual can have. Individuals try to manage their money in different ways, some of them work and some are not. In this essay, two given possible solutions for this issue will be addressed. One way to control the financial income is by saving some of it and invest it. Individuals can, for example, open a saving account in the bank in which they can specify the percentage of the money transfer from the main account to the saving one on monthly basis, and they can buy shares. This way they will try to adapt themselves on the remaining salary they have and can spend it as they like without worrying about being broken in the end of each month. There is one take on this way which is that there might be some occasions where someone needs to spend the whole salary or more in a month, and it will be difficult to do so if the whole saved money are in the shares. Another way for managing money is by eliminating the purchasing as much as possible. Adults need to look after their real needs and the luxurious things. For example, instead of shopping every time, they can make a list of all their needs and buy them at once every month. By shopping less, they will tend to avoid the struggle between buying or not buying that will most likely end up buying unnecessary things. To conclude, controlling money and budget is not an easy task, yet it's very crucial to everyone's...
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...One Step At A Time Haven’t you ever noticed how things were so much easier when we were in kindergarten? You could go up to someone, share their chocolate milk, and immediately become best friends. When you were angry, you could just scream and stomp your foot but try and do that now and you’re sure to get some stares. If you liked that little girl or boy you sat next to, and they offer to share their crayons, you are in heaven. If you are angry at someone, you could threaten not to be their friend, and they’d immediately say sorry. There was no “start thinking about your future” thing either. You didn't get grounded or have your phone taken away from you, you just got a minute in the bad kid chair and that was it. Back then, life wasn't looming over you like a hawk. As we grow older, the pressure just builds up on us. We are expected to do the best we can to accomplish a lot of things like having high grades in school and being a dean’s lister when we reach college, and when we graduate, we are expected to land a good job immediately. And because of these, we tend to rush things and do them all at the same time. Maybe that’s why old people are so worn down. People always try to make something out of everything. They ask questions such as “Why does the sky have to be blue because of gases in the atmosphere?” and “why can't it simply be blue?” Then there are times that we ask the question “Why can’t be things be easier for just a little while?” It's true that we do need...
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...This essay shall discuss initial the meaning of justice then I shall discuss whether the law achieves justice and whether it should seek to do so. Justice has been traditionally defined through its reference to the Latin maxim suum cuique tribuere its means to allocate each to their own. Many theories have been formed to try to define their own personal form of justice, an example being Aristotle who was a Greek philosopher who made the original distinction between distributive and corrective justice which remains relevant to this day. Distributive Justice concerns the correct distribution of wealth and privilege between the members of society. Aristotle argued that there should be a proportionate distribution of such goods and burdens but he did not mean by this that there should not be an equal distribution of goods and burdens. Also stating that some people of limited capacity were unable to obtain or appreciate the good life, and therefore argued that those people should act as slaves to support others in society. In today’s issues a distributive justice issue would be known as a matter of politics. It could be said that the current law system incorporates Aristotle’s theory through section 18 and section 20 Grievous Bodily Harm (GBH). To be guilty of section 20, one must either be ‘reckless’ or ‘intend’ some harm, in some cases this poses a possible 5 year sentence. In great contrast to this is section 18, where a defendant must have ‘intended’ really serious harm and this...
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... Web CT – to be announced Wed. 300-730 pm Phil. 334 ETHICS TOPICS COURSE: GLOB AL JUSTICE Required Texts: Rodney G. Peffer, Global Justice, Human Rights, and the Natural Environment (i.e. various published articles and unpublished essays that are components of this work that will either be put on ERES or emailed to you; there’s nothing to buy) David Schweickart, After Capitalism John Rawls, The Law of Peoples Thomas Pogge & Keith Horton (ed.), Global Ethics: Seminal Essays Thomas Pogge & Darrel Moellendorf (ed.), Global Justice: Seminal Essays Will Kymlicka, Politics in the Vernacular (Optional) E-Reserve Essays are in: Phil. 340 E-Reserves: Password = “war” Phil. 338 E-Reserves: Password = “endangered” Phil. 462 E-Reserves: Password = “worldpeace” A. Essays by Rodney G. Peffer (Peffer) B. Marxism, Morality, and Social Justice (MMSJ) I –XXI (Essays) = Essays by other authors divided into Sections All ERES Readings are in my Phil. 462 ERES unless noted otherwise. * = An important component of my next book. Jan. 26 General Introduction to Course Jan. 31 Basics of Political Philosophy/ Peffer’s Theory of Social Justice The following 6 short essays by me are in the “Introductory Materials” sub-folder of the “Essays by Rodney G. Peffer” folder of my Phil. 462 ERES. R.G. Peffer *“On...
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...Social justice: a key for Utopian society. An Utopian society is a concept that was developed by Thomas moore in 1516; which stands for the fact of having a perfect and ideal society where there is no terrorism, corruption, or crime and in which it exists an economic, social and political justice that makes all the population equal in rights and wealth distribution. To start, an utopian society cannot be achieved easily. The state should go through many political, social, and economical reforms and sacrifices. In this paper; I will be dealing with one specific topic; which is the social justice and how it can help forming a democratic society where equality and solidarity principles exist. In addition; I will focus on some principles such as human rights and property distribution within the society. To develop this term “social justice”; we should first try to define it. Social justice means creating a society with principles that consist of solidarity; human rights respect, and providing an acceptable social life conditions. It means also the freedom of access to all goods and services provided by the government. First of all; social justice derives from different religious roots and perspectives, Judaism agrees about its importance in people’s lives and its positive impact on their religious beliefs and practices. Moreover; Christianity focuses on people’s dignity as an essential tool of justice, also Christianity insists on helping poor people because they suffer more to...
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