...Linda Kay Davis Crawford was born to Eddie Davis Jr. and Mary Harris – Davis in Bartlett, TN. on August 30, 1957. She was the 8th of 12 children. She accepted Christ at an early age and later became one of the first members of Holy City Church of God In Christ under the great leadership of Bishop Jerry Taylor. Shortly after graduating from Bartlett High School, Alan entered into her life in December of 1976. On July 1st, 1977 they solidified their union in holy matrimony. She loved her 4 children, but she adored her grandchildren. Soon after her marriage Linda was blessed to begin a 25 year career working for Bellsouth / AT&T Telephone Company. After retiring from Bellsouth she worked for Baptist Memorial Hospital for 12 years. Linda loved...
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...The Roman Church is a body of ideals that changes based on the times. Therefore, the qualities that constitute a heretic or a witch in the eyes of the church change over time as well. What may start out as a sect of the Roman Church, such as the Spiritual Franciscans, changes just enough over time that they are then viewed as heretical and a danger to the ideals of the Roman Church. Furthermore, the transformation of these heretical ideas into the view of witches is largely in part due to the change in Orthodoxy and Heterodoxy in the Roman Church. With the changing ideals, the aspects of society that were seen as common and necessary, including the village witch, change and become seen as dangerous, prideful, and infectious. The transformation in the terms Orthodoxy and Heterodoxy in the Roman Church and society played a part in the process of segregating the “others” in society. These others include the intellectuals, Jews, lepers, prostitutes, and homosexuals. Furthermore, this shift in ideals and heresy played a...
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...Paul E. Garcia Professor Jeremy Pilarski English Composition I 13 November 2012 Searching for Answers Its reputation so grand, that hardly anyone doubts its authenticity. A book so old, yet few ask of its origin. All we are told is that its author is God. In some cases, it is all a civilization has ever known. To believe in the Bible in our era with so little proof and evidence seems difficult to many of us. Apparently, faith is stronger, and it’s what keeps religion alive. But there has to be something beyond that. Something that’s more reliable and firm. That is why we search for answers. Unfortunately, faith isn’t always enough. The four main gospels in the Bible that we know of are those of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. What most of us don’t know is that these weren’t the only ones written. Imagine the amount of people in that era who decided to write about Jesus’ trials. His life was recorded by thousands of followers across the land. A tale so interesting and compelling, but it was scattered and unorganized because people’s accounts on facts and occurrences differed. The word spread and about 300 years after the crucifixion of Christ, the number of his followers had multiplied which led to Christianity becoming a major movement throughout Eastern Europe. The Bible wasn’t a published book until someone with enough power and a clever plan got their hands...
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...evolved through the ages, so has the institution of marriage. According to an article published on BBC news, titled the ten key “moments in history of marriage”, many Anglo-Saxons and early British tribes used marriage as a tool to build strategic alliance in the realms of diplomacy and trade. With the advent of the Roman Catholic Church, the notion of marriage evolved and theologian began to view it as a sacred ceremony that was done in the presence of the Almighty. This position was further strengthened by the council of Trent in 1593 when marriage was officially deemed as one the seven sacraments. Then as the role of the church in society began to evolve so did the definition of the marriage and the way it was viewed in society. Divorce started to become more common and with the gradual separation of the church and the state, the State assumed the role of becoming an institution that granted marriage right to couple. These civil or non-religious marriages were the founding blocks for a long debate about the sanctity of marriage and led to individuals and society debate on long established of the nature of marriage and whether it is meant to be a sacred institution that allows the bond between a man and woman only or its possible for people of the same gender to share the bliss of holy matrimony. Regardless, of how society defines marriage and who it deems worthy of getting married, a very pertinent question still lingers unanswered, “Why should one get married?” According...
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...these two groups. There were beliefs that separated Protestants from each other, but most of them began their beliefs protesting against Catholicism. Protestants were not developed in America. For Protestants,"Europe was the original scene of operations. The opening event was a movement that today goes by the name of Protestant Reformation."(Nuesner, 1994, p37) Catholic groups have their own reformations but for Protestants this was the beginning of their journey. The Reformation began because there were many leaders who did felt, Catholics were operating in immoral ways. Actually, Protestantism was a branch of western Christianity, the branch that opposed the Pope. Many people were concerned with trying to revise the ways of teaching the Church. Many Protestants shared most of the same belief as most Catholics. Since there were many different divisions of Protestants it is difficult to refer to Protestants as a whole, who agreed or disagreed with Catholics. Therefore, when comparing...
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...The Christian church that has been an influential spiritual vigor in Western civilization’s history and alongside with Protestantism and Eastern Orthodoxy, one of the three main aspects of Christianity, the Roman Catholic Church follows its past to Jesus Christ and his Apostles. In excess of centuries, Catholicism has built up an extremely refined theology and an intricate clerical composition regulated by the papacy, which is the oldest enduring definitive dominion in the world. In retrospect, the explanation of Roman Catholicism is directly linked as a relation of Christianity. In its individual analysis of history, Roman Catholicism was created in the actual rise of Christianity (Fairchild, 2011). An indispensable element of the characterization of any of the other domains of the Christian countries and groups in addition to its association to Roman Catholicism, how did Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy happen to divide? Was the split among Rome and the Church of England predestined? On the contrary, these questions could be vital to the explanation of Roman Catholicism itself. Such a description that remains rigorously to the authoritative Roman Catholic examination a general consensus in which the Roman Catholic Church has preserved a steady continuity from the time of the Apostles, all the while other religious groups, from the earliest Coptic to the modern church are a divergence from it. Now, the belief of faith that is shared by Christian churches is embedded...
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...themselves from the city, Amish communities avoid what they believe to be sinfulness, sloth, and frivolousness. Man occupies his right place in “the garden”; the plants and animals created by God (Hostetler, J., 1964). Agrarianism separates Amish families from worldliness. By farming their own land and raising their own livestock, this creates self-sufficiency. The need to exit the community for food is alleviated. The hands-on labor creates a connection to one’s kin and to God. Other occupations include masonry, saw milling, and carpentry; also hands-on and self-sufficient trades. With the exception of those who face the Meidung (shunning of unrighteous behavior), the family unit is strong, performing such activities as attending church, community gatherings, ceremonies (such as weddings), etc. Those who have been shunned are...
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...Immaturity: the Real Poison in Romeo and Juliet In William Shakespeare’s play, Romeo and Juliet, Romeo is a tragic hero with the tragic flaw of immaturity. His immaturity is demonstrated countless times in this love story; he weeps because Rosaline does not return his love, and he hastily kills Tybalt without reflecting on the consequences. If Romeo had properly thought through some of the potential consequences prior to resorting to such extreme measures to see Juliet again, Romeo and Juliet most likely would not have met such a tragic ending. Lastly, the marriage of Romeo to Juliet was impulsive and again lacked forethought. They “fall in love” before even getting to know one another and they fail to think through their situation before getting married without their parents’ consent. There are many examples where Romeo lacks maturity. For example, when he is muddled because Rosaline does not return his affection. Romeo says, “O, teach me how I should forget to think!” (Shakespeare, 1. 1. 217). He is unable to take his mind off Rosaline. A more mature man could do so. Another example occurs when the hopeless romantic is ranting wistfully based only on his experience with Rosaline, “Is love a tender thing? It is too rough, Too rude, too boisterous, and it pricks like thorn” (Shakespeare, 1. 4. 25-26). Romeo’s negative view of love based on a single experience demonstrates his lack of maturity. Finally, Romeo’s breakdown over Rosaline greatly impacts the plot. “At this...
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...101 Dr. William Divale The Coptic Orthodox Christians The Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria is the official name for the largest Christian church in Egypt and the Middle East. The foundational roots of the Church are based in Egypt, but are now worldwide. The church was established by Saint Mark, an apostle and evangelist, in the middle of the 1st century. Coptic Orthodox Christianity started in Egypt but has become worldwide and has become a common faith around the world. Egypt is identified in the Bible as the place of refuge that the Holy Family sought in its flight from Judea: "When he [Joseph] arose, he took the young Child and His mother by night and departed for Egypt, and was there until the death of Herod the Great, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the Lord through the prophet, saying, Out of Egypt I called My Son" (Matthew 2:12–23). The word Copt is derived from the Greek word Aigyptos, which was, in turn, derived from "Hikaptah", one of the names for Memphis, the first capital of Ancient Egypt. The modern use of the term "Coptic" describes Egyptian Christians, as well as the last stage of the ancient Egyptian language script. The word ‘orthodox’ literally means ‘straight opinion.' The Coptic church is based on the teachings of Saint Mark , he brought Christianity into Egypt during the roman era when Nero was emperor. Christianity spread throughout Egypt within...
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...country. Such marriage, however, often meet numerous difficulties, from discrimination to cultural tensions between the husband and wife. Racial intermarriage involves the added difficulty of different racial backgrounds, which also create cases of discrimination and problems fitting into the community. Though mixed couples are often analyze and put under great pressure from their families and society, the meaning of intermarriage, interreligious, and interracial will maintain to grow and it can have a very positive effect on the families formed. Intermarriage causes many problems to the couples who are in these relationships. Interfaith couples, who are of different religions, tend to live together in common law rather than in holy matrimony. According to a study made in 2006, 452,000 couples in Canada were of interrelationships. Families of prejudices are wont to believe that interfaith couples marry to be untrustworthy against their parents. Couples in interracial relationships may have like interests and educational backgrounds, but their family and cultural idea are different. Although it is possible for one or the other to change to the others faith, many people choose not to. This is because the process is too...
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...Christianity- The Largest Religion PREFACE “Universal Online Solutions”, presents a series of short articles on different religions. A Jew might contain more information on the Judaism. Same could be predicted about the followers of other religions. Then why to compose an article on any religion? That is for the two major reasons: First, all people do not have sufficient information on their own faith. It needs a lot of research to know about a religion. Some people manage to spend the required time and do the needed research. Majority cannot or do not concentrate on the religion. They have the faith because their predecessors had the same. A Christian child follows Christianity without any persuasion. This series will give the major information to its followers which they never struggled to obtain. The article will provide them all the necessary information about their faith in a concise nutshell. Efforts have been made, after extensive research work, to establish the basics of a faith, its worships, prayers, rituals, its history and all interrelated information in one thousand words or so. We have spent weeks in research to introduce this faith to our readers in its fullest context, enabling them to know all about their faith in a few minutes. Second, the individuals who are interested to know about other religions; but refrain to go through scriptures and revelations. This concise article will be of great interest to them. The article is neither a critical...
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...Marriage in Seventeenth-Century England: The Woman’s Story Alice Brabcová University of West Bohemia, Plzeň The seventeenth century represents a fascinating period of English history, drawing the attention of whole generations of historians. This turbulent age saw three major events that had a deep impact on England’ s political as well as social life—the English Revolution, the Restoration of the Stuarts in 1660 and the Glorious Revolution in 1688. Amidst the turmoil of the events, people’s everyday lives unfolded. While it was men’s preoccupation to keep the country’s political and economic affairs going, women had an indispensable, though far less public, part to play. This paper aims at providing an outline of the seventeenth-century English marriage, viewed from the woman’s perspective. It touches upon topics such as concluding marriages, basic marriage values, duties of a married woman and possibilities of divorce. Attention is paid to the areas in which the seventeenth-century reality was different from today’s. In seventeenth-century England, marriage and sexual morals played a far more important social role than nowadays. A family centred around a married couple represented the basic social, economic and political unit. In the Stuart period, a husband’s “rule” over his wife, children and servants was seen as an analogy to the king’s reign over his people—a manifestation of a hierarchy constituted by God. A woman was regarded as the ‘weaker vessel’...
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...Amanda Whitley Ashley Morgan ENG 2003 D2 29 November 2015 Courtly Love – Annotated Bibliography Boase, Roger. The Origin and Meaning of Courtly Love: A Critical Study of European Scholarship. Towota, New Jersey: Manchester UP, 1977. This rather compressed study covers an amazing variety of sources, taking up how numerous periods of literary scholars commented on courtly love, the various locations where courtly love arose in the medieval period (and why), and how the significance of courtly love itself has been understood across time, geography, and literary movements. Eventually, after surveying the field, Boase argues that courtly love appear on behalf of as a wide-reaching traditional trend, arising predominantly in a court-based Christian culture, influenced by predominantly Spanish (and relatedly, Arabic) concepts of love and relationships between men and women. He detects courtly love strictly in the fictive world of poetry, denying that any person actually meant to apply its principles to the ‘real-world’ – this element of ‘play’ recognized courtly love as an acceptable aristocratic manifestation of passion. Cherchi, Paolo. “The Ambiguity of Courtly Love in Andreas Capellanus’ Model.” Andreas and the Ambiguity of Courtly Love. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 1994. 3-41. The emphasis in this chapter is on courtly love as it is conveyed by musicians – among the many poets and geographies to choose from. Troubadours focus on...
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...Georgia, on in 1887. He was one of 13 children of William and Mariah (Hall) Poole; his father was a sharecropper, and his mother was a domestic worker. He grew up in the same town I grew up in as a child and where I was appointed in 2009 as the first African American in history to serve as the Chairman of the Board of Commissioners, Cordele, Georgia. He attended school only through the fourth grade and dropped out to begin working in sawmills and brickyards. At an early age, Elijah witnessed extreme prejudice and violence toward blacks. He experienced lynchings, racist employers, marginal wages, and other social and economic maladies which all played a role in his exodus from Cordele. This essay will explore how Poole’s early life in Cordele played key role in shaping in role in the Nation of Islam, leadership, and later life and legacy. Elijah Poole Muhammad’s leadership transformed the Nation of Islam. Elijah Poole Muhammad’s early life began when his father, William Poole, Sr. and Mariah Hall joined in holy matrimony on January 9, 1887 in Sandersville, Georgia. William’s father, Irwin was a slave and was passed down as a fourteen year old youth to be a perpetual servant to Jane Swint. Irwin married a fair-skinned mulatto woman named Peggy, who gave birth to William Poole, Sr. Mariah’s mother, Ellen, was a mulatto, fathered by a slave master who had raped her enslaved mother. Ellen was very light in...
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...| Reshaping the Ball and Chain | Christine Crocker | | EN1320 | 8/23/2012 | Homosexuals have been advocating for the right to marry one another since the early 1970’s. The idea of this being allowed to happen in society is vulgar to the sanctity of marriage. If today’s culture continues to promote this behavior then it will lead to people seeking acceptance to more extreme perverted relationships. It also violates the natural order of what human kind was created for. This issue imposes the acceptance of homosexuality to the world. The implication of same sex marriage is turning a moral issue into a civil rights argument. It confuses what gender role a person is to portray in a family unit. Christianity advocates that same sex marriage offends God. Throughout history the definition of marriage has been understood as a lifelong commitment between a man and a woman with the duty to procreate that is until the late twentieth century. As of January 1, 2013 the United States will have nine states that recognize same sex marriages. Marriage between men and women in America is already a struggle with divorce rates between 40% and 50%. Allowing homosexual couples to marry will only increase these rates in the country. If these nine states continue to grant these so called “marriages” then without question this will lead to the meltdown of the way society operates (“Should gay marriage be legal”). If people keep promoting this abnormal behavior, then what will stop a...
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