...Managerial Accounting in a y Dynamic Business Environment McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Learning Objective 1 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Define Managerial Accounting g g Managerial accounting is the process of Identifying Measuring Analyzing Interpreting Communicating information 1-3 Learning Objective 2 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Managing Resources, Activities, and P d People l An organization . . . Directing Acquires Resources Organized set of activities Decision Making Controlling g Planning Hires People 1-5 Learning Objective 3 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. How Managerial Accounting Adds Value to the Organization Add V l t th O i ti • Providing information for decision making and planning. • Assisting managers in directing and controlling g g g g activities. g g p y • Motivating managers and other employees towards organization’s goals. • Measuring performance of activities, managers, and other employees. • Assessing the organization’s competitive position. 1-7 Learning Objective 4 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Managerial versus Financial Accounting A ti Financial Accounting IInterested...
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...Exercise 5–6 Requirement 1 July 1, 2013 Installment receivables ................................................... 300,000 Sales revenue .............................................................. 300,000 To record installment sale Cost of goods sold .......................................................... 120,000 Inventory..................................................................... 120,000 To record cost of installment sale Cash ................................................................................ Installment receivables ............................................... To record cash collection from installment sale July 1, 2014 Cash ................................................................................ Installment receivables ............................................... To record cash collection from installment sale 75,000 75,000 75,000 75,000 Solutions Manual, Vol.1, Chapter 5 © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2013 5–1 Exercise 5–6 (continued) Requirement 2 July 1, 2013 Installment receivables ................................................... 300,000 Inventory ..................................................................... 120,000 Deferred gross profit ................................................... 180,000 To record installment sale Cash ................................................................................. Installment receivables ............................................... To record cash collection...
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...McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Managerial Accounting, 5/e 10-1 CHAPTER 10 Standard Costing and Performance Measures for Today’s Manufacturing Environment ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS 10-1 Management by exception is a managerial technique in which only significant deviations from expected performance are investigated. 10-2 Any control system has three basic parts: a predetermined or standard performance level, a measure of actual performance, and a comparison between standard and actual performance. The system works by making the comparison between actual and standard performance and then taking action to bring about a desired consequence. 10-3 One method of setting standards is the analysis of historical data. Historical cost data provide an indicator of future costs. The methods for analyzing cost behavior described in Chapter 7 are used to predict future costs on the basis of historical costs. These predictions then form the basis for setting standards. Another method for setting standards is task analysis, which is the analysis of a production process to determine what it should cost to produce a product or service. The emphasis shifts from what the product did cost in the past to what it should cost in the future. An example of task analysis is a time-and-motion study conducted to determine how long each step performed by direct laborers should require. 10-4 A perfection (or ideal) standard is the cost expected under perfect or...
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...dissolves as a corporation. (3) A statutory consolidation results when two or more companies transfer all of their assets or capital stock to a newly formed corporation. The original companies are being “consolidated” into the new entity. (4) A business combination is also formed whenever one company gains control over another through the acquisition of outstanding voting stock. Both companies retain their separate legal identities although the common ownership indicates that only a single economic entity exists. Consolidated financial statements represent accounting information gathered from two or more separate companies. This data, although accumulated individually by the organizations, is brought together (or consolidated) to describe the single economic entity created by the business combination. Companies that form a business combination will often retain their separate legal identities as well as their individual accounting systems. In such cases, internal financial data continues to be accumulated by each organization. Separate financial reports may be required for outside...
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...Appendix A Service Department Costing: An Activity Approach Solutions to Questions A-1 Interdepartmental service costs exist whenever two service departments perform services for each other. Under the step method, the costs of the service department performing the greatest amount of service for the other service departments are allocated first, the costs of the service department performing the next greatest amount of service are allocated next, and so forth through all the service departments. Once a service department’s costs have been allocated, costs are not reallocated back to it under the step method. A-2 Under the direct method, costs are not allocated between service departments. Rather, all service department costs are allocated directly to operating departments. A-3 If a variable base is used to allocate fixed costs, the costs allocated to one department will depend in large part on what is happening in other departments. For example, ineffectiveness in one department will result in it being relieved of allocated costs, and these costs will be shifted onto other departments. As a consequence, the more efficient departments will be penalized. A-4 In many firms, managers of departments have great latitude over the extent to which their departments will utilize the services offered by the firm’s service departments. In order to encourage the use of certain services which otherwise might not be used (such as performance evaluation and internal auditing), the services...
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...Chapter 1 Environment and Theoretical Structure of Financial Accounting AACSB assurance of learning standards in accounting and business education require documentation of outcomes assessment. Although schools, departments, and faculty may approach assessment and its documentation differently, one approach is to provide specific questions on exams that become the basis for assessment. To aid faculty in this endeavor, we have labeled each question, exercise and problem in Intermediate Accounting, 7e with the following AACSB learning skills: Questions 1–1 1–2 1–3 1–4 1–5 1–6 1–7 1–8 1–9 1–10 1–11 1–12 1–13 1–14 1–15 1–16 1–17 1–18 1–19 1–20 1–21 1–22 1–23 1–24 1–25 1–26 1–27 1–28 1–29 AACSB Tags Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking 1–30 1–31 1–32 Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Brief Exercises 1–1 1–2 1–3 1–4 1–5 1–6 AACSB Tags Analytic Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking...
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...Accounting for Managers Other titles in the Briefcase Books series include: Customer Relationship Management by Kristin Anderson and Carol Kerr Communicating Effectively by Lani Arredondo Manager’s Guide to Performance Reviews by Robert Bacal Performance Management by Robert Bacal Recognizing and Rewarding Employees by R. Brayton Bowen Building a High Morale Workplace by Anne Bruce Motivating Employees by Anne Bruce and James S. Pepitone Six Sigma for Managers by Greg Brue Design for Six Sigma by Greg Brue and Robert G. Launsby Leadership Skills for Managers by Marlene Caroselli Negotiating Skills for Managers by Steven P. Cohen Effective Coaching by Marshall J. Cook Conflict Resolution by Daniel Dana Manager’s Guide to Strategy by Roger A. Formisano Project Management by Gary R. Heerkens Managing Teams by Lawrence Holpp Budgeting for Managers by Sid Kemp and Eric Dunbar Hiring Great People by Kevin C. Klinvex, Matthew S. O’Connell, and Christopher P. Klinvex Time Management by Marc Mancini Retaining Top Employees by J. Leslie McKeown Empowering Employees by Kenneth L. Murrell and Mimi Meredith Finance for Non-Financial Managers by Gene Siciliano Skills for New Managers by Morey Stettner Manager’s Survival Guide by Morey Stettner The Manager’s Guide to Effective Meetings by Barbara J. Streibel Interviewing Techniques for Managers by Carolyn P. Thompson Managing Multiple Projects by Michael Tobis and Irene P. Tobis To learn more about titles...
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...McGraw-Hill/Irwin © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2009 Hoyle, Schaefer, Doupnik, Advanced Accounting, 9/e 3-1 CHAPTER 3 CONSOLIDATIONS—SUBSEQUENT TO THE DATE OF ACQUISITION Answers to Discussion Questions How Does a Company Really Decide which Investment Method to Apply? Students can come up with literally dozens of factors that should be considered by Pilgrim in making the decision as to the method of accounting for its subsidiary, Crestwood Corporation. The following is simply a partial list of possible points to consider. Use of the information. If Pilgrim does not monitor its own income levels closely, applying the equity method would seem to be a waste of time and energy. A company must plan to use the additional data before the task of accumulation becomes worthwhile. Size of the subsidiary. If the subsidiary is large in comparison to Pilgrim, the effort required of the equity method may be important. Income levels would probably be significant. However, if the subsidiary is actually quite small in relation to the parent, the impact might not be material enough to warrant the extra effort. Size of dividend payments. If Crestwood pays out most of its earnings each period as dividends, that figure will approximate equity income. Little additional information would be accrued by applying the equity method. In contrast, if dividends are small or not paid on a regular basis, a Dividend Income balance might vastly understate the profits to be recognized...
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...CHAPTER 3 CONSOLIDATIONS—SUBSEQUENT TO THE DATE OF ACQUISITION Answers to Discussion Questions How Does a Company Really Decide which Investment Method to Apply? Students can come up with literally dozens of factors that should be considered by Pilgrim in making the decision as to the method of accounting for its subsidiary, Crestwood Corporation. The following is simply a partial list of possible points to consider. Use of the information. If Pilgrim does not monitor its own income levels closely, applying the equity method would seem to be a waste of time and energy. A company must plan to use the additional data before the task of accumulation becomes worthwhile. Size of the subsidiary. If the subsidiary is large in comparison to Pilgrim, the effort required of the equity method may be important. Income levels would probably be significant. However, if the subsidiary is actually quite small in relation to the parent, the impact might not be material enough to warrant the extra effort. Size of dividend payments. If Crestwood pays out most of its earnings each period as dividends, that figure will approximate equity income. Little additional information would be accrued by applying the equity method. In contrast, if dividends are small or not paid on a regular basis, a Dividend Income balance might vastly understate the profits to be recognized by the business combination. Amount of excess amortizations. If Pilgrim has paid a significant amount in excess of book value so that...
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...Chapter 6 Cost-Volume-Profit Relationships Solutions to Questions 6-1 The contribution margin (CM) ratio is the ratio of the total contribution margin to total sales revenue. It can be used in a variety of ways. For example, the change in total contribution margin from a given change in total sales revenue can be estimated by multiplying the change in total sales revenue by the CM ratio. If fixed costs do not change, then a dollar increase in contribution margin will result in a dollar increase in net operating income. The CM ratio can also be used in break-even analysis. Therefore, knowledge of a product’s CM ratio is extremely helpful in forecasting contribution margin and net operating income. 6-2 Incremental analysis focuses on the changes in revenues and costs that will result from a particular action. 6-3 All other things equal, Company B, with its higher fixed costs and lower variable costs, will have a higher contribution margin ratio than Company A. Therefore, it will tend to realize a larger increase in contribution margin and in profits when sales increase. 6-4 Operating leverage measures the impact on net operating income of a given percentage change in sales. The degree of operating leverage at a given level of sales is computed by dividing the contribution margin at that level of sales by the net operating income at that level of sales. 6-5 The break-even point is the level of sales at which profits are zero. It can also be defined as the point where total revenue...
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...Chapter 11 Standard Costs and Operating Performance Measures Problem 11-12 (45 minutes) 1. a. In the solution below, the materials price variance is computed on the entire amount of materials purchased whereas the materials quantity variance is computed only on the amount of materials used in production: Actual Quantity of Input, at Actual Price (AQ × AP) Actual Quantity Standard Quantity of Input, at Allowed for Output, at Standard Price Standard Price (AQ × SP) (SQ × SP) 12,000 ounces × 9,375 ounces* × $20.00 per ounce $20.00 per ounce = $240,000 = $187,500 $225,000 Price Variance, $15,000 F 9,500 ounces × $20.00 per ounce = $190,000 Quantity Variance, $2,500 U *3,750 units × 2.5 ounces per unit = 9,375 ounces Alternatively, the variances can be computed using the formulas: Materials price variance = AQ (AP – SP) 12,000 ounces ($18.75 per ounce* – $20.00 per ounce) = $15,000 F *$225,000 ÷ 12,000 ounces = $18.75 per ounce Materials quantity variance = SP (AQ – SQ) $20.00 per ounce (9,500 ounces – 9,375 ounces) = $2,500 U © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2010. All rights reserved. Solutions Manual, Appendix 11B 1 b. Yes, the contract probably should be signed. The new price of $18.75 per ounce is substantially lower than the old price of $20.00 per ounce, resulting in a favorable price variance of $15,000 for the month. Moreover, the material from the new supplier appears to cause little or no problem in production as shown by the small materials quantity...
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...Chapter 16 Accounting for Income Taxes AACSB assurance of learning standards in accounting and business education require documentation of outcomes assessment. Although schools, departments, and faculty may approach assessment and its documentation differently, one approach is to provide specific questions on exams that become the basis for assessment. To aid faculty in this endeavor, we have labeled each question, exercise, and problem in Intermediate Accounting, 7e, with the following AACSB learning skills: Questions 16–1 16–2 16–3 16–4 16–5 16–6 16–7 16–8 16–9 16–10 16–11 16–12 16–13 16–14 16–15 AACSB Tags Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Reflective thinking Diversity, Reflective thinking Analytic Analytic Analytic Analytic Analytic Analytic Reflective thinking Analytic Analytic Analytic Analytic Analytic Analytic Analytic Analytic Analytic Analytic Analytic Analytic Analytic Analytic Analytic Exercises (cont.) 16–6 16–7 16–8 16–9 16–10 16–11 16–12 16–13 16–14 16–15 16–16 16–17 16–18 16–19 16–20 16–21 16–22 16–23 16–24 16–25 16–26 16–27 16–28 16–29 16–30 AACSB Tags Reflective thinking Analytic Analytic Analytic Analytic Analytic Communications Analytic Analytic Analytic Analytic, Reflective thinking Analytic Analytic Analytic Analytic Analytic...
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...CHAPTER 1 ACCOUNTING: INFORMATION FOR DECISION MAKING OVERVIEW OF BRIEF EXERCISES, EXERCISES AND CRITICAL THINKING CASES Brief Exercises B. Ex. 1.1 B. Ex. 1.2 B. Ex. 1.3 B. Ex. 1.4 B. Ex. 1.5 B. Ex. 1.6 B. Ex. 1.7 B. Ex. 1.8 B. Ex. 1.9 B. Ex. 1.10 Learning Objectives 1, 3, 5 2,5 3,4 5,6 1, 3, 5, 6 5, 6 2, 5, 6 7, 8 5, 7 1 Topic Users of accounting information Components of internal control Inexact or approximate measures Standards for the preparation of accounting information FASB conceptual framework PCAOB COSO Professional certifications in accounting AICPA code of professional conduct Personal benefits of accounting skills Skills Analysis Analysis Analysis, judgment Analysis Analysis Analysis, research Analysis, ethics Analysis Analysis, ethics Analysis Exercises 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 Topic You as a user of accounting information Real World: Boeing Company, California Public Employees Retirement System, China Airlines Users of accounting information What is financial reporting? Generally accepted accounting principles Accounting organizations Investment return Accounting terminology Accounting organizations Financial and management accounting Management accounting information Accounting organizations Purpose of an audit Audits of financial statements Ethics and professional judgment Careers in accounting Home Depot, Inc. general information Learning Objectives Skills 1 Analysis, judgment 3, 4 Analysis, research ...
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...regular purchases; they would have to pay their accounts to ensure that subsequent purchases are delivered. CIBC’s customers may include individuals or companies of a higher risk category such as car loans for individuals or companies borrowing funds for a major expansion. *The Chapter 10 Critical Thinking Challenge questions are asked on page 496 of the text. Students are reminded at the conclusion of Chapter 10, page 515 of the text, to refer to the Critical Thinking Challenge questions at the beginning of the chapter. The solutions to the Critical Thinking Challenge questions are available here in the Solutions Manual and accessible to students on the Online Learning Centre. Copyright © 2010 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All rights reserved. 809 Fundamental Accounting Principles, Thirteenth Canadian Edition Concept Review Questions 1. Writing off a bad debt against the allowance does not reduce the estimated realizable value of a company’s accounts receivable because the write-off reduces the balances of both Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts by equal amounts so the difference between the two accounts remains the...
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...Chapter 1 Managerial Accounting and the Business Environment Solutions to Questions 1-1 Managerial accounting is concerned with providing information to managers for use within the organization. Financial accounting is concerned with providing information to stockholders, creditors, and others outside of the organization. 1-2 Essentially, managers carry out three major activities in an organization: planning, directing and motivating, and controlling. All three activities involve decision making. 1-3 The Planning and Control Cycle involves formulating plans, implementing plans, measuring performance, and evaluating differences between planned and actual performance. 1-4 A line position is directly related to the achievement of the basic objectives of the organization. A staff position is not directly related to the achievement of those objectives; rather, it is supportive, providing services and assistance to other parts of the organization. 1-5 In contrast to financial accounting, managerial accounting: (1) focuses on the needs of the manager; (2) places more emphasis on the future; (3) emphasizes relevance and flexibility, rather than precision; (4) emphasizes the segments of an organization; (5) is not governed by GAAP; and (6) is not mandatory. 1-6 A number of benefits accrue from reduced setup time. First, reduced setup time allows a company to produce in smaller batches, which in turn reduces the level of inventories. Second, reduced setup time allows a company to spend...
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