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Media Rev.

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De vierde mediarevolutie

Het is alweer een lange tijd geleden dat ik voor het eerst met de tram naar school ging. Ik denk dat dit ongeveer 6 jaar geleden is geweest. Voordat ik met de tram naar school ging nam ik altijd de fiets of werd ik wel eens gebracht door mijn vader of moeder. Maar de tijden veranderen en ik maak nu al geruime tijd gebruik van een studenten ov-chipkaart waarmee je als student doordeweeks gratis kunt reizen met het openbaar vervoer. Sinds ik met de tram ben gaan reizen heb ik mij altijd vastgehouden aan het ritueel om mezelf te vermaken tijdens de rit heen en terug. Dit ritueel bestaat uit een muziekje luisteren, uit het raam kijken naar het voorbijrazende landschap en natuurlijk naar de vele aantrekkelijke vrouwen. Hetzelfde gold voor mijn medereizigers of ze lazen een krantje of boek. Maar sinds een jaar of twee is dit beeld erg veranderd. Mensen kijken niet meer zoveel uit het raam of hebben niet meer zo vaak een krant in hun hand, want telefoon met internet, oftewel de smartphone, is een grote rol gaan spelen in het leven van deze forensen. Wij zijn dus in de afgelopen jaren steeds vrijer en onafhankelijker geworden. Persoonlijke vrijheid is belangrijker geworden voor het individu. Mensen leven steeds meer onverstoorbaar langs elkaar heen[1]. De klassieke massacommunicatie maakt plaats voor interpersoonlijke communicatie.

Je zou de smartphone een ware revolutie kunnen noemen, want volgens Kees van Wijk kan je al een revolutie spreken als het straatbeeld en de gedachtegang van mensen ook verandert. Tot nu toe hebben er al drie revoluties plaatsgevonden. Namelijk het fonetisch schrift, de boekdrukkunst en de elektronische media. De jaren die verstrijken tussen deze revoluties worden steeds minder. De uitvinding van elektronische media is nog niet zo lang geleden, maar Van Wijk zegt ook dat de ruimtes tussen mediarevoluties in de toekomst kleiner zullen worden [2]. Nu is de vraag: Kunnen we spreken van een vierde mediarevolutie? Wat Marshal McLuhan in de jaren zestig in zijn boek schreef is nu een realiteit aan het worden. Zo heeft hij ook gezegd dat vrijwel elk gebruiksvoorwerp een medium is omdat deze, in zijn optiek, een verlenging zijn van de menselijke functionaliteiten [3]. De mensen aan de andere kant van de wereld voelen niet meer zo ver weg als voorheen. De wereld verandert in, zoals McLuhan dat heel mooi beschreef: een global village [4]. Met de komst van internet twintig jaar geleden, veranderde onze wereld langzaam in een grenzeloze staat waarin communicatie directer is dan ooit tevoren. Maar tot voor kort was dit toch niet de realiteit, want er was toen nog altijd één beperking.

Volgens van Wijk is een kenmerk van het internet dat het altijd en overal aanwezig is. Hier heeft hij gelijk in, maar pas met de komst van smartphones en het mobiele netwerk is het mogelijk om deze gedigitaliseerde bibliotheek te allen tijde te bezoeken. Voorheen moesten we dit doen via een vast aangewezen punt, zoals thuis of op werk. Door de komst van de smartphone is deze beperking verdwenen.

Wat ook meespeelt is dat het internet steeds interpersoonlijker wordt. Voorheen was het met name eenrichtingsverkeer wat betreft de uitwisseling van informatie. De ontvanger keek naar het scherm en nam voornamelijk de informatie op, maar gaf niks terug. Je ziet dat de mensen van nu meer invloed hebben op de content van het internet. De mensen kunnen nu hun ideeën en gedachten veel makkelijker kwijt dan eerst. Denk bijvoorbeeld aan foto’s delen, blogs bijhouden, nieuwsberichten sturen, informatie over hun banen en scholen posten etc. De social media die zij hiervoor gebruiken zijn websites zoals: Facebook, Twitter ect. Dit heeft recent nog indirect geleid tot afzetting van dictators, zoals Muammar Kaddafi en Hosni Moebarak. Social media websites speelden een grote rol in de organisatie van Protestbewegingen tegen deze heersers [5].

Kortom, ik vind dat we kunnen spreken van het begin van de vierde mediarevolutie. De ontwikkelingen die het internet de laatste jaren heeft doorgemaakt zijn daar het bewijs van. De smartphone zorgt ervoor dat het web daadwerkelijk altijd en overal toegankelijk is. Het straatbeeld zal in de toekomst zeker meer veranderen. Maar die verandering zie je momenteel vooral in het virtuele milieu.

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