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Medical Acupuncture

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Piercing the skin with needles seems like a peculiar notion and the possibility that this could have any health benefits seems a bizarre concept, at least from the biomedical perspective. Yet, acupuncture is now a common form of treatment for many ailments and most towns in New Zealand have an acupuncture clinic (Dew, 2003). However, there have been several social, political, medical and regulatory processes and forces by which acupuncture has become this integrated into mainstream health services. This discussion will focus on four of these processes, which include providing evidence which is in accordance with biomedical constructions of evidence, use of needles as a boundary object, the rise of integrative medicine and subsidisation of the …show more content…
The development of evidence-based medicine (EBM) and the randomized controlled trial (RCT) gave biomedical scientists and physicians the means to dominate the production of legitimate medical evidence (Broom & Tovey, 2007). This is imperative as biomedicine claims to offer the ‘only valid approach to the understanding and treatment of disease and illness,’ (Nettleton, 2006). This biomedical assumption and the reality that medical doctors have been (and remain) the main sources of health services meant that complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) groups, including acupuncture, had to attempt to integrate themselves in a health care environment dominated by allopathic medicine. To do this, CAM practitioners and researchers had to address the production of the ‘golden standard of evidence’ to claim legitimacy and gain acceptance (Jackson & Scambler, 2007). However, the fundamental principles of acupuncture are radically different than biomedical understandings of treatment (Jackson & Scambler, 2007). Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) acupuncture is person-centred and iterative, working in relation to the body’s response on the treatment (Scott, 2017). Therefore, in the paradigm of EBM and RCTs, TCM acupuncturists struggled to convert their practice into a standardized format …show more content…
Integrative medicine is the ideal of combining Western practices of biomedicine with more traditional CAM approaches to healthcare delivery (Hollenberg & Muzzin, 2010). This has already been observed in a variety of healthcare settings, where medical programs contain CAM approaches, ‘integrative’ physicians are graduating and health policy is being rewritten to incorporate CAM by large organisations like the World Health Organisation (Hollenberg & Muzzin, 2010). Although the development and success of integrative medicine in respects to acupuncture was largely due to the already recognised status in biomedicine, it has also played its part to further integration. For example, in the U.S. the National Acupuncture Detoxification Program has created an acupuncture procedure which has been implemented by drug courts and rehabilitation centres in several states (Maizes, Rakel & Niemiec, 2009). Through programs and services such as this, integrative medicine has and will remain a key driver in the movement of acupuncture as a practice into more mainstream

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