...Evaluate biomedical model of health Current medical models assume that all illness is secondary to disease. Revision is needed to explain illnesses without disease and improve organisation of health care. Cultural and professional models of illness influence decisions on individual patients and delivery of health care. The biomedical model of illness, which has dominated health care for the past century, cannot fully explain many forms of illness. This failure stems partly from three assumptions: all illness has a single underlying cause, disease (pathology) is always the single cause, and removal or attenuation of the disease will result in a return to health. Currently, most models of illness assume a causal relation between disease and illness—the perceived condition of poor health felt by an individual. Cultural health beliefs and models of illness help determine the perceived importance of symptoms and the subsequent use of medical resources.4 The assumption that a specific disease underlies all illness has led to medicalisation of commonly experienced anomalous sensations and often disbelief of patients who present with illness without any demonstrable disease process. Finally, most biomedical models also seem strongly linked to primitive forms of intuitive mind-body dualism. Health commissioners, budgetary systems, healthcare professionals, and the public all act as if there is some clear, inescapable separation between physical and mental health problems, ignoring evidence...
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...construct of disability by focusing on eugenics and language. In addition to the medical and social model of disability, segregation and the oppression of disability. Furthermore the Medias influence on social constructs. Within the United Kingdom there are an estimated 9 million disabled adults. (Office for Disability Issues updated Department for Work and Pensions estimates based on Family Resources survey 2009/10). Despite the high number, people with impairments are treated as a separate homogenous group to the rest of society. Firstly, to understand where we are today with disability as a social construction I will provide a historical account of disability in western society. To pinpoint precisely the origins of society’s attitude towards disability and disabled people would be almost impossible (Barton 1996). One theory that has been suggested, is that the view that our perceptions of impairments and disability are influenced by psychological fear of the unknown, the anomalous and the abnormal (Barton 1996 cites Douglas 1966). Historically, disability has been a source of oppression where disabled people have been socially excluded from many areas of social life. The exclusion can be traced back to an era when biblically ideas formed of society. The religious model of disability produced notions of what was acceptable and not acceptable; this included the exclusion of imperfections of the body. Imperfect bodies were presented as immoral and disability was perceived...
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...LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK IN KENYA ON THE RIGHTS OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES INTERNATIONAL LAWS Under The Constitution of Kenya, article 2(5) and (6), treaties and rules of international law are part of Kenyan Law. This essentially means that even without domesticating some of the treaties their obligations apply directly to Kenya. The Convention on the Rights of the Child is the first treaty that protected children rights. It guiding principles have a direct impact to children with disabilities. These include; non-discrimination, that these children should not be discriminated on the ground of disability, best interests of the child; under this rubric states must eradicate policy laws which do not place the best interests of the child as paramount, A child’s survival and development; that laws set must aim at ensuring development and survival of the child, and finally, Child participation, i.e. that children with disabilities or organizations representing them be consulted in matters and decisions affecting them. Article 23 of the Convention lays emphasis on the right of these children to special care and support to ensure they live full and independent lives. Most importantly the article guarantees the disabled children all the rights in the Convention. The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) through General Comment 5 states that persons with disabilities should be guaranteed all rights under the covenant. On education, the...
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...According to HIQA (2013:3), "What prevents people with disabilities from leading fulfilling lives is not lack of ability but other people's low expectations of them". Discuss this statement with reference to people with intellectual disabilities. This essay is based on the discussion of what prevents people with disabilities from leading a fulfilling life is not their lack of ability but other peoples low expectations of them. This essay will firstly define 'HIQA', what the aim of HIQA is and how it is important to those with disabilities. Secondly, the topic will be focusing on the childhood years for those with disabilities, discussing how people with disabilities were treated in society. Following this will be information about the 1900s...
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...Introduction A disability may be any physical or mental incapacity caused by an injury or disease, which places a limitation on an individual. Physical disabilities are commonly the result of a genetic disorder, disease, injury, aging or mental disabilities as defines by the organisations such as the Paralympics and Special Olympics, are referenced as intellectual disabilities. Studies and issues that touch on disabilities are very sensitive and therefore they require a unique approach. The best way to introduce this matter is by adopting an equally unique approach which helps in knowing and understanding he issues that are presented. Sociology in medicine focuses on research structure in a way that serves medical care needs (Rebach & Bruhn,...
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...Intro A disability is a physical, mental or intellectual condition, which limits a person’s movement, senses, abilities or activities. ‘The Disability Act 2006 applies to disability service providers funded under the Disability Services program of the Victorian Department of Human Services (DHS). It replaces the intellectually Disabled Persons’ Services Act 1986 and Disability Services Act 1991’. This Act involves principles for people with a disability and for the disability services, in which provide a framework for the quality of services in line with the vision for people who suffer from a disability. These principals include; ‘respect for their human worth and dignity as individuals, live free from abuse, neglect or exploitation, realise their individual capacity for physical, social, emotional and intellectual...
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...Completely Human: Wheelchair May Be Included On a warm Tuesday afternoon in the sunshine state, students and faculty members bustled to and fro from my view parked in front of academic one. Waiting patiently for the next bus to come, I silently hoped the lift on this one worked unlike the last bus. Seeing as I would be late for class anyway, I just wanted to at least catch the professor. Tires screeched as I witnessed the giant shuttle bus hiss to a halt at the curb. Releasing my brakes, I navigated my wheelchair to a closer spot next to the great vehicle. Upon learning of my goal of reaching Modesto A Maidique Campus, the driver got right down to business turning levers and pushing buttons to let down to lift that is to bring me inside. Giving it a test drive, he continued to tap the buttons to direct machinery upward. Stubbornly, the lift wouldn't budge. Every switch and button combination failed to get the lift off the ground while the defiant lift wouldn't cooperate, a long line of students form to get on the bus. The minutes crawled by slowly but surely approaching the time of departure. As if setting off a silent alarm, everyone in the line fidgeted and squirmed with an insatiable itch to board the shuttle. The air was thick with the crowds’ agitation swimming among the murmuring, the grumblings and the glances in my direction. With the help of another personnel, the driver finally got the relentless machine to reluctantly move. Finishing up the test I was allowed to...
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...Molly Patterson Flowers for Algernon Paper Recreation for Special Populations East Tennessee State University Flowers for Algernon is a short story that has many themes within it. This paper will focus on the theme of the mistreatment of disabled people. The bullying is practiced purposely and accidentally. However, society mistreats anyone who is different and most of the time it happens subconsciously. The main theme of this story is the mistreatment of mentally disabled and even mentally gifted people. Mentally disabled people are mistreated daily just because of their condition. Many cruel people, like the bakery workers in the story, make fun of mentally disabled people just for amusement. Others treat the mentally disabled as inferior and try to help them, but the help they offer is only because they feel superior to the disabled person and view the help as charity. Society in general feels awkward and superior to the mentally disabled due to lack of contact or knowledge of them. Even the main character, Charlie, is unable to show any warmth for the mentally disabled once he gains his knowledge. An example of how society treats people who are different is proven through each person’s level of knowledge. Young children treat mentally disabled kids the same as any other. However as they grow and learn more through society they begin to treat them different. As we have learned in class, society has enough knowledge to know that these people are different but...
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...University 01/18/2016 GOD ‘S CHILDREN How might GOD use people with disabilities, mental retardation and ADHD to his glory? Jeremiah 29:11 states: For I know the plans I have for you,” says the Lord. “ They are plans for good and not for disaster, to give you a future and a hope. When our circumstances look hopless, God has a plan for his people. The abilities we have been blessed with at times lie dormant, a display of love given to maybe a person in need, shines the light on all involved. R OMANS 8:28 States: And we know that GOD causes everything to work together for the good of those who love GOD and are called according to his purpose for them. Our purpose as people of GOD are interwoven to one another, this is my belief, I cannot be selfish and expect to receive any good while my purpose is to dispense the gifts GOD has blessed me with. I wonder if children or people with exceptionalities are guardian angels watching over us instead of we thinking we are watching over people with disabilities. Because God is good, some of his creation will live with a disability. Many hold the view that a good God would never purposely create that kind of suffering for any of his creation. But God uses disabilities to point us toward himself (www.hopeingod.org/document/beyond access). Why is it important that disability is normal in the bible, Disability has existed in every culture, people with disabilities can be very talented leaders: Naaman-2 Kings 5, God brings good news through...
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...To frame the rampant generalization and simplification of minorities, our critical discussion on how culture is not a simplified and unitary model, but actually a way people draw from other perceptions and make interpretations of their own world, provides a multidimensional perspective on culture. Within their podcast, Miller and Spiegel highlight the certain ways social institutions hinder and discourage the visually impaired by placing an extremely low bar on their capabilities. When they discuss Daniel Kish’s observation on how the blind are mentally capable of “seeing” but are inhibited through the perceptions of others, he states that the visually impaired are “slaves to others thinking [and perceptions]” and distresses that they are somehow “comfortable with that”. This exemplifies how organizations that are perhaps trying to aid them in their development, are actually acting...
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...Why Does Your Attitude Matter? • People who have disabilities have the challenge to overcome physical, cognitive and emotional obstacles. • The ____________________________ of others is another obstacle to overcome. • As a leisure service provider, having a _________________, accepting and encouraging attitude is crucial if inclusion is going to work. • Additionally, the attitudes of your staff members must also be positive. o The big issue: ________________________________ How are Attitudes Formed? • _____________________ • Beliefs • Attitudes • Intentions • ____________________ Antecedents to Beliefs... • Those conditions that “_____________________” for beliefs to develop • Ex - community, past experiences, families, friends Beliefs... • What people ____________________________________ • Composed of an individual’s perception of information available • Result in the acquisition of knowledge, which may not necessarily be correct Attitude Defined... • Attitude: a _________________________________ to respond in a consistently favorable or unfavorable manner with respect to a given object • A way of responding (positive or negative) to a person, place, or thing. • _____________________, not inherited • Three parts: cognitive (think), affective (feel) and behavioral (act) Intentions... • Those behavioral plans made with respect to the presence of another person • Reflect ____________________ that influence behavior • Indications of how much...
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...their outlooks on disability. Laster on you will see the comparisons between those two cultures and the American culture. I selected the Jamaican culture because it has always been a dream of mine to visit Jamaica. I selected Haiti because I am not well educated on their culture. In that Jamaican cultural concepts that influence disability originate from their religious beliefs that are related to Christianity and Afro- Christian sects. The beliefs that Jamaicans have majorly influence that way they look at disability. They believe that disability is a punishment for wrong doing. Even professionals and the educated middle class tend that a disability is a result of sin. The Jamaican people re firm believer sin the power of God who tells the difference between good and evil that happens in their daily lives. The people who partake in sin or commit a wrongful act will result in punishment. If this person partakes in these actions their off spring will result in negative effects, in their case a disability. ( Stone, 98) Families in Jamaica do not like it when the public knows that there is someone in the family has a disability. They do not want to be shamed upon. Some neighbors might know that the child has a disability, however they will not have direct contact with them or a close view of the child. People who believe that disabilities are a natural cause are often considered sophisticated in the Jamaican society. The believe that the disability is a medical mistake, or a malfunction...
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...Alex Weaver Section 001 CSD 230 Disability Paper For my paper I watched the movie radio. Radio is based on a true story about a young man “Radio”, who had a mental handicap, who struggled to communicate and had never had a formal education. The film is set during the 70’s, so not many people know how to deal with a mentally handicapped person. Radio pushes a shopping cart around town while watching the high school football practice. One day after practice a couple of the players tie radio up in a storage shed and leave him there. The head football coach, Coach Jones finds Radio and eventually takes Radio in as the team manager. Radio becomes apart of the school and team, but still faces adversity from some bullies and people in the town who find him a distraction to the team and student. With the help of Coach Jones, Radio is able to overcome all these events while gaining the support of those who at first disliked him, learn to love him. While Radio is a Hollywood story, it does show light of the struggles a disabled person faces and how positive influences can help them. From this movie I learned the advances that have taken place for disabled culture and the acceptance of disabled people. In the movie it was a big deal that Radio was even around students because nobody had ever been around disabled people, however now it is very common to have classes with somebody with a disability. Another thing I learned about was the overall kindness he had even though he was...
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...Love 1 Skye Love ENGL 1150-020 Matt Williams 6 November 2015 Phantom of the Opera What is a disability? The term itself can be defined as “a physical or mental handicap, especially one that prevents a person from living a full, normal life” (Dictionary.com). In media, disabilities are numerous and can be depicted in a variety of ways. In the film, Phantom of the Opera, the 2004 version, directed by Joel Schumacher, stereotypes for those with disabilities arise. The reason why the Phantom of the Opera can be looked at as a film that enforces a stereotype is because of the phantom himself. Due to his deformity, the phantom presents that the disabled are evil and should be kept away from their present societies. When a present society rejects one based on their disability, they are bound to seek revenge. According to Jack Nelson’s, “Broken Images: Portrayals of Those with Disabilities in American Media”, “disabled villains rail against their “fate” and vow to...
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...Appendix I Part I Define the following terms: Term Definition Ageism This is like Stereotyping and/or discriminating against people or groups because of their age. Baby boomer This is the group of folks there were called baby boomers following World War II era. They were born between 1944 and 1964. Americans with Disabilities Act This was known as the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 this was a law that sets rules for the prevention of discrimination based on disability. Visitability How well level of accessibility in order to meet Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) guidelines Accessibility How well a physically challenged people I able to use the facility or place Disability Limited ability to perform some tasks in life because of a problem that is sometimes out of there control Inclusion addition to a group or mixture from someone or something Deinstitutionalization To release a disabled person from a hospital or other institution with the intent of giving treatment or support under the care of professionals. Special education Education that particularized for people having special learning abilities or disabilities. Part II Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1. Health Issues 2. Economic Welfare 3. Loneliness Answer the following questions in 150 to 250 words each: • What is being done to address the issues you identified? As the group of people working reach retirement employers will have to review...
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