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Medical Technologies

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What is the best way to develop, introduce, regulate, provide access, and pay for new health technologies in the 21st century?

New diagnostic techniques have often made it possible to detect disease in time to apply an appropriate therapy. Even in cases of diseases for which no effective preventive or therapeutic measures are available, technologies have aided in relief of pain, amelioration of symptoms, and rehabilitation of individuals affected by chronic conditions (88). Finally, some new technology has increased access to health care, some has reduced the cost of care, and some has improved the outcome of care (45). Health care costs are escalating rapidly. The expanded use of medical technologies is an important factor in the rising costs, imposing economic burdens which cause problems for patients, for their families, and for society. Medical technologies contribute to medical care costs in various ways: Some have large capital investments, some require the use of costly supportive services, some present the possibility or requirement of costly followup care, some establish the need for continued use, some are overused after initial proof of reliability of efficacy (particularly diagnostic technologies), and some are used for inappropriate purposes.

(Technology Transfer at the National Institutes of Health, 1982)

Discuss the evaluation of medical technologies.

Clearly, some evaluation criteria pertain only to “product” technologies, such as devices or drugs. Other evaluation criteria pertain to the medical purpose for which the technology is used. Efficacy and safety, however, are the basic starting points in evaluating the overall utility of a technology. Other criteria, such as legal concerns, are rarely needed if the technology is shown to be inefficacious or unsafe. And, efficacy and safety information is often needed for evaluations of cost effectiveness or potential for reimbursement.
The six groups of evaluation methods are: preclinical, informal, epidemiological and statistical, controlled clinical trials, formal consensus development, and cost-effectiveness analysis/comprehensive technology assessment

Provide examples of at least two evaluation methods that have been discussed either in popular press or scholarly journals.
Clinical Trials: This method was used a lot at my previous employer. Conducting clical trials allows for freat development in medical technology.
Formal Consensus Development: Formal consensus development is an evaluation method which synthesizes evaluation results from earlier, more specific studies.

(Technology Transfer at the National Institutes of Health, 1982)

Works Cited
Technology Transfer at the National Institutes of Health. (1982). Washington DC: Congress of The United States.

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