...in a single dose. In the case of penicillin, half of the dose is used in children under 10 years of age than in adults. There is no vaccine against yaws that prevents its appearance. The prevention of this disease is aimed at interrupting the transmission between people through early diagnosis, thus avoiding contagion. Discussion (I defined both) Medicalization is a social process through which a human state or condition is considered as treatable as a medical condition. As example, obesity, alcoholism, childhood hyperactivity all been defined as medical problems that are, as a result, treated by doctors. In current society, medicalization can be motivated by one of three cultural factors: new evidence or medical observations about mental or behavioral conditions; changing economic or social attitudes; or through the development of new medical technology, treatments, and medications. The concept of "pharmaceuticalization", which can be defined as the transformation of human conditions, capacities into opportunities for pharmacological interventions. Although pharmaceuticalization has a lot of common points with medicalization, it differs from the other because it is not necessarily linked to some kind of medical diagnosis, as shown by the growing phenomenon of medication use without a therapeutic indication. Pharmaceuticalization creates identities around the use of certain drugs, in addition to reinforcing the idea of "a pill for every ill", thereby expanding the pharmaceutical...
Words: 758 - Pages: 4
...The Medicalization of Adult ADHD Richard W Hall Schreiner Professional Nursing Issues - Ethics NURS 4201 01 N Professor L. Kendrick November 27, 2015 The Medicalization of Adult ADHD You buy another organizing system, to organize your last five organizing systems. You just know this system will be the one to finally get your life in order. Maybe. Could I be ADHD? The person sitting beside you grabs your attention, but so does the heating unit shutting on and off, the fluorescent light flickering above you, and a bird flying by the window! Could I be ADHD? While considering your answer to your boss’ question, you wonder what’s for supper. .. I’m sorry. What was that question again? Could I be ADHD? Funny situations, serious question. Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) has been the subject of much debate over the past 50 years. In the 19th century children with signs and symptoms like ADHD, if not labeled bad/problem children, could get the diagnosis neurasthenia. In the first half of the 20th century, before the first Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-1, published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA), came out in 1952, children with similar symptoms may have been diagnosed as having hyperkinetic disorder if not considered bad/problem children. After the DSM-1, ADHD was referred to as minimal brain damage (MBD). The DSM-II in 1968, referred to ADHD as MBD but said it might continue into adolescence. Attention Deficit...
Words: 1024 - Pages: 5
...problems. Medicalization can be defined as the way in which human problems become defined and treated as medical problems (Sadler, Jotterand et al. 2009). Medicalization is often viewed as a ‘bad’ thing, however Peter Conrad argues that it is a neutral term (Parens 2011). However today the term medicalization is usually used in criticism of medicalization, perhaps over-medicalization would be more appropriate, and the term medicalization kept neutral, simply humans problems being treated as medical ones, whether beneficial or not. In the early days of the examination of medicalization it became clear that some of the main powers driving and facilitating this phenomenon were medical professionals and pharmaceutical companies. The power and authority of the medical professionals was an important force of medicalization (Conrad 2005). Their influence can be seen in the treatment of menopause, childbirth and child abuse (Conrad 2005). Writings by Ivan Illich, Michelle Foucault and R.D Laing raised awareness and concern about medical concepts, procedures and power; they highlighted medicalization as a bad thing for our society and suggested that a change was needed in order to regain power in regards to our lives and human problems (Sadler, Jotterand et al. 2009). Social movements and interest groups also gave root to medicalization, the 'alcoholic’s movement' and Alcoholics Anonymous being a prime example (Conrad 2005). In more recent examinations of medicalization new views have...
Words: 2854 - Pages: 12
...E-mail: k.zulufkar.amu@gmail.com, Tel.: 8171286053 Accepted 10 December, 2013 The concept of medicalization emerged from the intellectual and social turmoil of the 1950s and 1960s as a critique of medicine as authoritarian and the expansion of its conceptual model to the analysis of social ills and attendant policy. “Medicalization” refers the process by which non-medical problems become defined and treated as medical problems, usually in terms of illness and disorders”. This review is based mainly on three objectives; (a) first is to explain the nature of medicalization- i.e. what medicalization actually is and why there is need of de-medicalization, (b) second is to explain the how the medicalization has negative effects on the health of people- i.e. ‘the medical establishment has become a major threat to health’ and providing a dossier of medicine’s adverse effects – the wrongs and harms it has done – through processes of clinical, social and cultural ‘iatrogenesis’ or doctor-induced conditions, and finally (c) third is to explain the impact of the dominance of professional medical power on the people’s lives especially including women. This paper is mostly based on the secondary sources such as books, articles, journals, papers, reports etc. Besides this some data has been collected from online sources. Key words: Medicalization, De-medicalization, Re-medicalization, Power, Caesarean section delivery. INTRODUCTION The concept of...
Words: 7802 - Pages: 32
...Introduction The concept of illness throughout our society can be closely associated with Marxism. According to a Marxist perspective, the social inequality that exists in society runs parallel with the various inequalities in the health system. With reference to the latter, exploitation of lower level assembly line workers or the proletariat working class can have a significant impact on workers’ health, particularly for the achievement of profit. Furthermore, in our contemporary society, medical professions have subjugated individuals illness’s within a capitalist society, disregarding health interests for the product of business. Additionally, Marxists analyses argue vigorously that class is a significant determinant of inequality with regard to illness and that the illness is implicated in a wider process of social oppression; determine by environmental factors, education and economic institutions into which one is born. All in all, from analysis of these topics there is no doubt that illness is very much a social phenomenon. Marxism and Workplace Illnesses The Marxist approach to health and illness relies heavily on the relationship they have with capitalism and class. Marx believed there were two essential classes in society; the capitalist class, who make up the minority of society, and the proletariat, also known as the working class who make up the majority. Vincent Navarro provides one of the most influential accounts of the centrality of social class and...
Words: 2323 - Pages: 10
...HOW DOES SOCIAL POWER AFFE\ ;L’;’’;’PL;L[P[P0O;;;.’;/;.’[‘’;/;L.L,/,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,M QQQQWQW4FCW2 C ‘T DEVIANT LABELLING, AND HOW DO G ENDER, RACE AND CLASS FEATURE IN THIS PROCESS JJJJJJJ N JJJ JJ JJJJJJJJJ JJJJ,,,, ‘ ‘’ \\ \ D \eviance as a violation of social norms Norms are rules and expectations by which members of society are guided.[2] . They are not necessarily moral, or even found grounded in morality; in fact, they are just as often pragmatic and, paradoxically, irrational. (A great many of what we call manners, having no logical grounds, would make for good examples here.) Norms are rules of conduct, not neutral or universal, but ever changing; shifting as society shifts; mutable, emergent, loose, reflective of inherent biases and interests, and highly selfish and one-sided. They vary from class to class, and in the generational "gap." They are, in other words, contextual. Deviance can be described as a violation of these norms.[3] Deviance is a failure to conform to culturally reinforced norms. This definition can be interpreted in many different ways. Social norms are different in one culture as opposed to another. For example, a deviant act can be committed in one society or culture that breaks a social norm there, but may be considered normal for another culture and society. Some acts of deviance may be criminal acts, but also, according to the society or culture, deviance can be strictly breaking social norms that are intact. ...
Words: 3198 - Pages: 13
...BEAUTY IN THE AGE OF MARKETING Bingqing Yin and Susie Pryor Contact person: Susie Pryor Bingqing Yin Assistant Professor Master’s student School of Business School of Business Washburn University Washburn University 1700 S. W. College 1700 S. W. College Topeka, KS 66621 Topeka, KS 66621 Phone: 785-670-1601 Phone: 785-670-1601 Email: susie.pryor@washburn.edu Email: bingqing.yin@washburn.edu Beauty in the Age of Marketing Beauty, it is said, is in the eye of the beholder. It is, accordingly, subjective and presumably both socially and culturally influenced. From a marketer’s perspective, this is a less than useful perspective, for beauty sells. A body of research suggests, for example, that physically attractive models used in advertising produce consumer expectations of accountability, dynamism and trustworthiness; therefore, marketers tend to use these models to enhance and strengthen the appeal of their advertisements and products (Atkin and Block 1983; Kamins and Gupta 1994). Physically attractive people are known to be perceived by consumers as friendly, warm, dominant, sociable, outgoing, responsive, and possessing both self-esteem and intelligence (Adams, 1977; Adams & Read, 1983; Berscheid & Walster, 1974; Bloch & Richins, 1992; Cann, Siegfried, & Pearce, 1981; Dion & Dion ,1987; Goldman & Lewis, 1977). Individuals favor and are favorably disposed towards physically attractive people...
Words: 6961 - Pages: 28
...CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER ANSWER KEY CHAPTER 1 ANSWERS FOR THE MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. b The sociological perspective is an approach to understanding human behavior by placing it within its broader social context. (4) 2 . d Sociologists consider occupation, income, education, gender, age, and race as dimensions of social location.(4) 3. d All three statements reflect ways in which the social sciences are like the natural sciences. Both attempt to study and understand their subjects objectively; both attempt to undercover the relationships that create order in their respective worlds through controlled observation; and both are divided into many specialized fields. (5-7) 4. c Generalization is one of the goals of scientific inquiry. It involves going beyond individual cases by making statements that apply to broader groups or situations. (7) 5. b The Industrial Revolution, imperialism, and the development of the scientific method all contributed to the development of sociology. The fourth influence was the political revolutions in America and France — there was no political revolution in Britain at that time. (8-9) 6. d Positivism is the application of the scientific approach to the social world. (9) 7. d Of the four statements, the one that best reflects Herbert Spencer’s views on charity is “The poor are the weakest members of society and if society intervenes to help them, it is interrupting the natural process of social evolution.” While many contemporaries of Spencer’s were...
Words: 52339 - Pages: 210
...2014-2015 Undergraduate Academic Calendar and Course Catalogue Published June 2014 The information contained within this document was accurate at the time of publication indicated above and is subject to change. Please consult your faculty or the Registrar’s office if you require clarification regarding the contents of this document. Note: Program map information located in the faculty sections of this document are relevant to students beginning their studies in 2014-2015, students commencing their UOIT studies during a different academic year should consult their faculty to ensure they are following the correct program map. i Message from President Tim McTiernan I am delighted to welcome you to the University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT), one of Canada’s most modern and dynamic university communities. We are a university that lives by three words: challenge, innovate and connect. You have chosen a university known for how it helps students meet the challenges of the future. We have created a leading-edge, technology-enriched learning environment. We have invested in state-of-the-art research and teaching facilities. We have developed industry-ready programs that align with the university’s visionary research portfolio. UOIT is known for its innovative approaches to learning. In many cases, our undergraduate and graduate students are working alongside their professors on research projects and gaining valuable hands-on learning, which we believe is integral...
Words: 195394 - Pages: 782
