...Introduction, Concept and Justification of the project: Medicinal plants are valuable natural resources which have been used in virtually all cultures. It is estimated that the number of higher plant species used worldwide for medicinal purposes is more than 50,000 (Schippmann et al., 2002). This equates to approximately 20% of the world’s vascular flora and constitutes the biggest spectrum of biodiversity used by people for a specific purpose (Hamilton et al., 2006). In fact, of the total pharmaceutical drug supply available worldwide, only 15% is consumed in developing countries (Lydecker et al., 1992), supporting the much-quoted WHO’s estimate that 80% of people worldwide rely on traditional medicine for their primary healthcare. The majority of these people are in developing countries, where rapid population growth is expected to increase pressures on medicinal plant resources. In the recent past the role of medicinal plants to cure various ailments has been reinvented. Increasing interest by multinational pharmaceutical companies and domestic manufacturers of herbal-based medicines is contributing significant economic growth of the global medicinal plants sector. However, unsustainable exploitation of medicinal plants has led to the extinction of many plants and many plants are on the verge of extinction. Internationally, the trade in medicinal plants is estimated to be worth $60 billion per year (World Bank, 2004) increasing at a rate of 7% a year (Koul and Wahab...
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...Plants have been used both in the prevention and cure of various diseases of humans and their pets. With the advent of human civilization, many systems of therapy have been developed primarily based on plants. Ayurveda, Homeopathy, Sidda, Unani, etc. are our traditional systems of medicine. The plant traditional medicinal systems continue to provide the primary health care to more than three-quarters of the world’s population. The World Health Organization has estimated that over 80% of the global populations rely chiefly on traditional medicine (Akerele, 1992). Since the beginning of human civilization, medicinal plants have been used by mankind for its therapeutic value. Nature has been a source of medicinal agents for thousands of years and an impressive number of modern drugs have been isolated from natural sources....
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...drugs used today came from various plant extracts, specifically, herbal medicinal plants. Natural products such as medicinal plants would be beneficial to the industry for its low-cost and source of potential therapeutic aid. Recent studies have shown that majority of these herbal plants exhibit pharmacological activities and no side effects were seen during the process. However, assessment of the biological activities through clinical trials exhibited by plants is lacking. Thus, analyzation of its composition and more information is greatly needed by the research...
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...gredients: • 2 cups Mushrooms, chopped • Tamarind (marble-sized piece), soaked in ½ cup water • Salt, to taste • 1 tsp Garam Masala • 1 tbsp Chana Dal/ Kadal Parippu/ Split Bengal Gram • 1 tsp Whole Black Pepper • 2 tsp Oil • ½ tsp Mustard Seeds • 2 Dry Red Chilies, halved • A few Curry Leaves How to make Chettinad Mushroom Masala: • Crush the soaked tamarind well and then strain the water. Keep the water for later use. • Dry roast chana dal and whole black pepper on a tawa. • Grind the roasted ingredients and add garam masala, while blending them. • Heat oil in a pan and add mustard seeds. • When they start crackling, add the curry leaves and red chilies and fry for about 10 seconds. • Add the chopped mushrooms and stir well, until they get coated with oil. • Add salt and cook with the lid on, until the mushrooms start sweating and become soft. • Mix in the tamarind mixture and cook on open fire, till the gravy gets thick and starts sticking to the mushrooms. • Add the ground spices and salt and fry for another 3 to 4 minutes. • Remove from fire and serve hot with rice or rotis. shahi mushroom 200 gm mushroom 4 onion (pyaj) 7-8 tomato (tamatar) 1 piece ginger (adrak) 2 green chilly (hari mirch) 1/2 tsp salt namak 1/2 tsp red chilly powder (lal mirch) 1/2 tsp spice blend (garam masala) 1 tsp sugar 1 cup cream (malai) 1/2 cup cashew nut (kaju) 3 tbsp clarified butter (ghee) How to make shahi mushroom: Cut mushrooms...
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...What are they recommended for? C. What is the dose? D. Are there any warnings about this use of the substance? E. Include personal experience with any of these substances if you would like to disclose 1. Cascara Sagrada A. Cascara sagrada is the dried bark of the buckthorn Rhamnus purshiana tree. B. Relieving occasional constipation (irregularity). C. 300 mg capsule is taken in early evening D. Cascara sagrada should not be taken for more than 7 days, if pregnant or nursing, if you have intestinal bowel problems or blockages, such as inflammatory bowel disease, ulcers or diarrhea. Finally, children under 12 should not use the herb. E. No known personal experience. 2. Dong Quai A. Dong quai is a plant. People use the root to make medicine. B. Dong quai is used for menstrual cramps, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and menopausal symptoms. It is also used orally as a “blood purifier”; to manage hypertension, infertility, joint pain, ulcers, “tired blood” (anemia), and constipation; and in the prevention and treatment of allergic attacks. Dong quai is also used orally for the treatment of loss of skin color (depigmentation) and psoriasis. Some men apply dong quai to the skin of the penis as part of a multi-ingredient preparation for treating premature ejaculation. C. Applied to the glans penis 1 hour before sex and washed off immediately before sex. D. No known personal experience. 3. Acai A. Acai, pronounced AH-sigh-EE...
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...10 MEDICINAL PLANTS 1. Akapulko (Cassia alata, Fam. Fabaceae) – also known as “bayabas-bayabasan” and “ringworm bush” in English, this herbal medicine is used to treat ringworms and skin fungal infections. 2. Ampalaya (Momordica charantia, Fam. Cucurbitaceae) – known as “bitter gourd” or “bitter melon” in English, it most known as a treatment of diabetes (diabetes mellitus), for the non-insulin dependent patients. 3. Bawang (Allium sativum, Fam. Liliaceae) – popularly known as “garlic”, it mainly reduces cholesterol in the blood and hence, helps control blood pressure. 4. Bayabas (Psidium guajava, Fam. Myrtaceae) – “guava” in English. It is primarily used as an antiseptic, to disinfect wounds. Also, it can be used as a mouth wash to treat tooth decay and gum infection. 5. Lagundi (Vitex negundo, Fam. Verbenaceae) – known in English as the “5-leaved chaste tree”. It’s main use is for the relief of coughs and asthma. 6. Niyog-niyogan (Quisqualis indica, Fam. Lamiaceae) – is a vine known as “Chinese honey suckle”. It is effective in the elimination of intestinal worms, particularly the Ascaris and Trichina. Only the dried matured seeds are medicinal -crack and ingest the dried seeds two hours after eating (5 to 7 seeds for children & 8 to 10 seeds for adults). If one dose does not eliminate the worms, wait a week before repeating the dose. 7. Sambong (Blumea balsamifera, Fam. Asteraceae)- English name: Blumea camphora. A diuretic that helps in the excretion...
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...of medicines that used to cure diseases affecting humans come from plants. Science and knowledge is why humans can find ways to cure a disease and one of the discoveries that human made to find a cure to a disease is from a plant. Plants can also be used to help humans to stay healthy. It is estimated that 75%-80% people all over the world used plants as medicine either only in parts or use entirely (WHO-World Health Organization). It was widely chosen because of the cheap cost of these plant medicines and the lower risks of side effects it has than drug medicines. Plants medicines are not only cheap, but it also has a lot of benefits and lower side effects that make it really effective. Plants have been used for treating injuries and diseases since prehistoric time. Since then, discoveries were made and more and more plants are used to cure people. Egyptian Pharaohs selected a few plants for the afterlife and this included a good selection of medicinal plants. The Greeks and Romans used lots of herbs , developing one of the earliest systems of medicine and recording the usage of many herbs. In the East, the Chinese developed their form of herbal medicine with acupuncture and the Indians worked on a system, which we now know as Ayurvedic medicine, which includes many types of herbs. Westerners use plant medicines as a starting material to creating pharmaceutical medicines that we commonly use today. Plants sometimes can cure diseases that can cause fatal death. Like, for instance...
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...Regulates good bowel movements, Lowers blood sugar and cholesterol. Tawa tawa TAWA-TAWA IS good for Dengue. If it does not totally cure the epidemic disease, at least it helps prevent or delay the effects of Dengue, that is, it lowers the platelet count of the patient’s blood. Aloe vera Aloe vera can healing the any kinds of wounds , cancer and also to the infections. The lagundi plants can healing the caught or the fever Lagundi Leaf decoction- for wounds, ulcers, aromatic baths, and internally to promote the flow of milk to induce menstruation, against gastric colic, and against flatulence. Dahon ng sili * ANTI FATIGUE * CRAMPS,ANTI- RHEUMATIC * BOOST IMMUNITY * APHRODISAIC * INCREASES APPETITE * LOWERS BLOOD PRESSURE * LOWERS CHOLESTEROL ETC. Tuba-tuba THE TUBA-TUBA PLANTS CAN HEALING THE TOOTHACHE AND ALSO TO THE STOMACHACHE . Saluyot Jute leaves are used as a remedy for: • Headache • Stomach ache/Ulcer • Arthritis • Urinary bladder problems LAGNOB The lagnob plant has healing OF DISEASES SUCH AS optimistic bone. URAY/KULITIS Among the many benefits, saluyot contains: • Vitamin A, which aids in repairing the body’s cells and improves eyesight. • Vitamin C or ascorbic acid, which improves blood circulation and helps lower the risk of cataracts and other eye disorders • Vitamin E, which slows down the aches and pains associated with aging, holds infertility at bay and increases...
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...Gordon Ramsay’s Sea Bass with Pepper Sauce * Filet of Sea Bass * Bell Pepper – 1 large red and 1 large yellow, or several of both * Shallots – 3 * Star Anise – 3 * White Wine Vinegar – 1 1/2 Tbs * Vermouth – 2 Tbs * Olive Oil * Fresh Thyme Sprig leaves * Salt * Fresh Basil – 1 very large sprig, or two smaller ones * Water Directions for the Sauce: Julienne the bell pepper, do the same with the shallots. Heat olive oil in a hot pan, then add the peppers and shallots, add star anise and a pinch of salt. Stir well and cook for several minutes until the peppers are beginning to soften up. Add the basil whole, and pour in the white wine vinegar and vermouth. Reduce for several minutes over moderate heat until liquid is mostly absorbed. Add enough water to the pan to cover the peppers half way. Bring to a boil and simmer until liquid is about half gone. Carefully add all of the ingredients to a blender and liquify. Be sure to hold the lid on the blender. Many of my readers discovered when making another Chef Ramsay dish which required a blender that it’s helpful to hold the lid on with a dry towel (no burns, no messes). Directions for the Fish: Lay the fish on a cutting board skin side up. Score the fish every half inch along the length of the filet. Add salt and thyme leaves to the inside of each score, then drizzle with olive oil. You can now lovingly hold and caress the filet in your hands if you’re as crazy as Chef Ramsay about food...
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...122 Uses For Coconut Oil - www.DeliciousObsessions.com ww w.D e lici ou sO bse ssi on s.c om 1. Eat a spoonful when you need an energy boost. 2. Use it as the base for a homemade body scrub. 3. Use to condition your wooden cutting boards. 4. Use as a super conditioner on your hair (apply to dry hair, leave in as long as possible and then shampoo as normal). 5. Use as a styling agent if you have really dry hair. Just rub a tiny bit on your palms and apply to your hair and style as normal. 6. Keep a little container in your purse for lip moisturizer. 7. Add a spoonful to your dog or cat’s food. Coconut oil is great for our furry friends! 8. Replace nasty, unhealthy vegetable oils in your kitchen with coconut oil. 9. Make healthy Magic Shell ice cream topping. 10. Use it for oil pulling. 11. Use a tiny dab on your underarms for a natural deodorant. 12. Use coconut oil instead of shaving cream. 13. Add to your bath tub for a moisturizing soak (a couple drops of peppermint oil is wonderful!). 14. Use as a makeup remover. 15. Use it to help sooth chicken pox, shingles, or other rashes or skin irritations. 16. Use it to treat athlete’s food, ringworm, or other fungal or yeast infections. 17. Take a spoonful with your vitamins to help improve absorption. 18. Spread a thin layer on cuts or burns to speed up healing. 19. Take up to 5 spoonfuls per day for improved thyroid function. 20. Add a spoonful to your smoothies for extra nutrition and flavor. 21. Use on the delicate tissue...
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...All-Purpose Flour "Maida" in Urdu - is a finely ground white wheat flour containing a moderate amount of protein; used for a wide variety of general baking and cooking. Allspice "Garam Masala" in Urdu - is a combination of rich and bitter whole spices that are dry roasted and then powdered. Some garam masalas can have up to 33 ingredients but the most common are bay leaves, cinnamon, cloves, green cardamoms and coriander seeds. Almond "Baadaam" in Urdu - An oval-shaped edible seed of the almond tree. Amaranth Leaves "Cholai" in Urdu - also known as "Chinese Spinach", are edible tender leaves and stems, rich in vitamins A and C, protein, folic acid, calcium and iron, and are considered as vegetable and are cooked like spinach. Aniseeds "Sounf" in Urdu - A liquorice-like seed that is used as a digestive. Similar to fennel seeds but not used as widely in cooking as in after dinner mints. Apricot "Khubaani" or "Jardalu" in Urdu - A yellow-orange fruit harvested from small trees. The fruit resembles a smaller version of a peach. It can be eaten whole with the pit removed, processed into juice or preserves. Apricots can be preserved through drying. Apricot "Khubaani" or "Jardalu" in Urdu - A yellow-orange fruit harvested from small trees. The fruit resembles a smaller version of a peach. It can be eaten whole with the pit removed, processed into juice or preserves. Apricots can be preserved through drying. Apple "Saib" in...
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...Cucurbita maxima Spinach Spinacia oleracea Sweet potato Ipomoea batatas Tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Watermelon Citrullus lanatus ~ andi fayian 28 ~Apple - MalusBlue Bindweed - Solanum dulcamara * Bird's Nest - Daucus carota * Bird's Nest Plant - Daucus carota * Birch - Betula spp. * Black Birch - Betula lenta, Betula nigra * Bolean Birch - Betula papyrifera * Canoe Birch - Betula papyrifera * Cherry Birch - Betula lenta * European Weeping Birch - Betula pendula * European White Birch - Betula pendula * Gray Birch - Betula alleghaniensis * Mahogany Birch - Betula lenta * Paper Birch - Betula papyrifera * Red Birch - Betula nigra * River Birch - Betula nigra, Betula lenta * Silver Birch - Betula papyrifera * Spice Birch - Betula lenta * Sweet Birch - Betula lenta * Water Birch - Betula nigra * Weeping Birch - Betula pendula * White Birch - Betula papyrifera, Betula pendula * Yellow Birch - Betula alleghaniensis * Bittercress - Barbarea vulgaris, Cardamine bulbosa, Cardamine hirsuta * Hairy Bittercress - Cardamine hirsuta * Bittersweet - Solanum dulcamara * Trailing Bittersweet - Solanum dulcamara * Bitterweed - Any plant in the Ambrosia genus, specially Ambrosia artemisiifolia; Artemisia trifida; Helenium amarum * Blackberry - Rubus spp., Rubus pensilvanicus, Rubus occidentalis * Hispid Swamp Blackberry - Rubus hispidus *...
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...Rice chapatis and garlic-tomato chutney Knead the flour with one cup rice flour and one and a half cup wheat flour and make into regular rotis. Smear some melted ghee while serving. Grind together one tomato, a bunch or coriander leaves, a handful of soaked almonds, one green chilly and six garlic cloves. Add some rock salt and a tablespoon of mustard oil. Serve with rice chapatis. Instant uttapam with green coconut chutney Take one cup of semolina. Add curd to make a thick batter of pouring consistency. Add one tsp ginger garlic paste, salt to taste, chopped green chillies, finely chopped onions, finely chopped tomatoes, chopped coriander leaves and any other veggie of your choice. Sprinkle a pinch of fruit salt and leave covered for 10 minutes. Drizzle some oil in a tawa and make uttapams. Serve hot. Grate or chop coconut. Add some roasted peanuts, 5-6 cloves of garlic, a sprig of coriander leaves, one green chilly and salt to taste. Grind with some water into a fine paste. Temper with mustard seeds and curry leaves. Wholesome omelette with cheese and oragano Whisk 2 eggs with some salt. Add 2 tsp roasted oats, 1 tsp semolina. Now mix in chopped onions, ginger, green chillies, coriander leaves, tomato, black pepper and some oregano. Mix well till fluffy. Now drizzle some olive oil in a pan and make into omelettes. Add grated mozzarella, fold and cook for 2 minutes. Serve hot with any bread. Easy Biryani Heat oil in a pan. Add whole cardamom, cinnamon and...
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...that of other categories of drugs in which there are a myriad of ways to take and/or abuse the drug. If one were to consider the fact that some of the most powerful substances of abuse are extracted from plants, such as cocaine (Erythroxylum coca), marijuana (Cannabis sativa), peyote (Lophophora williamsii), and tobacco (Nicotina tabacum), then one’s view of the previous statement may be somewhat altered (Hanson, 2012). However, as the book mentions, these substances are mentioned elsewhere in the book in the contexts of other drug categories, and need not be mentioned in broad detail in this context. Excluding the various means of administrations of drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, and other drugs that can be extracted from plants (such as snorting, smoking, injecting, etc.), the majority of the drugs that will be discussed here are administered orally, applied to the skin, and in some cases, inhaled. To provide a few examples; herbs such as acai, cinnamon, cranberry, garlic, ginger, ginseng, licorice root, and soy are all substances that fall under this category and are commonly used to make teas, juices, extracts, and, in some cases, in preparation for external use. Examples of external use in herbal drugs stem from the use of aloe vera as topical ointment, the Echinacea plant (which can treat upper respiratory tract infections such as the common cold), peppermint oil which can be applied to the skin to counteract heartburn, and sage, which is available as dried leaves, liquid...
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...RECIPE: Braised Meatballs The key to making these meatballs is to brown them first in a skillet and then braise them in a sauce of red wine and tomatoes. Serve them with crusty bread or spaghetti to sop up the sauce. SERVES 4 to 6 INGREDIENTS 10 oz. ground beef chuck or veal 10 oz. ground pork shoulder 2 oz. minced pork fat or unsmoked bacon 2 oz. prosciutto, minced 1 ¼ cups loosely packed flat-leaf parsley leaves, minced, plus more for garnish 2 tsp. dried oregano 1 ½ tsp. fennel seeds 1 tsp. crushed red chile flakes ½ tsp. ground cumin ¼ tsp. ground allspice 7 slices white bread, finely ground in a food processor Kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper, to taste ⅔ cup ricotta, drained in a strainer for 2 hours 2 tbsp. milk 3 eggs, lightly beaten 6 tbsp. extra-virgin olive oil, plus more for greasing ¼ cup dry red wine 4 cups canned tomato purée 1 cup beef or veal stock or water Grated parmesan, for garnish RELATED: See A Dozen Classic Cookie Recipes » INSTRUCTIONS 1. In a large bowl, combine beef, pork, pork fat, prosciutto, parsley, oregano, fennel seeds, chile flakes, cumin, allspice, and bread crumbs and season generously with salt and pepper. Using your fingers, mix ingredients until combined; set aside. In a medium bowl, whisk together ricotta, milk, and eggs; add to meat mixture and gently mix until incorporated. Chill for 1 hour. 2. Heat oven to 300°. Grease 2 rimmed baking sheets with oil and set aside...
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