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Medsurg I Study Guide

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Submitted By sam6894tan
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Final exam study guide:
Cancer:
Know the difference between Benign and Malignant tumors.
Classification of tumors
Benign neoplasm
Well differentiated
Usually encapsulated
Kidneys have their own capsule so is easier to catch
Expansive mode of growth
Characteristics similar to parent cell
Metastasis is absent.
Rarely recur
Classification of tumors
Malignant neoplasm
May range from well differentiated to undifferentiated
Able to metastasize
Infiltrative and expansive growth
Frequent recurrence
Moderate to marked vascularity
Rarely encapsulated
Becomes less like parent cell
Check Moles and Freckles
Shows differentiation
Hair growing = blood supply = no differentiation = CANCER * Know the warning signs/clinical manifestations of cancer. * CAUTION: * Change in bowel or bladder habits * A sore that does not heal * Unusual bleeding or discharge from any body orifice * Thickening or a lump in the breast or elsewhere * Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing * Obvious change in a wart or mole * Nagging cough or hoarseness

Know the different staging, grading and classifications of cancer.

Clinical staging classifications * 0: Cancer in situ * 1: Tumor limited to tissue of origin; localized tumor growth * 2: Limited local spread * 3: Extensive local and regional spread * 4: Metastasis * 0 – enclosed extremely localzed * 1 – only in tissue of origin * 2 – speads in organ * 3 – spreads to region * 4 – body spread * TNM Classification of Cancer * Primary Tumor (T) * T0 * No evidence * Tis * Carcinoma in situ * T1-4 * Ascending degree of ↑ tumor size and involvement * Tx * Tumor cannot be measured or found *

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