...Cognitive enhancers are drugs and supplements that have the ability to improve the “mental performance” of an individual in three main cognitive domains: memory, attention and creativity. At their most basic meaning, memory can be defined as the ability to recall events or learned material; attention, to focus in something while ignoring distracters; and creativity, to conceive original and useful ideas or products (Lanni et al., 2008). There are other types of cognitive enhancers, such as electrical brain stimulation and psychotropic drugs, which will not be discussed in this paper. Many of the medications used by healthy individuals to enhance cognitive abilities were designed for other purposes, specially treating some traits of mental illnesses....
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...It’s possible technology would change society for the better, organ replacements, slowing down aging, and genetic engineering that removes health threats towards humans. Then there's the possibility our creations will backfire. In any scenario there will be pros and there will be cons. In Frankenstein, Victor tampered with nature. While trying to play god Victor gave life to the monster, this creature ended up killing or taking some part in killing everyone that Victor cared for. Even though there could be cures to diseases and drugs to make humans smarter, people don’t take the necessary precautions to see the negatives aspects that new technology could have on one's life. People are too clouded by the...
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...|[pic] |Syllabus | | |College of Social Science | | |PSY/300 Version 5 | | |General Psychology | | |Group MU13BSP04 | | |8/6/13-9/3/13 | | |Louis Battistone M.A., LMFT, RAS | | |909-239-2496 | Copyright © 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2006 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description General Psychology is a survey course which introduces the student to the major topics in scientific psychology as applied to human behavior. Applications of these principles will...
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...NOMFET (nanoparticle organic memory field effective transistor) can be created by reacting gold nanoparticles with organic molecules. 3. Nanoemmissive display panel which are light weight can be formed by using carbon nanotubes to direct electronics to illuminate pixels. 4. The nanowires can be effectively used to build transistors without having any p-n junctions. 5. Nano scale integrated circuits can be established by the application of self-aligning nanostructures 6. Silver nanoparticle ink can be effectively utilized to form the conductive lines which are part of circuit boards. 7. Nanoscale magnets are used in developing a lesser power, higher density method which is called magnetoelectric random access memory. Application in Agriculture: Applications in the field of agriculture are being under research and a lot of testing is being done globally. The application is targeted at the entire spectrum of food technology from agriculture, food processing, and food packaging and food supplements. In order to address the huge demand to the food supply and the global changes such as growth in population, various climatically change a lot of technical advancement and technical innovations are needed in the field of agriculture. Main aims of using nanotechnology in agriculture...
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...(ADHD). Although the drug is intended to help students and adults complete daily tasks, it has been recently been discovered to enhance physical performance during exercise. Although there is a lot more room for research, fatigue is the main physical aspect that Adderall is used to combat. Scientists are still running tests to learn more about the effects of Adderall on different aspects of the body. The purpose of the drug is to release dopamine because ADD/ADHD is caused from a lack of dopamine. Adderall also affects multiple body systems such as the digestive system, central nervous system, and circulatory system. The development of Adderall has caused professional sports leagues to set guidelines in the use of the drug during competition and training. Research is still developing around the full affect of Adderall during exercise but there is strong evidence to prove the enhancement of performance. Adderall is a common stimulant that when used properly treats ADHD/ADD in adults and children. The neurobehavioral disorder is more common in the youth, affecting between 3%-7% of school-aged children. ADD/ADHD can result in delayed learning ability, compromised academic success, and suspended maturation if not treated. Adderall is an amphetamine and dextroamphetamine salts, which stimulate the central nervous system in aim to reinstate balance of neurotransmitters in the brain. The medication is a controlled substance because it is classified as a schedule II drug by the DEA. Adderall...
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...improvements Human enhancement is becoming more and more prominent otherwise are we heading to a bionic society an if so what are the two sides of such Cure illness should be the goal of medical evolution but there is a new tendency that is there to enhance normality. The ongoing evolution occurring in prosthetics and bionic devices is just amazing What might our descendants look like could be totally different from the known human image we’ve had till today eyer has become something of a poster boy for "transhumanism". Encompassing everything from robotic limbs to memory-enhancing neural implants to gene therapies that slow ageing, transhumanism (or posthumanism) concerns the technologies and drugs that are rapidly altering the limits of human performance, as well as notions about what we might look like in future organ transplants to replace malfunctioning livers and kidneys, or vaccines to boost the immune system, command wide social acceptance, At the moment, bionic hands are poor substitutes for the real thing – they can grasp and manipulate objects, but cannot feel. But what if in the future we could make bionic hands with a sense of touch that were also capable of enhanced performance? "What's crucial about these technologies is they don't just repair us, they make us better than well," says Andy Miah, director of the Creative Futures Institute and professor of ethics and emerging technologies at the University of the West of Scotland. "The human enhancement...
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...Syllabus College of Social Science PSY/300 Version 5 General Psychology Copyright © 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2006 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description General Psychology is a survey course which introduces the student to the major topics in scientific psychology as applied to human behavior. Applications of these principles will be made to the human experience. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Kowalski, R., & Westen, D. (2011). Psychology (6th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. All electronic materials are available on the student website. Week One: The Science of Psychology Details Due Points Objectives 1.1 Examine the major underlying assumptions of the various schools of thought in psychology. 1.2 Explain how psychological research applies to various aspects of personal and social life. 1.3 Determine what guidelines should be applied...
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...for pharmacological interventions. Pharmacological treatment is difficult by the fact that PTSD is often associated with other disorders such as depression, alcoholism , and substance abuse . It is also associated with marital ,occupational , financial and other health problems. Research suggests that SSRIs are the first line of treatment for this disorder . There have been a majority of empirical studies with SSRIs ,and although a variety of SSRIs are used ,only Zoloft and Paxil have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of PTSD . PTSD was first brought to public attention in relation to war veterans ,but it can result from other traumatic events such as rape , torture ,kidnapping , held captive , car accidents , or even natural disasters such as torandoes , earthquakes ,or floods . There are many causes of PTSD ,but scientists are focusing on genes that play a role in creating fear memories . Understanding how fear memories are created may help or find new interventions for reducing the anxiety ,tension or avoidance symptoms of PTSD. Outline of Major Points I. What is PTSD A. DSM criteria B. Symptom clusters and associated symptoms C. Systems of the body involved in PTSD II. Treatment A. Basic information about treatment B. Issues with pharmacological treatment C. Problems with research studies III. Medications used to treat PTSD...
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...definition is by observing the results of thinking as expressed in human communication” (Kirby & Goodpaster, 2007). Therefore, we can define thinking as the activity of the brain that can potentially be communicated, and expressed in speaking and writing. However, there are multiple outlets of communications, for instance: * Language * Images * Art * Scientific formulas * Mathematics Even though most of these communication forms are effective in their own way, the primary human communication is language. Speaking, writing, and reading is the human form of communicating with one another. Memory An important part of the human thought process, however, is memory. Without memory human cannot think. “The memory is the basis of our thinking” (Melinda Smith & Robinson, 2014). Some factors that influence our memory negatively are: * Drugs * Sleep patterns * Aging * Disease In order to enhance this brain power, one has to exercise the brain like the body is exercised. Also, sleep is critical to human learning...
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...Drug use in the United States is a growing problem. It is important for businesses to have an understanding of the types of drugs that are available. This guide will give an overview of stimulants, depressants, opiates, hallucinogens, and cannabis. Stimulants Meth is a highly addictive stimulant that can cause severe damage to the body and brain. Meth has many street names, such as, ice, crank, crystal, glass, and speed. Most of these names are derived from the way it looks. It appears as crystals. Meth can be taken by snorting, smoking, injecting, or by dissolving it in water or alcohol. According to "National Institute on Drug Abuse" (2010), “Methamphetamine’s ability to release dopamine rapidly in reward regions of the brain produces the intense euphoria, or “rush,” that many users feel after snorting, smoking, or injecting the drug.” This aids to the addiction process. For those that chronically abuse methamphetamines, their brain will undergo changes in the way it functions. These changes include both cognitive, emotional and memory issues. The side effects associated with taking meth include increased wakefulness, increased physical activity, decreased appetite, increased respiration, rapid heart rate, irregular heartbeat, increased blood pressure, and hyperthermia ("National Institute on Drug Abuse", 2010). Long term meth use can lead to extreme weight loss, severe dental problems (“meth mouth”), anxiety, confusion, insomnia, mood disturbances...
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...Explain how the use of substances alters a person’s state of consciousness, including Depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens. Include in this explanation what happens to the neurotransmitters and body chemicals as well as how you might recognize if a person at work or in your family is in an altered state of consciousness due to the influence of drugs. A person’s state of consciousness depends on several factors involving external and internal ones. Intake of substances like depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens may influence this state through transforming the chemistry of brain cells. In fact, these materials may breach the blood-brain barrier and could get access up to the brain where usual levels and or actions of neurotransmitters (such as dopamine and serotonin) might get altered by them. Such alterations in neurotransmitters may cause momentary stimulation, or relaxation which can influence the performance of body for example; reduced levels of dopamine may create depression while, excessive levels of it can lead towards psychomotor excitement. In addition to these two main components of the mind, Freudian theory also divides human personality up into three major components: the id, ego and superego. The id is the most primitive part of personality that is the source of all our most basic urges. This part of personality is entirely unconscious and serves as the source of all libidinal energy. The ego is the component of personality that is charged with dealing...
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...The rapid development of technology has tremendous effects on changing the life of us, and possibly some of our children. Thanks to the immense progress of bio-techniques, creating a new individual with enhancement of selected traits has been partially realized on animals. For instance, some geneticists have introduced an additional gene NR2B into mouse genomes. Consequently, these genetic-modified mice learned things significantly faster from the environment and retained knowledge longer than other mice (Saenz, 2009). More importantly, some experts claim that similar technologies are within reach of creating designer babies in decades (Tokar, 2001). The term of “Designer Baby” is defined as the genetic modification of embryos in order to artificially...
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...Psychoactive Drugs And Their Effects Abstract This paper discusses three different psychoactive drugs, one from each classification, and their general psychological and physical effects. Cocaine, a stimulant, Cannabis, a hallucinogen and Oxycodone, a depressant will be covered. Positive, neutral and adverse effects will be discussed as well as long-term use and withdrawal symptoms. Cannabis has a section regarding its medicinal use in society. Cocaine is a naturally derived central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and topical anesthetic that is extracted and refined from the Erythroxylum coca plant, which is grown primarily in the Andean region of South America. Coca leaf chewing has been around for thousands of years. The drug was first isolated in the 1850’s and had medicinal use through the late 19th century. Recreational use became a problem in the early 20th century and became illegal is the United States in 1914. The chemical name for cocaine is benzoylmethyl ecgonine; it is a bitter, white, odorless crystalline drug. Cocaine has multiple methods of ingestion; it can be insufflated, taken orally or intravenously. It can be smoked to some degree, but tends to burn rather than vaporize because of the high temperature required. Freebase cocaine vaporizes at smoking temperatures and creates a more intense high whilst using less product. Street terminology consists of coke, snow, nose candy, white, blow and soft, among others. Freebase is known as crack, rock and hard...
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...Dreaming is a fascinating and mysterious study field that has been invigorated by the advancement in brain science in the recent few decades. As the leading psychiatrist who thrives in developing the new dream theory on extensive base of brain science, Allan J. Hobson comes to public attention with his Activation-Synthesis hypothesis. He claims to take up what Sigmund Freud, historically the best known dream investigator, has left off in the brain side of dreaming and, further, to revise this far-reaching dream speculation of Freud’s into a more scientifically valid way. However, as the psychological approach to dreams has been preoccupied with Freud’s dream theory in such an extent that the marching on neurophysiological hypothesis has inevitably brought up an uncomfortable disturbance among psychoanalysts. Dating back to twentieth century, Freud reached to the field of mental functioning based on his clinical observations of dream cases. As his censorship-disguise notion becomes outmoded along with the advancement in brain science, the contemporary Freudian psychologist, Mark Solms comes to the rescue. He tries to validate the theoretical inference that Freud has sketched with the newly released experimental data, drawing mainly from brain imaging and lesion study. In spite of the ongoing attempt to bring psychoanalysis back to its prominent role in dream study, Hobson stresses the fact that no amount of tinkering is going to improve the erroneous Freudian psychoanalysis. Formative...
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...aspects of our personalities such as intelligence, sexual orientation, susceptibility to aggression and other antisocial conduct, and tendencies towards extraversion and novelty-seeking. 2.0 WHAT IS BEHAVIORAL GENETICS? Research in the field of behavioral genetics aims to find out how genes influence our behavior. Researchers are trying to identify particular genes, or groups of genes, that are associated with behavioral traits, and investigating the role of environmental factors. There are several reasons why it is so difficult to find which genes have an effect on behavioral traits: more than one gene may contribute to a trait, with many genes each having a small effect; a gene may affect more than one trait (for example in mice, memory and sensitivity to pain have been found to be linked); the action of a gene depends on the presence of other genes; environmental factors may contribute to a trait; genes and the environment interact together in different ways; and genes do not have a continuous effect throughout our bodies or for all of our lives. It is unlikely that variation in just one gene contributes to a behavioral trait. The term a ‘gene for X’ is very misleading and does not convey the complexity of genetic factors. Nor should we overestimate the predictive power of genes. The effects of genes are not inevitable. Genes, like environmental factors, probably just make a behavior...
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