Introduction 3
Population of Mentally Ill Inmates in the Correctional Facilities 3
Mentally ill inmates: The Cost 4
The Treatment of Mentally Ill Inmates 6
Selection Process for Mentally Ill Inmates 7
Isolation and Restraints 9
Conclusion 11
References 12

Introduction
When a person thinks about a correction facility many only think that there is only regular criminals that are perfectly well, but what they neglect to know is that it is also housed with mentally ill inmates as well. Many of the people has been brained washed by media and movies that prisoners are to be normal criminals who have done things wrong in which has lead into a correction facility but what the fail to publicize is that they are also house by people who are not mentally stable, and who may receive different treatment from regular inmates. Correctional facilities have many types of inmates and undergo various dilemmas therefore they must try to deal with the cost of the inmates, provide different treatment and must undergo special screening in order to determine if they are ill or not.
Population of Mentally Ill Inmates in the Correctional Facilities
The country that has the greatest rate of adult imprisonment is the United States; it has 2.2 million presently in the correctional facilities (Annaceri, 2007). Individuals with psychological problems have been progressively more imprisoned within the last three decades, most likely the consequence of the deinstitutionalization of the state psychological system (Annaceri, 2007). Correctional institutions have developed into the in effect state hospice, and they are much dangerously and indefatigably psychologically ill in jail instead of a regular state hospice (Annaceri, 2007).
An efficient analysis of “ 62 assessment of the imprisoned populace from 12 Western countries 3 found that, amongst men, 3.7 percent had psychotic problems, 10 percent had serious depression, and 65 percent a behavior disorder, including 47 percent with unsociable behavior disorder. Amongst women, 4 percent had psychosis, 12 percent had serious depression, and 42 percent a behavior disorder (Annaceri, 2007).” Additionally, a considerable number of inmates suffer from anxiety disorders, which include post-traumatic stress disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, such as psychological retardation (Annaceri, 2007). Many of these prisoners were underprivileged and not well-educated. In 2006 the U.S. Department of Justice conducted a study and establish that more than half of all correctional facilities’ prisoners have a psychological dilemma weighed against that 11 percent of the common inhabitants, but it was found that one out of three convicts will obtain some type of psychological help (Annaceri, 2007).
Mentally ill inmates: The Cost
The correctional facilities provide their own employees and clinics that are certifying to provide medical care to the convicts. Do to the escalating health, staff expenses, it causes to be deficient in having competent health care experts to be employed in penitentiaries, not having a visionary correctional leadership, and rising legal action, increasingly states have private psychological and medical treatment (Hills, Ickowitz & Siegfried, 2004). Approximately 25 states and many inner-city detention centers have agreements with private companies to obtain health treatments. Presently, some states for example, Connecticut, Oklahoma and Texas they obtain their health services by using medical schools entirely. Other help array from undersized personal companies for psychological treatments with a variety of contracts for employees and services to assist with private correctional health corporations as long as mutually medical and mental health care (Hills, Ickowitz & Siegfried, 2004).
The medication expenses are a considerable factor to the general mental treatment costs in corrections, and normally it has elevated approximately 15 to 20 percent yearly. Consequently, prescription drugs frequently grow to be the objective of belligerent cost decrease by private health care providers. A frequently utilized approach to manage expenditure is to institute a controlled list of elder age group psychotropic’s and basic agents that are a lesser amount of cost and persist the psychiatrist to order medicine from a restricted list (Prins & Draper, 2009). Control and cost inhibition measures are interceded by means of a coexisting non formulary evaluation of the course in which takes time away for the psychiatrist. The assessor that is in employment is placed in a position in which they have to administer the psychopharmacologic practice steady with conventional principles while having to manage expenses to compose a revenue, even at the expenditure of eminence of care (Prins & Draper, 2009).
Modern drugs progress the eminence of existence of criminals. The most important thing is that they aid to diminish largely health expenses by plummeting enduring hospitalization, urgent situation admittance to psychiatric and circuitous expenses linked with transport of criminals to DMH facilities. (Prins & Draper, 2009). According to a recent study on drug costs: it is known that prescribed drugs are expenditure as a portion of health care expenses in the U.S., comparing it to a hospital and physician treatment: 32 v. 22% correspondingly, being that pharmaceuticals to contain health treatment charge is doubtful as a momentous reduction method and possibly will outlay the health system dollars if it allows restrictive admittance. The incongruity to facilitate cost cutback actions can be capable to raise the expense of care perhaps accurate of the correctional organization too. (Prins & Draper, 2009).
The Treatment of Mentally Ill Inmates
Treatment dilemma and troubles is a consequence do to the escalating frequency of the acutely and indefatigably psychologically ill in a penal complex are outstandingly considerable, the condition of an emergent keen care psychiatric housing in corrections by state finances to correctional facilities from the mental health department. Several correctional facilities have decided with state division of psychological health for giving sharp care (LasKlugiewiczt, 2011) This method generates everyday expenditure related with the convey of criminals from coming and going and security apprehension, as well as interdepartmental inconsistency and contact tribulations intrinsic in the differentiation among managing criminals and managing patients (Faiver, 1998).
Inconsistency usually entail admittance criterion, stage and category of treatment, formulary distinctions, and restrictions of any method can and cannot do concerning accommodating and subsidiary rehabilitation and ability to see any medical records. In addition, divergence might also take place in the part of managing behavior breaches when the convict proceeds back into jail (Faiver, 1998). The compensation of psychiatric care division in detention centers incorporates generating a therapeutic environment dependable as correction method of a mission; secure and appropriate performance of specific cures, for instance an obligated administration of any medication without the consent of the prisoners such as Washington v. Harper criterion for the grimly disabled criminal who is uncooperative; and proper implementation of therapeutic restraints and isolation (LasKlugiewiczt, 2011)
Suicide is foremost cause of fatality in United States and centralized prisons, surpassing only by AIDS and natural causes. Complete suicide deterrence curriculums in corrections are escalating significance to professionals in mental health, correctional administrators, and others as it is a search for to revitalize criminals and keep away from lawsuits that frequently take place from convict suicides (Prins & Draper, 2009).
An inclusive analysis of national and international research visibly show that “Convict suicide occur from a multifaceted collection of consistent and self-reinforcing risk factors. These danger issues include psychological illness, substance misuse, prior serious suicide attempts; chronic stresses of incarceration. As for acute psychosocial stressors it includes parole delay, death of someone who is important to them, rape and personnel inaccuracy or omission (Prins & Draper, 2009). “ Ground-breaking and complete help programs in correctional facilities, a few with modern leisure activity procedures for psychologically ill criminals and prisoner community reentry plans, are needed to be followed to avoid a soaring rate of relapse and the existence of illness or disease of prisoners and to assist their modification into society. (Prins & Draper, 2009).
Selection Process for Mentally Ill Inmates
The growing figures of criminals with considerable psychological illness and substance abuse disorders that go into correctional facilities have made it crucial for correctional administrator to develop guiding principle and measures that will categorize and treat the individuals. Applying effectual test and assessment practices facilitates maintaining the finest stage of security and protection for workers, inmates, and the community. Moreover, implementing nationwide selection and review procedures diminishes the danger of lawful action against the correctional facility. The procedure of distinguishing and assessing these inmates are done with the national standards and guidelines, which are shown below. These procedures summarize and consist of information on arrangement, employees, and follow-up. Criminals that are incoming to the prison system are to be tested for psychological health and substance abuse for clinical and legal grounds (Hills, Ickowitz & Siegfried, 2004). Selection and evaluation for psychological illness:
• recognize persons at danger for injuring themselves and others.
• establish if the prisoner is able of carrying out normally in the correctional facility.
• verify if the prisoner ought to be relocated to the psychological department.
• conclude if the prisoner can be helped with the treatment that the prison provides.
(Hills, Ickowitz & Siegfried, 2004).
The majority of correctional facilities authorities recognize the knowledge and lawful requirement of selecting and evaluating convicts for psychological problems. To determine if they are mentally ill inmates is still very challenging. The correctional staff, occasionally with imperfect guidance, has to differentiate between prisoners who are showing signs of a severe psychological illness from individuals that are indolent or in result of an adjustment disorders. An obscuring aspect is that a numerous number of people that do have a mental illness do not admit that they have it or they just do want anyone to know (Hills, Ickowitz & Siegfried, 2004)..
An inmate’s apparent expression of peculiar thoughts or actions or any type of miss behavior will place them under suicide watch, and will be giving medication or be placed on lock down. Additionally, inmates often take advantage of other peers’ weaknesses. The consequences of that is that convicts might not to report their problems, and significant time could go by prior to a convict’s psychological problems is revealed and identified. Alongside with preliminary testing, enduring techniques are required to recognize developing psychological health problems within the convict population. A few convicts do not have any prior psychological condition but as soon as they go into the correctional facilities the problems may develop (Faiver, 1998).
The quicker these troubles can be recognized and treated, the faster these inmates can amend and handle with their surroundings. As a result, it is imperative that all correctional officers be taught to identify symptoms of mental illness. A prisoner with psychological problems are more visible and causes troubles quicker than regular inmates because they just want the attention and for those that are quiet or depressed are much harder to distinguish. In which it makes it harder for correctional officers to notice if they do have any problems. Counselor and nursing employees usually should be careful of all the inmate population as well to observe those who have psychological problems (Faiver, 1998).
Isolation and Restraints
It is very difficult to find secure, humanitarian, and disciplinary techniques in order to manage convicts who are having any symptoms of psychological problems are an unending test for correctional employees. The temperament of severe psychological illness may generate foremost troubles for running the actions of these convicts. Various warning sign of severe psychological problems might have consequence in inmates’ in which they violate the prisons regulations. Prison employees must toil to sustain regulation in their correctional facilities other than working to evade punishing inmates with psychological problems for misconducts that caused by their illness. Convicts with psychological disorders which do not understand the regulations or are incapable to manage their actions frequently find themselves into problem and are discipline yet when they have moderate accountability, conception, or self-control (Hills, Ickowitz & Siegfried, 2004).
The American Psychiatric Association has articulated distress that convict that have complexity of understanding the prisons regulation do to their mental illness in which will results into segregation rooms in correction facility with not enough psychological services (APA, 2000).This apprehension is delicate when it comes to maximum secure facilities, in results that prisoners could waste time in separation in the rooms. Solitary confinement can cause tremendous amounts of anxiety for a psychologically ill being and be able to endorse and intensify their sickness (Faiver, 1998).
Both isolation and motorized things that are used in certain situations are to protect psychologically ill prisoners from doing harm to themselves and others. Since of the soaring of possible mishandling of these equipment for example to control or penalize an convict instead of a therapeutic intervention, to be more precise the articulated policies and measures ought to be placed to only allow the use of the equipment and what circumstances they can be used. When the restraints are utilized for therapeutic interventions by the staff, there are certain requirements that are needed to be followed such as:
• The facility need to have written rules and regulations.
• Allowed to use soft restraints.
• A medical doctor or health provider is allowed by law to request restraints or seclusion.
• Health employees are allowed to use restraints or seclusion of a method a treatment and not for penalizing or detention motive.
• The use of restraints or seclusion can only be used for less than 12 hours.
• Criminals in restraints or seclusion are required to be checked by the corresponding officer for every 15 minutes.
(Hills, Ickowitz & Siegfried, 2004)
Conclusion
After all the research that has been collected and analyze it is found that there are many mentally ill inmates in the correctional facilities. There are very important issues with these inmates such as not having funding to provide the medications required and not having enough staff that are trained to take care of these inmates. They have problems also with taking advantage with the restraints because many of the employees take punishment into their own hands and do not follow the rules at all. I think that from everything that I have read and written I think that issues that arise now should taken into more consideration and seriously because it is important to keep these inmates safe and secure form other inmates because they can be taken advantage of.

References
American Psychiatric Association (2000). Psychiatric services in jails and prisons, Second Edition.Washington,DC: American Psychiatric Press.
Annaceri, D. (2007, December). Journal of the american academy of psychiatry and the law online. Retrieved from http://www.jaapl.org/content/35/4/406.full
Faiver, K.L. (Ed.) (1998). Health care management issues in corrections. Lanham, MD:American Correctional Association.
Hills, H., Ickowitz, A., & Siegfried, C. (2004). Retrieved from National Institute of Corrections website: http://static.nicic.gov/Library/018604.pdf
LasKlugiewiczt, G. (2011, October 24). Responding to mentally ill inmates. Retrieved from http://www.correctionsone.com/correctional-psychology/articles/4540353-Responding-to-mentally-ill-inmates/
Prins, J., & Draper, L. (2009). Improving outcomes for people with mental illness under community correction supervision. New York: MacArthur. Retrieved from http://static.nicic.gov/Library/023634.pdf