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Mercantile Law Assignment

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Universidad Interamericana de Puerto Rico
Recinto Metropolitano
Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas
Programa Trimestral en Español

Derecho Mercantil (BADM 3313)

Asignación #3

Nombre Orlando D. Díaz Rivera Núm. de Estudiante: M00316888

I. Preguntas sobre el caso Rita Colón v. Carlos Martínez, Inc. (8 puntos)

1. Mencione quién o quiénes son los demandados en este caso.

Carlos Martínez, Inc., Tiendas Donato inc., Nevitts Import Corp., Conrado Valdez Balsindes, La Esquina Famosa Inc., Tiendas Arias inc.

2. Mencione quién o quiénes son los recurrentes en este caso.

Rita Colon.

3. Para propósitos de la Ley de Marcas de Fábrica de P.R., qué significa “marca de fábrica”

Todo signo o medio que sirva para distinguir los productos de una persona de los de otra persona.

De acuerdo con el caso, La ley de Marcas de Fabrica de P.R. se le conoce como la manera mediante la cual se distingue en el mercado un producto de otro.

(Ref: http://www.popjuris.com/biblioteca/ley-de-marcas-del- estado-libre-asociado-de-puerto-rico/)

4. Quién registró a su favor la marca de fábrica “Barong”

La demandante recurrente registró a su favor la marca de fábrica 'Barong' el 5 de julio de 1978, aplicable a camisas, guayaberas, chaquetas o chaquetones, trajes y pantalones.

5. Cuál es la controversia planteada ante el Tribunal Supremo de P.R. en este caso. (2 puntos)

¿Qué es, a fin de cuentas, una marca de fábrica? ¿Por qué aplicar una regla distinta cuando nos enfrentamos a palabras extranjeras?

6. Qué argumentos utilizó el tribunal supremo para identificar cuando un vocablo genérico se convierte en marca de fábrica. (2 puntos)

En El Tribunal Supremo De Puerto Rico. Sentencia de Ramón Negrón Soto, J. (San Juan), declara sin lugar una demanda para proteger una marca de fábrica registrada en el Departamento de Estado. Revocada. Se revocará la sentencia recurrida y se devolverá el caso a instancia para procedimientos ulteriores compatibles con esta opinión. Solo quedó por otro lado dudas sobre el hecho de quién utilizó primero en el comercio puertorriqueño el término 'barong'.

II. Preguntas sobre el caso Ossorio Ruiz v. Srio. Vivienda (13 puntos)

1. Mencione quién o quiénes son los demandantes en este caso.

Víctor Ossorio Ruiz

2. Mencione quién o quiénes son los demandados en este caso.

José H. Grau, Secretario de la Vivienda, Corporación de Renovación Urbana y Vivienda

3. De que se trata este caso.

El gobierno intentó “modificar” unos murales de la autoría de Osorio, quien recurrió a los tribunales para un interdicto.

4. Cuál es la controversia planteada ante el Tribunal Supremo de P.R. en este caso. (2 puntos)

El tribunal determinó que, como el campo no está completamente ocupado por la ley federal, existen remedios existentes: los derechos morales. Bajo los derechos morales, los murales de Osorio estaban protegidos ante mutilación, alteración indebida o destrución, por lo cual la acción del gobierno no proseguía.

5. Según la Ley Española que comprende la “propiedad intelectual”.

Según la ley española de 1879, la propiedad intelectual comprende las obras científicas, literarias y artísticas que pueden darse a la luz por cualquier medio. En el derecho civil se le reconoce particular preeminencia al derecho moral de un artista a que se respete el producto de su actividad creadora.

6. Qué representa el derecho de propiedad intelectual.

El autor conserva el derecho de reivindicar la paternidad de la obra, así como el derecho a oponerse a toda deformación, mutilación u otra modificación de dicha obra, que fuere perjudicial a su honor o a su reputación. Incluye derechos del autor, derechos conexos, los derechos patrimoniales, derechos morales. La doctrina del derecho moral comprende en su ámbito, entre otras facultades, 'el derecho de defensa de la integridad de la obra, que en su aspecto positivo le autoriza para modificarla, y en el negativo para impedir que sea alterada o deformada por los demás.

7. Con qué nace el derecho moral.

El derecho moral nace con la obra misma y subsiste, conforme a varios comentaristas, aun después de su cesión. La obra de un artista es de hecho una prolongación de su personalidad. Un atentado contra la obra lesiona la personalidad y dignidad de su creador. De ahí que algunos comentaristas hayan catalogado el derecho moral como un derecho 'absoluto, no evaluable en dinero, inalienable e intransmisible, e imprescriptible. Se ha sostenido específicamente que la condición de empleado del artista no le priva de su derecho a la propiedad intelectual. La doctrina del derecho moral se ha aplicado específicamente para evitar la modificación de murales.

8. De qué forma se puede lograr la armonía en este caso, según establecido por el Tribunal Supremo.

En el caso planteado por el Tribunal Supremo, se puede llegar a la armonía por medio de la restauración y retocación de los murales pintados por el recurrente. De ser tal la circunstancia, debe asistirle derecho a la referida Corporación a conservar su propiedad en el debido grado de frescura y limpieza. Puede lograrse la necesaria armonía en este caso mediante el ofrecimiento al autor de la oportunidad de ejecutar la obra. Si las condiciones económicas o de otra índole que éste quisiese imponer fuesen inaceptables a la Corporación, el tribunal puede fijar las que estime razonables a la luz de la prueba que se ofrezca, e incluso limitarlas a las que la Corporación les haya estado ofreciendo en contrato bona fide a otras personas competentes.

9. Cuál es el efecto o resultado de declarar sin lugar el injunction (interdicto). (2 puntos)

Se ordenará la fijación de daños y perjuicios mediante la experticia complementaría del fallo y una vez fijados los daños se procederá como si se tratara de una sentencia pasada con autoridad de cosa juzgada.

10. Cuál fue la argumentación legal (en derecho) para la determinación final del tribunal supremo de Puerto Rico en este caso. (2 puntos)

En El Tribunal Supremo De Puerto Rico. Sentencia de Waldo Santiago, J. (Mayagüez) declarando sin lugar una Petición de Injuncion permanente contra la Corporación de Renovación Urbana y Vivienda para que ésta desista de alterar y/o modificar y/o destruir ciertos murales pintados por el recurrente en las paredes exteriores de varios edificios propiedad de dicha corporación. Revocada, y se devuelve el caso al tribunal de instancia para procedimientos ulteriores consistentes con lo expresado.

III. Preguntas sobre el caso Pancorbo v. Wometco de P.R. – (19 puntos)

1. Mencione quién o quiénes son los recurrentes en este caso. (2 puntos)

Julio E. Pancorbo y Otros.

2. Mencione quién o quiénes son los recurridos en este caso. (2 puntos)

Wometco de Puerto Rico Inc., Metro Goldwyn Mayer, United Artists y Otros.

3. Menciones dos (2) categorías de derechos contenidos dentro del derecho de propiedad intelectual.

El concepto de la propiedad intelectual comprende dos categorías de derechos: los de índole económica o patrimonial y los extra patrimoniales, vinculados a la personalidad del autor.

4. Qué protege o busca proteger la doctrina del derecho moral.

El derecho moral salvaguarda la paternidad de la obra y su integridad. La defensa de esa integridad incluye el derecho a impedir que la obra sea alterada, deformada, truncada o expuesta en un contexto.

5. El Tribunal Supremo de P.R. concluyó en este caso que la ley federal regula solamente y exclusivamente qué:

Tal ley efectúa cambios significativos en el ámbito de protección del derecho del autor. Amplía considerablemente la protección federal del derecho, mas en modo alguno ocupa por completo el campo y excluye toda acción estatal. La ley federal gobierna exclusivamente tan sólo 'los derechos legales o en equidad equivalentes a cualquiera de los derechos exclusivos, dentro del ámbito general del derecho de autor

6. Qué significa campo ocupado en este caso. (2 puntos)

El derecho moral no proveyó base legal suficiente para invocar derechos económicos como tales. El tribunal declaró que la ley federal ocupó el campo únicamente de manera parcial, ya que solamente reglamenta los derechos patrimoniales, entiéndase económicos, del autor.

Diga si son CIERTA o FALSA las aseveraciones 7, 8, 9 y 10 siguiente (circúlela):

7. En lo que respecta a los derechos patrimoniales, el campo está ocupado por el gobierno federal. CIERTA

8. El derecho moral provee base suficiente para invocar derechos económicos. FALSA

9. El derecho moral se rige por la doctrina del campo ocupado. FALSA.

10. Existe base en derecho suficiente para sostener que la legislación federal sobre derecho de autor ha abolido la doctrina del derecho moral en Puerto Rico. CIERTA

11. Defina que significa ‘Sentencia Sumaria”. (2 puntos)

Sentencia solicitada por cualquiera de las partes en un proceso civil, para su terminación, cuando se cree que no existe un verdadero motivo de disputa. (Ref: http://www.onsalus.com/definicion-sentencia-sumaria-27331.html)

12. Diga—(a) Que fue lo que declaró a favor de los demandados el tribunal supremo y

El Tribunal Superior resolvió que "Estando el campo ocupado y el derecho local pertinente desplazado y abolido por una legislación especial cuya aplicación compete exclusivamente a los tribunales federales, carecemos de jurisdicción sobre la materia...". La nueva ley federal, como la anterior, se aplica expresamente a Puerto Rico. 17 U.S.C. sec. 101 (1976). Tal ley efectúa cambios significativos en el ámbito de protección del derecho del autor. Amplía considerablemente la protección federal del derecho, mas en modo alguno ocupa por completo el campo y excluye toda acción estatal.

13. Diga-- (a) Que fue lo que revocó el tribunal supremo y

El hecho de que los demandantes hayan vendido la videocinta no tiene pertinencia alguna al ejercicio de su derecho moral. El derecho moral de autor es inalienable e imprescriptible. el derecho moral no provee base legal suficiente para invocar derechos económicos como tales. Los demandantes no tienen fundamento alguno para reclamar en los tribunales de Puerto Rico regalías derivables del alegado enriquecimiento injusto de los demandados u otra compensación fundada en la violación de un derecho patrimonial reconocido federalmente. En lo que respecta a los derechos patrimoniales equivalentes a los derechos protegidos por la ley federal el campo está claramente ocupado.

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Unit 23

...Assignment 1- The court structure In this assessment, I will describe the hierarchy of the civil courts, the criminal court and the differences between the two hierarchies. The purpose of this article is to inform the readers about the court structure and role of the different courts. A diagram of the court structure Supreme Court- this is the highest judicial court in a country or state. Court of appeal- the court of appeal is a court of law that hears appeals against both civil and criminal judgements from the Crown. This is the second higher court, high and County courts & consists of 2 divisions; Civil and criminal divisions In the civil division, the court of appeal hears appeals to do with civil law and family justice from the high court, tribunals and sometimes from the county courts. Whilst the criminal divisions hears appeals from the crown courts. Decisions of the High Court may be appealed to the Civil Division of the Court of Appeal. Crown court- deals with indictable criminal cases that have been transferred from the Magistrates’ Courts, including hearing of serious criminal cases (such as murder, rape and robbery), cases sent for sentencing, and appeals. Cases are heard by a judge and a jury. Decisions of the Crown Court may be appealed to the Criminal Division of the Court of Appeal. The county court also deals with civil (non-criminal) matters. Magistrates courts trials of summary offences, committals to the crown court, family proceedings court...

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