...The Reconstruction Period And it’s Impact Following the Civil War History 121: American History to 1877 10 December 2011 The Reconstruction era was the attempt to restore the Union after the Civil War or The War for Southern Independence. Its perception was viewed differently by Southerners, Northerners, and newly freed former slaves. After the Union won the war in 1865, their job was to begin the reconstruction of the Unites States. This era started at the end of the Civil War in 1865 and ended in1877. The goal was to reunite the southern states and ensure freedom and civil rights of the southern blacks. It could be more accurate to say that Reconstruction began with the war. From the moment the war began, Lincoln focused on the problem of reconstructing the Union. Equally important, from the start of the war, the Confederacy was shrinking in size as United States Soldiers occupied parts of the South.1 Reconstruction was a bitter pill to the devastated South. The Union Armies destroyed southern towns, farms, railroads and confiscated private property. To learn and understand the atrocities committed by the Union Army, one has to look no further than the memoirs of General William Tecumseh Sherman. In one example, General Sherman and his Army are on their infamous march to the sea where he finds himself bivouacked on a southern plantation. “Through inquiry he finds out that it belonged to Confederate General Howell Cob. He states that...
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...Page 10 VI. CONCLUSION…………………………………………………..…….Page 11 VII. REFERENCES……………………………………………………..…..Page 12-13-14 VIII. APPENDICE…………………………………………………………..Page 15 I. ------------------------------------------------- INTRODUCTION The recent growth of new ethnic populations in Western societies raised lots of issues. In fact, the ethnic activity is not any more a question of historic interest; nor is it the concern of the company. Because new ethnic populations grew at the same time as Western economies, they are in a phase of slow growth and are facing the massive technological challenge; the ethnic adaptation and the mobility are central questions. (Waldinger 1990). In Europe, the activities managed by persons of minority ethnic groups were always present, but changeable historic circumstances increased jutting out to them and visibility during the last decades. First of all, the important immigration of former colonies of Southern Europe and North Africa led to a considerable migration. Secondly, thirty years of economic change caused a fundamental transformation of the labor market and a general change of the employment in big companies to the independent work in young companies. This tendency struck certain groups of immigrant much harder than the other native populations, which is reflected by the higher...
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...Teeth is a novel written by Zadie Smith that tells a story about how culture and power coexist. Smith closely examines how culture and power play a part of everyday life. White Teeth takes place in London, UK, and it focuses on the lives of many individuals with different backgrounds and cultures. In the London from White Teeth there is a strong relationship between culture and power and it shows how they intersect. In the London portrayed in White Teeth power can dominate cultures, and dominant cultures can oppress and make other smaller cultures feel unwelcome. Culture and power can be conflicting towards one another. Throughout this novel we can see how power clearly dominates over culture. Cultures can be often disregarded if it is a minority from where they are located. This novel illustrates how power often defeats culture. One way to show the superiority of power over culture is how culture plays a role in one’s community. Samad, a character from the book, is a Muslim from Bangladesh; he has been living in London since the end of World War 2. Samad has two twin boys, Magid and Millat, and they attend school in London. While they were in school they were supposed to participate in The Harvest Festival. Samad was unhappy about this because he wanted his children to be able to participate in other Bangladesh cultures and holidays that pertained to his religion. Samad brought up his unhappiness at a parent meeting at the school that the lack of different cultures was unfair and...
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...fine each of these terms? aTe two key terms in okin's arlrcle' How does she de- originallypublisheditlheBostonReview,october/November199?'ReprintedinsusanMollerOkin'IsMulticulc' Nussbaum (Princeton: PrinceMatthew Howard' and Martha turalism Bad for women? edited by Joshua cohen, Press, 1999). ton UniversitY Chapter 7 . Gender 287 2. Why, according to Kymticka, do certain minority groups deserve special group rights? 3. \Mhat is the liberal response to Okin's crlttque?'Nhatrejoinder does Olcrn offer to this response? Until the past few decades, minority groups-immigrants as well as indigenous peoples-were typically expected to assimilate into majority cultures. This assimilationist expectation is now often considered oppressive, and many Western countries are seeking to devise new policies that are more responsive to persistent cultural differences. The appropriate policies vary with context: Countries such as England with established churches or state supported religious education find it hard to resist demands to extend state support to minority religious schools; countries such as France...
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... it is equally important to remember the advantages of becoming diverse domestically. According to Guffey and Lowey (2001), diversity comes in many forms. Race, age, ethnicity, gender, physical abilities and religion are only six of the endless qualities that make up diversity. Fortunately, American corporations have begun to raise the bar when it comes to diversity in the workplace. What makes a company successful at fostering diversity? Daniels (2004), identifies a few strategies that companies are using to foster a healthy diverse culture. Companies begin by interacting with outside minority communities such as colleges where minority groups are well represented. While on these college campuses they participate in job fairs where they offer internships or job positions to qualified minority students about to graduate from college. After a company successfully hires a person within a minority group, they offer formal training and leadership development programs. The programs are designed to provide enough tools and resources to retain that employee with the idea of eventually promoting the employee within the company. Further, the company also provides a senior manager who is supportive of the diversity efforts and is...
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...is becoming more diverse, it may better to use characters of different ethnicities in commercials to be more effective. The authors wanted to conduct a study to see if distinctiveness theory was true. “Distinctiveness theory implies that the lower proportion of minority group members in the overall population, the more likely that ethically targeted stimuli will be effective (57).” Studies that have been taken earlier tied to marketing and ethnicity includes the Whittler study. In this study, they found that viewers prefer ads using spokespeople of their own racial or ethnic group. Also, they found that “…this preference for the viewer’s own racial/ethnic group appears to be stronger for viewers who more strongly identify with their racial/ethnic group (58).” According to earlier studies, Deshpande and Stayman, hypothesized that consumers who are in a minority in their ethnic situation should be more likely to identify with a spokesperson of their own ethnic group. They also expected that “…perceptions of similarity should lead to increased credibility of the spokesperson.” The two cities referred to in the title were San Antonio and Austin, Texas. These were very good cities to have in the study because they had minority and majority groups of two different ethnicities and were polar opposites of...
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...groups, the promotional objective basically is to increase 15% of target audience’s awareness towards this cross-cultural event and to build simple name recognition. ‘5Cs’ will be the promotional message, which are Cultural, Cross-Country, Celebration, Creativity and Cohesiveness. The purpose of using 5Cs as the message content is to attract target audience which is relative easier to build widespread recognition and awareness in the inner mind of the ethnic minorities. Regarding the promotion channels, a communication mix will be performed in terms of advertising, public relations and sales promotion. In order to achieve the event objectives, it is necessary to plan a comprehensive advertising program which enables to reach geographically attention. More specifically, a series of printing materials like brochures, posters, flyers will be placed at the Hong Kong Tourism Board centers and the organizations which provide caring services to the ethnic groups, namely the Centre for Harmony and Enhancement of Ethnic Minority Residents (CHEER), the Caritas Hong Kong, and the Hong Kong Unison. Next, the practice of public relations is spread widely, in which a press kit and interactive social media outlets like Facebook and Twitter will be included. The Indian actor ‘Gill Mohindepaul Signh’ and the Bollywood Dance Master ‘Krish’ will be invited to the press kit for the purpose of building the event brand recognition and awareness. On the other hand, using web-based and mobile technologies...
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...Transcript of Positive and negative images of the public services Positive and negative images of the public services FONTS Brutality Corruption Racism Racism has long been a charge leveled at the Public services by the media, for example the Brixton riots in the 80's, stopping and searching black youths in the 1990's or the lack of recruitment of ethnic minority officers. How ever it took the murder of Stephen Lawrence to put the subject on the political and media agenda. Brutality The media shows incidents of the Public services portraying them as if they are using excessive force. Sometimes their claims are unfunded and damage the public perception of the Police. Image of the Public services The public services are portrayed in a variety of different ways by the media. The coverage can be both real, such as Police interceptors or through fictional programs such as Casualty or The Bill. ( And we all know Bradshaw loves The Bill :) A UK study shows that The Sun newspaper dedicates around 30 per cent to crime news. This highlights the time and energy spent on the portrayal of the Public services. Blind obedience The media sometimes choose to portray the public services as lacking discipline and judgement if they blindly obedient when following orders. Blind obedience An example of this was the Hillsborough disaster when West Midlands Police ran their own inquiry into the handling of the disaster by South Yorkshire Police, who orchestrated a cover-up, falsified...
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...P5 The role of the Public Services in promoting Equality and Diversity .The methods used by Public Services to ensure they have a diverse workforce Are the following: * Bullying and Harassment at work Policies * Policies designed to prevent bullying * They state what should be done if it happens * State responsibility is up to the individual Policy / procedures to prevent discrimination and promote equality and diversity: * Equal opportunities procedure * Grievance procedure * Bullying and harassment * Anti-discrimination * Complaints procedure P5 Georgia Johnson S188918 Citizenship assessment Equal opportunities - These policies are set out to say how employees should be treated in terms of recruitment selections, training or promotion. The policies are mostly based on codes of practice issued by Equality and Human rights commission Complaints procedure- Each ups service will have a complaints procedure to follow , and to be able to use my general public or other organisations to report poor service or any other issues that they may have or concern. For example the police complaints commission deals with complaints against police officers or for the behaviour and conduct in one or more officers during incidents or arrests. Grievance procedure – Is a standardised list of procedures and steps which should be taken when an employee has an issue or a problem which cannot be solved on an informal basis, e.g. unfair treatment...
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...spatial “Outcome” with examples iv. Ex1. a community in Markham (news article) v. Social ecology in this article is described through the changes that occur in this community, and the outcomes of poverty ( drugs, violence etc) <http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2012/06/30/a_markham_street_reveals_much_about_gta_ethnic_enclaves.html> vi. Ex 2. Poverty in canada ‘s top cities “Visible minorities make up roughly the same proportion of the population in the Vancouver CMA as in the Toronto CMA. Yet, Vancouver is slightly less segmented than Toronto, by virtue of having a smaller proportion of its population living in both isolated and mixed/polarized tracts in 2001 (Table 8). The growth of visible minority populations has also translated into increasing minority concentration in Vancouver, except that the trend is towards polarized rather than mixed tracts. As in Toronto, it is South Asians that are more likely to live in both polarized and mixed neighbourhoods, followed by all East Asians and then Filipinos. Other visible minority groups, including blacks,Arabs/West Asians and Aboriginals, were disproportionatelylikely to live in isolated and nonisolated...
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...Introduction : For the past decades Britain is becoming increasingly diverse country. Ethnic minorities make up one third of the population. According to the 2001 Census 92% of the total population are identified as white and approximately 7.9 % of the population (ONS2001) belong to ethnic minority. Even though some improvement has been made in the labour market during the past 40 years, researches prove that ethnic minority workers are experiencing high levels of unemployment and lack of suitable employment opportunities. If compared to british or other white , the ethnic minorities in the Uk are mainly engaged in non professional low paid jobs. However some researches prove that not all of the ethnic minority workers are suffering from lower level of employment. Indian and Chinese groups for example have high levels of employment in professional jobs. Other groups are not showing the same tendency. Pakistani and Bangladeshi are mainly doing unstable and low paid jobs.Black Carribean, Black Affrican and other Black groups are standing somewhere in between. The question here is what is missing for those people to be in equal position with their conterparts? The aim of this review is to outline specific career development programmes for both ethnic minority workers and for workers in gender untypical occupations. The focus will be on the position of unemployed ethnic minorities in the labour market and how labour market training programmes help for better labour market opportunities...
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...reveals scattered references towomen as a minority group, comparable in certain resepcts to racial,ethnic, and national minorities, no systematic investigation has beenundertaken as to what extent the term "minority group" is applicableto women. That there has been little serious consideration of womenas a minority group among sociologists is manifested in the recentlyissued index to Thc American Journal of Sociology whereinunder the heading of "Minority Groups" there appears: "See Jews;Morale; Negro; Races and Nationalities; Religious Groups; Sects."There is no cross-reference to women, but such reference isfound under the heading "Family." Yet it may well be that regarding women as a minority group may beproductive of fresh insights and suggest leads for further research.The purpose of this paper is to apply to women some portion of thatbody of sociological theory and methodology customarily used forinvestigating such minority groups as Negroes, Jews, immigrants, etc.It may be anticipated that not only will principles alreadyestablished in the field of intergroup relations contribute to ourunderstanding of women, but that in the process of modifyingtraditional concepts and theories to fit the special case of womennew viewpoints for the fruitful reexamination of other minoritygroups will emerge. In defining the term "minority group," the presence ofdiscrimination is the identifying factor. As Louis Wirth1has pointed out, "minority group" is not a statistical concept, norneed...
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...organizations which show the extent of growing demand. The main reasons for this growing demand would be Kennedys motivation and idealism and also the discrimination and oppression which many groups, minorities in particular faced. The main groups which I am going to explore in this essay are the African-Americans, students, gay people, students, and women, all of which wanted to live their life freely and equal. In both source 5 and 6 there is evidence to prove why demand for freedom increased but also with my own research I have found out about a number of events and organizations which show the extent of growing demand. Kennedy’s motivation and idealism inspired and motivated many young people and groups to adopt this new way of thinking. In source 6 a “fighting spirit” is mentioned and in source 5 we see the “sisters unite in their struggle”. Both of these express a strong feeling and bravery which led to the fight and the growing demand for freedom. Students in particular wanted to change the systems politically and socially as well as wanting to liberate the minorities for example the African-Americans, this idea of idealism isn’t really expressed fully in the sources. One of the reason for the growing demand for personal freedom shown in the sources is the inequality of the minority groups in America in Source five we see how women were...
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...Libertarian- Left Realism On behalf of the great Libertarian party, we would like to express our proposals for tackling crime. As a collective we take crime seriously and realise that it needs to be at the top of our agenda. If you elect us here are several of the solutions for crime we will introduce: Firstly we will employ more ethnic minority police officers. This is because there has been an increase in crime since the 1950s which mostly affects disadvantaged groups. This country needs a lot more role models for disadvantaged groups such as ethnic minorities. A solution to this problem which we are going to use is to employ more ethnic minority police officers. This is so young people have positive role models and we can stop the negative stereotype. Secondly we will install more CCTV cameras around the country. As we recognise that many deprived communities do not have the required surveillance to feel safe in their own societies. Providing more CCTV cameras will enable us to make sure that criminals from all areas do not have the upper hand. Thirdly we will integrate police officers into our societies through community policing. We believe that if police officers are embedded within the communities they serve, instances of racial profiling, and excessive use of violent force would be less likely to happen. Community policing will help to facilitate greater conversation, interaction, and friendliness between police officers and residents. Lastly we will tackle...
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...The differences that make us unique individuals are also sources of potential conflict between us. Diversity in race, gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, age, and other personal qualities can lead to divisive and costly conflicts in the workplace. By 2031 almost 26% of Canada’s population will be foreign-born and 31% will be visible minorities, according to new projections released by Statistics Canada. Almost half of the working age population will be either foreign-born or have at least one parent born in another country. In Metropolitan areas such as Toronto and Vancouver, the visible minorities of the present will be the majority, while their population will double in other Canadian cities, such as St. John’s, Nfld., Kelowna, B.C., and Ontario cities like Barrie, Hamilton, Kitchener, Oshawa and Peterborough. Canadian demographics are changing in part due to real and projected labour shortages. As the economy grows and Baby Boomers retire, there are not enough Canadian-born workers to meet the demands for skilled labour. Employers then look to other countries with large talent pools, such as China and India, to fulfill those needs. What this means for Canadian workplaces is things are going to look and feel very different. They are going to be much more diverse and the effects of this diversity need to be understood. Foreign-born people come to the workplace with different values, ethics, expectations and modes of communication. Conflict is a natural result of the misunderstanding...
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