...Even though some studies support what we have shown before, there are others that suggest a more negative correlation between children’s social and emotional development and their participation in ASPs(Dynarski, et al. 2004). 2.3. After school programs: Challenges The variety of needs and expectations of parents and schools have generated pressure within the after school evolution. Parents need after school programs to provide supervision for their children, while schools expect additional academic support. In order to function and fulfill the expectation of both, parents and school, after school programs must overcome two major misconceptions: that after school programs are childcare, and that after school programs are an extension of the school day. 2.3.1 After school programs are childcare One of the advantages of after school programs is indeed the possibility to leave your child in a safe, supervised environment, but the same goes for school. It is often that parents view after school primarily as a safe place for their children to spend the time while they are working. Therefore, parents tend to use after school in a sporadic and inconsistent manner. Research shows that the one factor that most limits a program’s positive impact on youth is inconsistent attendance (Kane, T....
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...Parental Accountability for Juvenile Offenders ITT-Technical Institute Parental Accountability for Juvenile Offenders On February 11, 2014 a student was discovered carrying a handgun on the campus of Fairly High School in Memphis. Two weeks later, on February 25, 2014, Cartrail Robertson, 13, was gunned down in a Memphis home. On Thursday, July 10, 2014, SFC. Michael Braden was gunned down at a Tennessee armory. The criminal nature of these acts alone is enough to give pause, but of even greater concern is the fact that each of these crimes was committed by adolescent Tennesseans. Scenarios in which crimes have been perpetrated by juvenile offenders are becoming common place in our region’s news reports. These are arguments that oppose holding parents accountable for crimes committed by juveniles one such argument is supported by Keeler (2004) who asserts that adolescent crimes can occur regardless of good parenting. Keeler’s argument describes a teen who has dropped out school and is involved in criminal behavior. The worst of the behavior being several instances of drunk driving. There is a parent who appears genuine in her concern for her teen. Unfortunately, the argument also illustrates the parent’s frustration with her teen to the point where she releases the child first to relatives, then juvenile services. It was only after this transition that the child’s difficult behavior escalated to a criminal in nature. Parents must be encouraged to give their youth support...
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...While some employers are successful in building bridges to community colleges, many opportunities are poorly advertised and generate little engagement with community college students. And finally, while America’s College Promise ensures increased financial stability through free and reduced tuition, David Brooks has noted that tuition represents only a fifth of the cost of community college life. The greatest challenge community college students face are often personal expenses: textbooks, transportation, housing, childcare cost, and foregone wages affect students more deeply. Moreover, community college tuition is already quite inexpensive for students from low-income families who qualify for Pell grants and other sources of financial aid. In 2002, 38 percent of community college students have their whole tuition covered by grant aid. A third of students had only hundreds of dollars in fees. However, the least expensive schools do not experience increased retention rates, and in many cases suffer from increased attrition. While community colleges in California are among the most affordable, a majority of California community college students never complete their...
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...In contemporary society, various experts have sought ways to compare the disparities and convergence of statistics, policies and outcomes between nations. While these measures have traditionally focused on social and economic data, recent trends have extended to address other features. One important aspect in this regard is the underlying societal gender discrimination and the diverse outcome for males and females. This is commonly referred to as gender inequality. According to Dorius and Firebaugh (2010), gender inequality is where one gender possesses an excessively large proportion of valued items, such as political influence, wages or good health. Although every region of the world has developed policies and laws to tackle gender inequality, Asia-Pacific has countries with varying social and economic circumstances. This essay will examine gender inequality in two Asia-Pacific states, namely China and Singapore. The essay will consider employment and family-based gender inequality in each nation and assess the similarities and differences between them. Gender inequality has major impacts on nations, in particular on the Asia-Pacific zone. Francisco (2007) delineates various forms of inequality, namely mortality, natality, basic facility, special opportunity, professional, ownership and household forms of inequality. In this field, Jutting, Morrison, Dayton- Johnson and Drechsler (2008) argue that gender equality is vital to promote economic growth, wealth creation and poverty...
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...homes, children were placed in orphanages or government run institutions. They were also placed in state prisons up until the 1970’s. Thankfully, in 1976 Act No. 148 decisively reorganized the way services for Pennsylvania juveniles were subsidized, and in the process gave local communities both incentives and funds to help keep delinquent youth closer to their homes (Griffin, 2003). Hence, the beginning of community based group homes for at-risk adolescent youth. In our society, it is important for abused children to have a safe, nurturing place to live. Residential youth group homes face many challenging obstacles such state government interference, minimal funding for programs, lack of resources for staff training and the public misconception of the types of children served. A properly run, licensed residential youth group home gives children a sense of security in knowing they have a warm bed, food, supplies, and all other necessary requirements to help them achieve their maximum growth towards adulthood. Most of all, they are secure in knowing the abuse has stopped and they can stop worrying about getting through the day without being hurt. When they close their eyes to sleep at night, they know they won’t have to wake up to beatings, starvation, and/or sexual...
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...disorders. It is a devastating experience for families. Every year, the United States conduct an enumeration of homeless people around the nation. These reports of homeless people conducted by the National Alliance to End Homelessness are based on the definition set by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), in what is commonly known as a “point-in -time” count. Point-in-time counts are the only measure that captures unsheltered persons experiencing homelessness. Last year's point-in-time count is the most recent national estimate of homelessness in the United States. As of January 2013, the national count of unsheltered people experiencing homelessness decreases by 11.6% between 2012 and 2013. There is a common misconception that homelessness is an issue that only pertains to single men and women, but in reality over 600,000 families a year will experience homelessness. The problems of family homelessness are not solely restricted to urban areas; rural area and suburban communities are increasingly plagued by the problem. The three main reasons for the abundance of dispossessed families within America are the following: 1) the lack of affordable housing, 2) poverty, and 3) mental illness. In today's society, these causes are the main contributors towards the heartbreaking conditions of family homelessness, which often leads to family breakups, health issues, and educational obstacles. President Obama recently addressed this vital issue when he stated, “It...
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...state’s 75 counties. Arkansans have access to many services that they can apply for in person or online. Those services include ARKids First health insurance for children, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP, formerly known as food stamps), Transitional Employment Assistance (TEA) and Medicaid. DHS uses Medicaid that is both federally and state funded to pay for 64 percent of the babies born in Arkansas each year and for the care of 69 percent of the state’s nursing home patients. Additionally, DHS protects children and the elderly who have been abused or neglected; finds adoptive homes for foster children; funds services for the elderly such as congregate and home-delivered meals and regulate nursing homes. While regulating childcare facilities, they also support high-quality early childhood education; treat and serve youth in the juvenile justice system; oversee services for blind Arkansans; runs residential facilities for people with developmental disabilities; manages the Arkansas State Hospital and Arkansas Health Center for those with acute behavioral health issues; and supports nonprofit, community and faith-based organizations that depend on volunteers to continue programs vital to our communities. The agency also partners with community mental health care centers to provide mental health services to almost 74,000 people each year. Over all, DHS serves more than 1.2 million Arkansans every single year. To manage these services and programs efficiently, DHS has...
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...Sexism in Workplace and its Effects on Workers Student’s Name Institutional Affiliation Sexism in Workplace and its Effects on Workers Sexism refers to a kind of gender discrimination that is based on an individual’s sex. Sexism still has roots in the society and has also been reflected in the corporate sector. Though it is argued the sexism affects both women and men, the prejudice has primarily been shouldered by women. The psychology links this prejudice to gender role and other stereotypes that are constructed in our society. People have a mental perspective that one gender is superior to the other. However, this is not the case. Besides, the remarkable changes and breakthrough that have been achieved in the 21st century, sexism still dominates the workplace and have adverse effects on the workers. Some of these effects include; rape, sexual harassment, and other sexual violence activities. The idea of sexism is developed in thoughts and thus, one cannot separate sexism and psychology. The question is what sexism is as depicted in the working environment and what effects does it have on employees. The current paper looks deep into the issue of sexism in workplace and the influence that it has on employees by using empirical evidence from several researchers. According to psychology, sexism is a hostile or a negative attitude, feeling or opinion developed towards an individual or a group of people (Boysen, 2013). The attitude...
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...impact a daycare center as well as the controls needed to safeguard assets to ensure that we stay in compliance and adhere to all regulations set forth. My plan is to start this business inside my home with the name of “Babies & Beyond” located in Somerset, New Jersey, see how well I do, and then perhaps look to expand and build a complete center one day. You are an Entrepreneur! 1. Describe the type of business you have created including: A daycare center is a place for parents to drop their children off with ease and comfort knowing that their money is going to good use to keep their children safe while also providing the children with a curriculum for learning. Daycare programs provide supplementary childcare on a regular basis inside and outside of a child's home and are administered by adults other than the child's parents (Thomas, 2014). a. The product or service, and general staffing plan. The overall mission for Babies & Beyond daycare is to provide a safe, affordable and high quality place for children. Babies & Beyond daycare provides an at home program for...
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...MSc IN iNTERNATIONAL mANAGEMENT | Under-representation of female expatriates | The issues and barriers | | OC1BBS | 02/11/15 | MBA 7020 - Research and Study Skills | Dr. Emily Fenclova | | George Ritzer and Paul Dean (2014), both writers and professors at U.S. Universities, said: “Globalization is increasingly omnipresent. In fact, globalization is of such great importance that the era in which we live should be labeled the global age” (p. 2). It is undisputable that the “global age” has opened up new opportunities for the companies to engage in international business (Taylor and Napier, 1996). According to Charles Vance and Yongsun Paik (2001), business leaders have been increasingly acknowledging the on-going global activity and the possible benefits associated with entering the global market (Linehan and Scullion, 2001). Consequently, it is more and more common for the employees of multinational corporations (MNCs) to spend time working in foreign countries on international assignments (Guthrie et al., 2003; Kollinger, 2005). For the purpose of this essay, the terms “international assignment” and “expatriate work” will be used interchangeably. Many scholars, as well as business people now realize that if a company really wants to succeed in an international or global market, the people are the difference makers (Selmer and Leung, 2003; Forster, 1999; Vance and Paik, 2001). According to Sim and Dixon (2007), a commonly held stereotype of an expat...
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...Affirmative Action, A Social Issue The black rights and women’s rights movements of the 1960’s fought against injustice and discrimination that had been suffered by minorities for years (Hudson). In response, President Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925 in 1961, creating a Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and mandating that projects financed by federal funding would “take affirmative action” to ensure that hiring and employment practices were free of racial bias (Hudson). Two more executive orders in 1965 and 1968 prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion, national origin, and gender, giving the federal government the power to enforce this prohibition (Hudson). However, in current times, affirmative action programs have suffered setbacks. Affirmative action in education has been abolished in Texas by court order, and in California and Washington it has been terminated by public referendum (Bybee). Currently, the main question concerning affirmative action is whether or not it is the best way to combat inequality. Also: What groups should or should not have affirmative action? When will the problem be “solved” and affirmative action no longer necessary? While the United States is divided between 49% of citizens supporting affirmative action programs and 43% opposing them, many Americans have a difficult time even defining what affirmative action is (Gallup 2003). The term ‘affirmative action’ includes laws, policies, and programs designed to reduce...
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...Contents Executive summary: 2 Historical Background: 3 IKEA Viaion and Mission: 3 Production Strategy: 4 Promotion strategy: 4 IKEA Expansion worldwide 5 Expansion into Europe: 5 Expansion into North America: 5 IKEA’s Marketing Mix 6 Price 6 Products 6 Promotion 6 Place 7 Environmental Analysis 7 Issue identification, discussion and strategic alternatives 8 Why IKEA wanted to penetrate the US market? 8 Issue identification, the problem IKEA faced in America? 8 What caused these problems? Mistakes that IKEA made while entering the US market: 9 How do some of the American customers perceived IKEA and its marketing strategies? 9 How can IKEA solve its problem? What are the strategic alternatives? 9 Recommendation 11 Alternative Implementation 11 Conclusion 12 Appendixes 12 Executive summary: IKEA is a Swedish company which specializes in manufacturing furniture and selling them throughout the world. It has got large retail stores located on the outskirts of the major cities. IKEA is well known for attracting customers who are looking for modern designs at good value. IKEA is a Swedish furniture chain that has drawn large opening crowds to its stores as it has pushed into Europe, Asia, and North America. It has built something of a cult following, especially among young and price-conscious consumers. But the expansion was not always smooth and easy, for example, in Germany...
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...Alcohol and Drug Addiction Liberty University Abstract This paper is a reflection of addiction in the United States and the statistics that prove addiction is a major issue within the country. Discussed in the paper will be first the primary causes of addiction and risk factors that may lead to an addiction in an individual. Going further into the problem, the cycle of addiction and how to break free of the cycle and an individual’s addiction is talked about. Since there are different drugs that can cause addiction, a breakdown of certain drugs is given. These drugs include alcohol, prescription drugs, heroin, and marijuana. Next, the side effects of drug addiction to the drugs chosen are described in depth as well as the signs that can be viewed in screening for drug addiction. Resources available to drug addiction are touched on and treatment options to explore what can be done if an individual does suffer from drug addiction. Finally, what human service professionals are doing to assist individuals who are addicted and how they can improve on training to ensure that addiction can be caught early enough to make a difference? Introduction to Drug Addiction Addiction is a chronic disease of brain reward, motivation and memory in individuals who submit to any number of different drugs available to them. Such chronic need for the drugs leads to manifestations biologically, psychologically, spiritually and even socially in any given individual (ASAM, 2014). These, however...
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...BRITISH UNEMPLOYMENT AND MONETARY POLICY Dr Sushil Wadhwani Member, Monetary Policy Committee Bank of England Speech to be delivered to the Society of Business Economists on 2 December 1999. I am extremely grateful to Damon Clark, Joanne Cutler, Mark Dean, John Henderson and Duncan Melville for their help and advice on this work. I have also learnt a great deal by talking to William Brown, Richard Layard and Stephen Nickell. Ian Bond, Phil Evans, Paul Fisher, Mike Joyce, DeAnne Julius, Mervyn King and John Vickers provided me with helpful comments on an earlier version. The views expressed in this paper are personal and do not necessarily reflect any views held by either the Monetary Policy Committee or the Bank of England. 2 INTRODUCTION Many economists use a notion like the so-called ‘natural’ rate of unemployment (or the allied concept of the non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment – the NAIRU, hereafter) in thinking about the labour market. Of course, the NAIRU is extremely difficult to measure, and, often, there is significant disagreement about where it is at a given moment in time. As I discuss below (in Section 2), since 1992, British economic forecasters have displayed a tendency to over-predict the level of unemployment, while simultaneously also over-predicting inflation. It is likely that these forecast errors have come from having been too gloomy about the NAIRU. In Section 3, I discuss econometric evidence suggesting that, in the 1990s...
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...Excellence through diversity is one of the Chancellor's goals, yet the term diversity often raises controversy, confusion, and tension. What does it mean? Is it the same as affirmative action? Why should you focus on it? When people think of diversity, they may think first of ethnicity and race, and then gender; however, diversity is much broader than that. In Workforce America! Managing Employee Diversity as a Vital Resource, diversity is defined as “otherness or those human qualities that are different from our own and outside the groups to which we belong, yet present in other individuals and groups.” Dimensions of diversity include, but are not limited to: age, ethnicity, ancestry, gender, physical abilities/qualities, race, sexual orientation, educational background, geographic location, income, marital status, military experience, religious beliefs, parental status, and work experience (Loden and Rosener 1991, 18-19). It's important to understand how these dimensions affect performance, motivation, success, and interactions with others. Institutional structures and practices that have presented barriers to some dimensions of diversity should be examined, challenged, and removed. Managing diversity is defined as "planning and implementing organizational systems and practices to manage people so that the potential advantages of diversity are maximized while its potential disadvantages are minimized," according to Taylor Cox in "Cultural Diversity in Organizations." Managing...
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