...Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 13 (1): 33-40, 2013 ISSN 1990-9233 © IDOSI Publications, 2013 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2013.13.1.1756 Postmodernism Approach in Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqh) 1 Ahmad Badri Abdullah, 1Mohd Anuar Ramli, 2Mohammad Aizat Jamaludin, 1 Syamsul Azizul Marinsah and 3Mohd Roslan Mohd Nor 1 Department of Fiqh and Usul, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2 Halal Product Research Institute (HPRI), Universiti Putra Malaysia 3 Department of Islamic History and Civilization, Academy of Islamic Studies, Universiti of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Abstract: The history of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) has gone through various phases. From the time of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), it has continuously become a dynamic force in fulfilling the contemporary needs of the Ummah. After the period of imitation (taqlid), Islamic jurisprudence enters the renewal process (tajdid) in order to rejuvenate Muslim society to the practice of Ijtihad. The emergence of new approach was caused by the changes and developments in human life that spark to the existence of new issues, which their answers cannot be traced in the works of classical fiqh. Accordingly, some would prefer to utilize the postmodernism approach in the process of interpretation of the divine texts in order to get the ruling (hukm). Some of the thinkers and scholars seem to neglect the normative guide in classical Usul al-Fiqh (the principle of...
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...religion is simply changing, rather than declining. They believe it is changing as a result of changes in wider society, such as, greater individualism and consumerism, or a shift from modern to late modern or postmodern society. Davie is one of these sociologists; in her view religion is taking a different, more privatised form. She explains this by giving the example of that people no longer go to church because they feel they have to or because it is respectable to do so. She says that although churchgoing has declined it is simply because attendance is now a matter of personal choice rather than the obligation it used to be. As a result there is believing without belonging, where by people hold religious beliefs but don’t go to church. Therefore the decline of traditional religion is matched by the growth of the new form of religion. Davie also notes a trend towards vicarious religion, whereby people are experiencing religion second hand. This is a typical pattern in Britain and northern Europe. In these societies people still use the church for rites of passage, rituals that make a change of status such as baptisms, weddings and funerals. Similarly Bibby’s findings show that only 25% attended church but 80% said they have religious beliefs, identified positively with religious traditions and turned to religious for rites of passage. Although they rarely went to church, they continued to be interested in the supernatural. This shows that people are now choosing whether or...
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...own cultural identity. As a result, some governments fight to limit the intake of foreign media to slow the steady hand of globalization within their borders. While some may see this as a positive way to keep cultures pure and protect them from being wiped out, the reality is that people can appreciate other cultures without losing their own identity. The trend of globalization does have its drawbacks from some perspectives. McDonalds and Coke have seeped into nearly every part of the world, sometimes forcing local businesses and traditional products out of business. Less than a mile away from the pyramids of Giza in Cairo shine the Golden Arches, an ever present reminder of western influence. Young people are leaving the villages where their ancestors have lived for centuries at an alarming rate, making skilled craftsmen of traditional products a rare commodity as old talent ages and dies without a chance to pass on their knowledge....
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... the architecture that time was autocratic and power centric in nature. When India was colonized, British rulers gained dominance and the role of the older patrons got diluted with time. Colonial architecture was power centric and showed dominance. Post independence the patrons became the government agencies who wanted a modern national identity for the country. Later, this shifted to the private agencies and the nature of architecture also shifted from public sponsored to private. With the advent of globalization in the 1990’s, rapid socio cultural changes started taking place. With social, cultural and economic changes, the patronage also shifted to the ever increasing public sector that brought about a major change in the architecture, both its style and functions. The architecture of today is based on economy, efficiency, modern and progressive lifestyle and aspirations of people. With the shifting patronage there is a corresponding change in the style of architecture. Over the years, the continuity in architectural language seems to be broken somewhere. There was an important role played by the colonial architecture and later the post independence modern movement in the breaking this continuity. This research proposes to find that what is the role of patronage in today’s time...
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...SUMMARY Malaysia has emerged as a leading Asian economy where modern retail culture has gowned phenomenally, as a resulted attracted lots of foreign and local hypermarket brand in the market. MYDIN has emerged as one of the local dominant player in wholesale supermarket industry of Malaysia having significant market share over other local and foreign competitors. MYDIN has decided to become multinational because of highly saturated Malaysian market where a lot of competitors are operating. MYDIN has decided to invest in the small south Asian economies where consumerism is increasing at a rapid pace. Market selected is Sri Lanka which is a south Asian peninsula with the population of more than 20 million. External environment analysis of Sri Lanka has been conducted to analyze the driving and restricting forces of doing business in Sri lanka. Sri Lankan economy shows positive and favorable political, economical, social and technological trend which serve as opportunity for foreign investors to invest in the host country. Sri Lankan supermarket and retail industry is still immature and have a lot of potential to growth with the increasing trend of consumerism in Sri Lanka. Despite having a lot of competitors there is no large scale hypermarket mall concept in Sri Lanka providing service quality attributes to Sri Lanaka consumers. The statistics by Nelson on FMCG trend in south Asian market shows positive trend and great potential for consumerism in Sri Lanka. Lewin’s force field...
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...the 18 karat jewelry. Over time Tanishq has undergone through a lot of changes in its marketing policies and strategies to position itself as a mainstream jewelry firm rather than targeting a small customers of the whole jewelry market. Tanishq, established in 1995, challenged the established family jeweler and introduced new rules in precious jewelry. Tanishq spread awareness to the public about alleged impurity in Gold jewelry across India. Tanishq introduced innovations like Karat meter, the only non-destructive means to check the purity of gold and machine made jewelry. Tanishq was introduced as jewelry for adornment and bore a western appeal; it was targeted towards modern women. But as a largest part of the Indian jewelry market is dominated by traditional jewelries, Tanishq had to move from being modern to being traditional. In its errand, Tanishq adopted different strategies at different points in time to...
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...frontier land thus far only sparsely colonized by the Spanish. The English first landed at and founded Jamestown in 1607, and quickly became one of the dominant ethnic groups in America. By 1790 about 60% of White Americans were English, and being the “majority” ethnic group in the country they really experienced very little racism against them, though the early days of their colonization was far from conflict free. Many skirmishes with local Indian tribes, coupled with disease outbreaks, lead to high mortality rates for early colonies. These conflicts with Indians were not the only violent encounters they had with other ethnic groups as they were almost constantly at war with the Spanish. Though their wars with the Spanish were primarily politically motivated and not due to their ethnic differences, it did lead to a sort of forced segregation between the English and Spanish colonies early on. A similar segregation existed between the English and Indian tribes as well, and this was at least to some extent an ethnic issue. The trend of the English being a “Majority” ethnic group, as opposed to a minority, has held true to this day for the most part. This has kept the...
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...“Culture” The culture of India refers to the way of life of the people of India. India's languages, religions, dance, music, architecture, food, and customs differ from place to place within the country. The Indian culture, often labelled as an amalgamation of several cultures, spans across the Indian subcontinent and has been influenced by a history that is several millennia old.[1][2] Many elements of India's diverse cultures, such as Indian religions, yoga, and Indian cuisine, have had a profound impact across the world ‘Religions” Main article: Religion in India India is the birthplace of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism, collectively known as Indian religions Indian religions, also known as Dharmic religions are a major form of world religions along with Abrahamic one. Today, Hinduism and Buddhism are the world's third and fourth-largest religions respectively, with over 2 billion followers altogether, and possibly as many as 2.5 or 2.6 billion followers India is one of the most religiously diverse nations in the world, with some of the most deeply religious societies and cultures. Religion still plays a central and definitive role in the life of many of its people. According to a 2001 census of India, the religion of...
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...Globalisation is an objective development of human civilisation process which results from the development of human society and civilization development. The process of globalisation has greatly driven the development of global social productive forces, promoted the progress of human civilization. People need to calm down and think about the process of globalization on human civilization that is positive and negative effects arising. Strength of Western civilization led to globalization, many developing countries and regions to enjoy the civilization of Western science and technology while faced with the loss of the local cultural characteristics, as well as the risk of national culture. In addition to the positive effects of globalisation, beyond the negative effects cannot be ignored, especially on the impact of Asian culture. Especially the impact on China even cannot be ignored. Globalisation has accelerated China's economic development, but behind the development, the problems are evident. For example, the rapid development of rural areas have become urbanised, traditional architecture and culture under the influence of globalization because they have been making extensive damage instead of protecting them. A lot of traditional architecture has not been repaired due to their inexistence, those traditional cultural festivals have become very isolate is one example. In China there are many cultural festivals, with the involvement of Western culture, festivals, more and more...
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...variety of different types. After a period of time the strength of the nation´s own cultural traditions weakened by Western influence, the nation´s arts and culture are thriving as Liberians came to value with their own original cultural expressions while at the same time thriving on the best of Western culture to produce a healthy and exciting mixed historical culture. Liberia´s National Cultural group, for instance, offers plays and dances based on traditional Liberian themes both at home and elsewhere, under the motivation of President Tolbert, creator of the annual National Art and Culture Festival. On Liberian television and radio, African drama and music have their own honored place, while Liberian writers, inspired by the country's rapidly rising level of literacy, are increasingly finding their own place. Literature in Liberia began soon after the nation´s beginning, the first Liberian novel, “Love in Ebony”, was written by Charles Cooper in the late 19th century. The creative writers who followed Cooper include R. Tombekai Dempster, the first Liberian poet to be represented in an anthology, Peter Dorliae, whose collections of folktales gave traditional Liberian stories a modern setting or mood, and the novelist and poet Bai T. Moore. Liberia´s younger writers are working towards a new traditional style of African storytelling with a realistic summary of their society, a trend which promised much for the future of literature in Liberia. Though English is, of course, the...
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...leading international firms to globalization of their sourcing, production, and marketing. (a) Political forces has lead to increasing trend toward multilateralism (in which the United Nations plays a key role) and toward the emergence of national and international nongovernmental organizations that act as watchdogs over governments and have increased their activities and influence. Political forces are also setting a trend towards unification and socialization of the global economy (Moghadam, 2010). (b) Technological forces play a fundamental part in making globalization possible. Without airplanes, telephones, satellites, computers and televisions it would not be possible to transfer information from one place to another, thus allowing for the speed and the intensity which characterize the modern world. These technological advances give rise to a rate of diffusion and transfer of knowledge which is greatly superior to that of the past. In other words, it was the new technologies that allowed the emergence of the “global village”. (c) Market forces combines the promotion and selling of goods and services with an increasingly interdependent and integrated global economy. It makes companies feel if they are without walls with the Internet an integral marketing and cultural tool. Understanding consumer needs within target countries helps formerly local companies build a global marketing mix where product, price, place and promotion that are geared toward specific country needs. (d)...
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...Topic: Socio-Cultural impacts of tourism Tourism considered as global phenomenon which is carried out by persons itself. This naturally results in meeting of different culture, economy, progress, status, etc. round the globe. Human being considered as social animal cause’s significant social culture impact by tourism. According to Teo (1994) impacts are defined as “change in value system, moral, conduct, individual behaviour, relationship, lifestyle, expression, tradition”. Social culture impact of tourism discussed below is categorised broadly as positive and negative impact of tourism, factors responsible and impact management utilising various supportive journals articles. Interaction between host and tourist at particular destination leads to social culture impacts. This could have immediate social impact like change in quality of life, adjustment to tourist industry and long term culture impact like change in standards, social relationship defined as “conducting elements of behaviour and product of that behaviour” (Weidenfeld, 2012). Broadly literatures revels positive impacts like urban relocation by creating jobs, infrastructure, security, foster pride in culture, etc. certain negative impacts like increase in crime, environmental detonation, increase traffic, alcoholism, drugs, prostitution etc. However, the impacts are considered ambiguous broadly varies country to country and hosts perceptions. Various pre studied articles are taken into consideration to have detailed...
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...Bullfighting in the Modern World Name: Course: Date: Bullfighting is a traditional spectacle of western countries like Spain, Mexico, France, Philippines, and Columbia in which bulls are baited, and thereafter killed in a bullring for entertainment of the audience. Even though it is a blood sport by definition, many followers of this spectacle consider it as a fine art and not as a sport because it lacks competition elements in the proceedings. As it is practiced today, bullfight involves professional toreros who practice different formal moves that can be innovated and interpreted according to the bullfighter’s school or style. It is alleged that the fighters seek to elicit art and inspiration from their work and emotional connection with the audience transmitted through the bull. These maneuvers are done at close range, after the bull has been tied and weakened. The close proximity puts the bullfighter at risk of being trampled or gored by the bull. After hooking the bull several times behind the shoulder, the bullfight ends with the killing of that bull using a single sword thrust called the Estacada (For a Bullfighting-free Europe, 2011). Ecology Many bulls are bred and kept in semi-preserved land areas called dehesas. The dehesas are home to many protected animals like the imperial eagle and cared for as an area of outstanding natural beauty. Bullfighting industry claim that the protected species and the dehesas will disappear incase bullfighting is abolished. They claim...
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...Preserving and Revitalizing Filipino Architecture Thru Museum Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION A. The Problem and Its Setting a. Background of the Study Various cultural influences are here in our country, there’s the Chinese, Indian, Islamic, Spanish and even American traditions left their trademarks on the Filipino culture that plays a part on country’s architecture. Different traditions, motifs and even culture are merged with our identity. Identity that had struggled for centuries by Filipino especially in designing and architecture. Many of us are wondering with these questions: Does Philippine Architecture really exist? Is there Filipino architecture?People said that our architecture is an adaptation of Asian architecture. Our very own bahay -kubo, our mountain region dwellings are said to be similar with the other countries. Architecture, as an art, It is “subject to social, political or cultural influences”. It reflects the values of the society. we should provide an opportunity of more accommodating for the presentation, promotion and development of this art. The aim of this study is to give us the information about the architectural background of our country, not to prove that, but to give the facts and knowledge of our architecture. b. Statement of the Problem Major problem: Filipino architecture is not that recognized. Sub-problems: Non existence of architectural museum in our country. Several people are asking about the country’s architecture...
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...which only worked with Keurig machines (Purpose, Mission & Values, 2013) Green Mountain’s vales, which can be found on their website, are; We Partner for Mutual Success, We Innovate with Passion, We Play to Win and We Brew a Better World. In 2008, Keurig made it to the Forbes ‘200 Best Small Companies’ list, but 2011 was the pioneer year. From January to September, sales rose over three hundred percent. This was due to their K-cup agreements with Starbucks and Dunkin Donuts (Badenhausen & Settimi, 2011). Today, the corporation is a leader in specialty coffee and coffee makers, and is known for its award-winning coffees, innovative Keurig Single Cup brewing technology, and publicly respectable business practices. Green Mountain supports local and global communities by “off-setting one hundred percent of its greenhouse gas emissions, investing in sustainably grown coffee and donation at least five percent of its pre-tan profits to social and environmental projects.” (Purpose, Mission & Values, 2013) The KeurigVue was introduced in 2012 as a plan to increase customer choices in brewing systems (The Keurig Story, 2013). The main initiatives of the Vue...
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