...the potential for a sharp increase in non-performing loans (NPLs). There are also worries about the accuracy of official data on NPLs. Political risk The Communist Party of Vietnam exerts a tight grip on power, ensuring a high degree of political stability. Rows over land leases are emerging as a cause of popular unrest but are unlikely to threaten the party's hold power. Economic structure risk Lacklustre growth in private consumption will depress imports in 2012, but the trade deficit will expand sharply once domestic demand recovers from 2013. Workers' remittances will continue to support the current account. Vietnam economy: The government announces pro-growth measures June 19 (Economist Intelligence Unit) -- The Vietnamese government is accelerating moves to help the economy out of its current slowdown, with a fresh focus on assisting credit-starved small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Other measures to boost...
Words: 15386 - Pages: 62
...WP/05/104 Reforming the Russian Budget System: A Move to More Devolved Budget Management? Jack Diamond © 2005 International Monetary Fund WP/05/104 IMF Working Paper Fiscal Affairs Department Reforming the Russian Budget System: A Move to More Devolved Budget Management? Prepared by Jack Diamond1 May 2005 Abstract This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. The Russian federal government has recently initiated a fundamental reform of its budget system, encompassing important policy, procedural, and institutional changes. This paper reviews this reform agenda with reference to the experience of industrial countries that over the past two to three decades have followed a similar reform path toward a more devolved budget management system. From this perspective, the importance of the strength of existing public expenditure management systems to accommodate increased devolution and the scope for employing decentralized agencies is explored. An assessment of the present Russian reform plans in light of this review reveals a number of concerns. First, the speed of the reforms contemplated appears overly ambitious when judged by the experience of other countries. Second, the preparedness...
Words: 11287 - Pages: 46
...system. 1. History of the Banking System in Vietnam The development of the Banking System in Vietnam has closely linked with its national history. Before the August Revolution 1945 Vietnam was under the French colonialists’ rules. The banking and credit systems was founded and protected by the French colonial Government through the Indochina Bank, which acted as both the central bank of the whole Indochinese region (Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia) and a commercial bank. After the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in September 1945 the new elected Government attempted building a monetary and banking system independently from French. In the second Congress of the Vietnam Workers’ Party (February 1951) President Ho Chi Minh signed decree on establishment of the Vietnam National Bank (Ngân Hàng Quốc Gia Việt Nam). On 21st January 1960 the Vietnam National Bank was renamed as the State Bank of Vietnam (Ngân Hàng Nhà Nước Việt Nam). After the fall of Saigon and the capitulation of South Vietnam’s Governors the two parts Vietnamswere officially united. With the founding of Socialist Republic of Vietnam, administrations and institutions of North and South Vietnam became unified. The National Bank of...
Words: 3088 - Pages: 13
...| US | JAPAN | CHINA | GERMANY | NETHERLAND | FRANCE | PROFESSIONALISM | Regulation environment:1. accounting is regulated by private-sector body(FASB), but government underpins the authority of its standards. 2. no legal requirement for the publication of FS3. each state has its own corporate statutes and not rigorously enforced. Reports rendered to local agencies are often unavailable to the public4. only listed companies have compulsory requrirements for FR at the federal level as specified by the SEC. | | | | Regulation environment:1. Dutch accounting presents several interesting paradoxes. The Dutch have relatively permissive statutory accounting and financial reporting requirements but very high professional practice stds. The Netherlands is a code law country, yet accounting is oriented toward fair presentation.2. Accounting and tax separate3. Dutch Civil Code includes 1970 Act of Annual Accounts. True and fair view required. | | STATUTORY CONTROL | | Regulatory environment:1. traditional society with strong cultural and religious roots.2. interdependence in personal and corporate relationships. (Low individualism)3. companies hold equity interest in each other, and often jointly own other firms. Eg. Keiretsu.4. Banks are often part of these industrial groups, there is a high degree of debt finance. Therefore, corporate managers must primary answer to banks and other financial institutions rather than shareholders.5. a strong bureaucratic control over business...
Words: 3174 - Pages: 13
...Doing business in Vietnam 2014 Page 1 of 52 Content Page Foreword Country profile Business etiquette and travel Key trends and statistics Regulatory environment Establishing a business in Vietnam Opening up to Foreign Investment Finance Business entities Labour Financial reporting and audit 3 4 8 13 17 20 23 24 26 30 33 “Welcome to our Doing Business Guide which we hope will assist you in navigating this exciting but sometime difficult environment” Ken Atkinson, Managing Partner, Grant Thornton Vietnam Grant Thornton xxxxxxxx Page 2 of 52 Foreword Vietnam is a unique country providing extensive opportunities for those willing to spend time to understand the market. Although not without its problems, Vietnam’s economy continues to expand and modernise, and with the opening up of previously restricted industries and sectors to meet WTO commitments; opportunities continue to develop. Grant Thornton Vietnam has prepared this guide to assist those interested in doing business in Vietnam. This guide does not cover the subject exhaustively. However, it is intended to answer some of the more important questions that may arise. When specific problems occur in practice, it will often be necessary to refer to the laws and regulations of Vietnam and to obtain the appropriate professional advice. This guide contains only brief notes and includes legislation in force as of 28 January 2013. We hope this guide helps you in learning about and understanding business in Vietnam...
Words: 16833 - Pages: 68
...Egypt Investment Climate • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Openness to Foreign Investment Conversion and Transfer Policies Expropriation and Compensation Dispute Settlement Performance Requirements and Incentives Right to Private Ownership and Establishment Protection of Property Rights Transparency of Regulatory System Efficient Capital Markets and Portfolio Investment Competition from State Owned Enterprises Corporate Social Responsibility Political Violence Corruption Bilateral Investment Agreements OPIC and Other Investment Insurance Programs Labor Foreign-Trade Zones/Free Ports Foreign Direct Investment Statistics Web Resources Return to top Openness to Foreign Investment Egypt has experienced profound political changes over the past year. On February 11, 2011, President Hosni Mubarak’s 30-year rule came to an end under intense popular pressure as hundreds of thousands of Egyptians converged on Tahrir Square. Transition to democratic rule has been marked by advances and challenges. Egypt has seen several prime ministers and multiple cabinet changes since the revolution, and many investors have reported that the constant shuffle and interim tenure of government officials have contributed to a difficult business environment. Nonetheless, in January 2012 Egypt seated its first parliament elected in free and fair elections, and many of the members have identified increasing foreign investment as a top priority for the government. Egypt continues to honor its pre-revolution...
Words: 12536 - Pages: 51
...Glossary Chapter 2- Money and Credit Other Depository Corporations (ODCs) The other Depository Corporations consists of all resident financial corporation’s (except the central bank) and quasi-corporations that are mainly engaged in financial intermediation and that issue liabilities included in the national definition of broad money. It includes Scheduled Banks, Development Financial Institutions (DFIs), Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) and all Depository NBFIs. Depository Corporations (DCs) Depository Corporations refers collectively to the Other Depository Corporations (ODCs) and Central Bank (CB) where Central Bank (CB) is the national financial institution that exercises control over key aspects of the financial system and caries out such activities as issuing currency, regulation money supply and credit, managing international reserves, transacting with the IMF, and providing credit to other depository corporations. Reserve Money (M0) Reserve Money is an indicator used to measure money supply in the economy and includes currency in circulation (held with Public), other deposits with State Bank of Pakistan; currency in tills of schedules bank’s and bank deposits with SBP. M0 is used to measure the most liquid assets which can be spent most easily. M0 is sometimes referred to as the monetary base. Deferred Tax Assets The amount of income taxes recoverable in foreseeable future periods in respect of: i) Deductible temporary differences ii) The carry forward of unused tax...
Words: 5717 - Pages: 23
...Doing Business in Vietnam: 2011 Country Commercial Guide for U.S. Companies INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT, U.S. & FOREIGN COMMERCIAL SERVICE AND U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, 2011. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES. • • • • • • • • • • Chapter 1: Doing Business in Vietnam Chapter 2: Political and Economic Environment Chapter 3: Selling U.S. Products and Services Chapter 4: Leading Sectors for U.S. Export and Investment Chapter 5: Trade Regulations, Customs and Standards Chapter 6: Investment Climate Chapter 7: Trade and Project Financing Chapter 8: Business Travel Chapter 9: Contacts, Market Research and Trade Events Chapter 10: Guide to Our Services Return to table of contents Chapter 1: Doing Business in Vietnam • • • • Market Overview Market Challenges Market Opportunities Market Entry Strategy Return to top Market Overview • Vietnam is a true emerging market, offering ground floor and growing opportunities for U.S. exporters and investors. Vietnam’s economic growth rate has been among the highest in the world in recent years, expanding at an average about 7.2 percent per year during the period 2001-2010, while industrial production grew at an average of about 12 percent per year during the same period. Vietnam registered GDP growth rate of 6.7 percent in 2010 and was one of only a handful of countries around the world to experience such levels of economic growth. Moving forward, inflation remains a main risk to Vietnam’s economy, which the Government...
Words: 52699 - Pages: 211
...Doing Business in Vietnam: 2009 Country Commercial Guide for U.S. Companies INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT, U.S. & FOREIGN COMMERCIAL SERVICE AND U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, 2008. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES. • • • • • • • • • • Chapter 1: Doing Business In Vietnam Chapter 2: Political and Economic Environment Chapter 3: Selling U.S. Products and Services Chapter 4: Leading Sectors for U.S. Export and Investment Chapter 5: Trade Regulations and Standards Chapter 6: Investment Climate Chapter 7: Trade and Project Financing Chapter 8: Business Travel Chapter 9: Contacts, Market Research and Trade Events Chapter 10: Guide to Our Services 3/3/2009 Return to table of contents Chapter 1: Doing Business in Vietnam • • • • Market Overview Market Challenges Market Opportunities Market Entry Strategy Market Overview Return to top • Vietnam is a true emerging market, offering ground floor and growing opportunities for U.S. exporters and investors. Vietnam’s economic growth rate has been among the highest in the world in recent years, expanding annually at 7-8.5 percent, while industrial production has been growing at around 14-15 percent per year. Vietnam’s macroeconomic challenges and the global financial crisis dampened this growth in 2008 and will continue to do so in 2009. • In response to significant macroeconomic challenges, including high inflation and a large and growing current account deficit, the...
Words: 50261 - Pages: 202
...Corporate Bond Market in the Transition Economy of Vietnam, 1990-2010 VUONG, Quan-Hoang and TRAN, Tri Dung Corporate bond appeared early in 1992-1994 in Vietnamese capital markets. However, it is still not popular to both business sector and academic circle. This paper explores different dimensions of Vietnamese corporate bond market using a unique, and perhaps, most complete dataset. State not only intervenes in the bond markets with its powerful budget and policies but also competes directly with enterprises. The dominance of SOEs and large corporations also prevents SMEs from this debt financing vehicle. Whenever a convertible term is available, bondholders are more willing to accept lower fixed income payoff. But they would not likely stick to it. On one hand, prospective bondholders could value the holdings of equity when realized favorably ex ante. On the other hand, the applicable coupon rate for such bond could turn out negative inflationadjusted payoff when tight monetary policy is exercised and the corresponding equity holding turns out valueless, ex post. Given the weak primary market and virtually nonexistent secondary market, the corporate bond market in Vietnam reflects our perception of the relationshipbased and rent-seeking behavior in the financial markets. For the corporate bonds to really work, they critically need a higher level of liquidity to become truly tradable financial assets. JEL Classifications: G32, G38, O16 Keywords: Vietnam; Corporate Bond; Interest...
Words: 17957 - Pages: 72
...GLOBAL TRANSFER PRICING SERVICES Global Transfer Pricing Review kpmg.com TAX © 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved. Contents Introduction Country Snapshots Country Overviews Glossary of Terms Find out more 2 4 10 255 256 © 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved. 2 | Global Transfer Pricing Review Introduction © 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved. Introduction | 3 As multinational companies continue to globalize their supply chains, transfer pricing is increasingly at the forefront of business transformation initiatives. Organizations recognize that transfer pricing strategies can add significant value to business projects and help fund future growth as they look to maximize efficiencies and minimize their global tax liabilities. The transfer pricing environment is constantly changing, in terms of both risks and opportunities. Multinational companies...
Words: 144636 - Pages: 579
...THE INDONESIA CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MANUAL First Edition IFC Advisory Services in Indonesia In Partnership with: THE INDONESIA CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MANUAL First Edition Jakarta, January 2014 i Disclaimer IFC, a member of the World Bank Group, creates opportunity for people to escape poverty and improve their lives. We foster sustainable economic growth in developing countries by supporting private sector development, mobilizing private capital and providing advisory services. The Indonesia Corporate Governance Manual (CG Manual) was commissioned by IFC as part of the Indonesia Corporate Governance Program that IFC is implementing in Indonesia since 2012. This manual is distributed with the understanding that neither the authors, nor the organizations, countries they represent, nor the publisher are engaged in rendering legal or financial advice. The material in this Manual is set out in good faith for general guidance, and no liability can be accepted for any possible loss or expense in incurred as a result of relying on the information contained herein. This publication is not intended to be exhaustive. It should not be relied upon as a basis for formulating business decisions. On all financial issues and questions, an accountant, auditor, or other financial specialist should be consulted. A lawyer should be consulted on all legal issues and questions. As the laws in the Republic of Indonesia are constantly changing, legal rules referred...
Words: 131549 - Pages: 527
...provides scientific and technical support for the conception, development, implementation and monitoring of community policies related to energy. Special emphasis is given to the security of energy supply and to sustainable and safe energy production. European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute for Energy Contact information Address: Via Enrico Fermi 2749 TP 450 21027 Ispra (VA) Italy E-mail: arnulf.jaeger-waldau@ec.europa.eu Tel.: +39 0332 789119 Fax: +39 0332 789268 http://ie.jrc.ec.europa.eu www.jrc.ec.europa.eu PV Status Report 2011 Research, Solar Cell Production and Market Implementation of Photovoltaics July 2011 Arnulf Jäger-Waldau European Commission, DG Joint Research Centre, Institute for Energy, Renewable Energy Unit Via Enrico Fermi 2749; TP 450 I – 21027 Ispra (VA), Italia EUR 24807 EN Legal notice Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use, which might be made of the following information. The report does not represent any official position of the European Commission, nor do its contents prejudge any future Commission proposals in any areas of Community policy. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa.eu/ JRC 64900 EUR 24807 EN ISBN 978-92-79-20171-4 ISSN 1831-4155 doi 10.2788/87966 The report is online available at: http://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/refsys/ Luxembourg:...
Words: 62002 - Pages: 249
...contents Vision/Mission/Core Values Notice of 54th Annual General Meeting Corporate Pro le Board of Directors’ Pro le Board of Directors’ Committees Directors’ Report Attendance of Directors Review Report on Statement of Compliance Statement of Compliance Pattern of Shareholding Categories of Shareholders Six-Year Summary Auditors’ Report to the Members on Unconsolidated Financial Statements Unconsolidated Financial Statements Auditors’ Report to the Members on Consolidated Financial Statements Consolidated Financial Statements Form of Proxy 93 95 35 37 02 04 06 07 14 16 25 26 27 29 31 32 committed to By enforcing excellent service, security and comfort PIA takes the time to nurture trust within its flyers. It is this very reason today that PIA is Pakistan’s favourite airline success annual general meeting Notice is hereby given that 54th Annual General Meeting of the Shareholders of Pakistan International Airlines Corporation will be held at 10:00 A.M. on Saturday, April 30, 2011 at Pearl Continental Hotel, Club Road, Karachi to transact the following business: 1. 2. 3. To receive and adopt the Audited Accounts for the Financial Year ended December 31, 2010 together with the Auditors’ and Directors’ Reports. To elect two Directors against vacancies as required under Sections 6 and 7 of PIAC Act 1956 in place of Mr Mubashir Iftikhar and Malik Nazir Ahmed who have completed their term of of ce of Directors. To transact any other business with the permission of the...
Words: 64886 - Pages: 260
...ACN Anti-Corruption Network for Eastern Europe and Central Asia Ethics Training for Public Officials A study prepared by the OECD Anti-Corruption Network for Eastern Europe and Central Asia (ACN) and SIGMA, a joint EU-OECD initiative, principally financed by the EU, in co-operation with the OECD Public Sector Integrity Network March 2013 ACN Anti-Corruption Network for Eastern Europe and Central Asia ETHICS TRAINING FOR PUBLIC OFFICIALS A study prepared by the OECD Anti-Corruption Network for Eastern Europe and Central Asia (ACN) and SIGMA, a joint EU-OECD initiative, principally financed by the EU, in co-operation with the OECD Public Sector Integrity Network This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the OECD and its Member countries or of the beneficiary countries participating in the SIGMA Programme. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. The OECD Anti-Corruption Network for Eastern and Central Europe The Anti-Corruption Network (ACN) is a regional outreach programme of the OECD Working Group on Bribery. The ACN is open to countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The main counterparts are...
Words: 31902 - Pages: 128
