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Motivation

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УДК 37.012.85 ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПОДДЕРЖКА В ПРЕОДОЛЕНИИ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНЫХ БАРЬЕРОВ КАК СРЕДСТВО ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНЫХ МОТИВОВ УЧЕНИЯ СТУДЕНТОВ

Нина Юрьевна Ожгибесова, старший преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков №2,
Сургутский государственный университет (СурГУ),
Сургут
Аннотация
В статье описывается использование педагогической поддержки как одного из педагогических условий формирования интеллектуальных мотивов учения студентов. Педагогическая поддержка заключается в преодолении интеллектуальных барьеров, с которыми сталкиваются студенты, направлена на достижение успеха, поощрение активности, что способствует формированию у студентов таких качеств как самостоятельность, активность, самоорганизованность.
Ключевые слова: интеллектуальные мотивы учения, педагогическая поддержка, интеллектуальные барьеры, самостоятельность, активность.

PEDAGOGICAL SUPPORT IN GETTING OVER THE INTELLECTUAL BARRIERS AS A MEANS OF FORMATION OF INTELLECTUAL STUDY MOTIVES OF STUDENTS Nina Ozhgibesova, senior teacher,
Department of foreign languages №2, Surgut State Universit
Surgut
Annotation
The article is devoted to the usage of pedagogical support as a means of pedagogical conditions of formation of intellectual study motives. The pedagogical support includes teacher’s help in intellectual barriers of students, in reaching success, in stimulating cognitive activity. It furthers the formation of students’ self-dependence, activity and self-organization.
Key words: intellectual study motives, pedagogical support, intellectual barriers, pedagogical process, intellectual activity, self-dependence, activity.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ
Современное общество вступило в такой период своего развития, когда произошло не осознаваемое многими переосмысление приоритетов в общей направленности мотиваций личности. Направленность «совершенствуй себя, чтобы быть полезным членом общества» сменилась на ориентацию под девизом: «совершенствуй себя, чтобы быть успешным в обществе». В этой ситуации назрела необходимость объединения усилий педагогов, психологов и других специалистов в создании условий для успешности обучающихся на различных ступенях образования, которая в педагогическом аспекте понимается как качество, присущее личности, достигнувшей успеха в процессе воспитания и обучения.
Теоретическое и инструментальное представление о педагогической поддержке (Н.Н.Михайловой, С.М. Юсфина, Е.А.Александровой и др.) на современном этапе раскрывается с позиции цели и деятельности, реализации принципа самоценности, самоопределения [5].
Педагогическая поддержка в этом смысле предстает как многоаспектный феномен: - это особая сфера педагогической деятельности, направленная на становление индивида как индивидуальности; - способ организации взаимодействия педагога и обучаемого, совместное проектирование выхода из создавшихся проблем; - это принцип действия в педагогическом процессе в соответствии с реальными и потенциальными возможностями личности; - это форма построения отношений, где педагог занимает адекватные позиции; это помощь в обретении тех точек опоры, на которых он может строить отношения с другими и т.д. [5; 60]
МЕТОДИКА
Мы рассматриваем педагогическую поддержку как то, что удерживает проблемное поле в обучении и одновременно создает условия для успешного преодоления возникающих проблем, препятствий, которые используются как: - «полигон» для развития субьектных способностей (рефлексии) студентов; - механизм выхода за ситуацию; - содержание анализа причинно-следственных связей (ядро проблемы); проектирование деятельности; - условие целенаправленной и активной деятельности по преодолению сложившейся ситуации и выхода в управляющую позицию в отношении самого себя в проблеме [3].
Это позволяет нам использовать педагогическую поддержку как то, что сопровождает процесс формирования интеллектуальных мотивов учения. В этом заложена мысль о том, что в формировании интеллектуальных мотивов учения работа чаще всего затруднена тем, что сама отражательная природа познавательной деятельности проявляется противоречиво и слабо.
Осуществляемый студентами процесс постижения сущности явлений окружающей действительности, заключается в сложно выраженном характере противоречивого отражения этой действительности. Это выражается в том, что в мышлении студентов происходит особенно ярко выраженная борьба между двумя противоположными тенденциями - к сохранению, фиксированию знаний и одновременной их модификации. Отсюда возникает проблема: как достичь того, чтобы уметь мыслить в соответствии с правилам и рекомендациями и как студенты могли бы отмежевываться достаточно быстро от этих правил, беря на вооружение новые ориентиры своей умственной деятельности.
Педагог должен знать, какие барьеры в интеллектуальной деятельности испытывает студент: учебно-воспитательный барьер между чувственными и логическими элементами познания. Речь идет о соотношении несистематизированных знаний со знаниями вполне упорядоченными; учебно-познавательный барьер между систематизацией и динамизацией знаний, т.е. сочетание динамичности и систематичности ведет к рациональному стилю умственной деятельности, но их несочетание приводит к шаблонному характеру мышления; учебно-познаватальный барьер между различными уровнями систематизации знаний. Неумение дифференцировать и правильно соотносить между собой ранее выработанные системы знаний; учебно-познавательный барьер между барьером неоднократный барьер, когда происходит борьба мотивов между правильным и ошибочным подходом к изучению какой-либо проблемы [4; 48].
Учитывая наличие этих барьеров, педагог должен наметить пути раскрытия той ориентировочной деятельности, которая обеспечит в конечном итоге решение достаточно сложных задач, что характеризует наличие или возникновение интеллектуального мотива при условии постоянного контроля за продвижением в преодолении указанных барьеров.
С другой стороны, педагогическая поддержка оказывается тогда, когда речь идет о таком личностном качестве как самооценка понимаемая как некий диспетчерский центр личности, где заложены представления о целях и способах их достижения и куда непрерывно поступает информация. Это механизм поддержания целостности. Активность личности связана с самооценкой. Низкая самооценка препятствует целенаправленной стабильности и активности. Одновременно высокая активность, приводящая к хорошей продуктивности, может влиять на самооценку в направлении ее увеличения. Происходит это через мнение группы, опосредованно, при возможности показать свое "Я" в хорошем смысле слова [1], [2].
Чтобы активность проявлялась, необходимо эту активность поощрять и способствовать уверенности в успехе. Чтобы успех был надежным, следует создавать такие условия, чтобы "радость познания" базировалась на "ситуации успеха". Здесь важно разделить понятия: "успех" и "ситуация успеха". Ситуация - это сочетание условий, которые обеспечивают успех, а сам успех - результат подобной ситуации. Ситуация - это то, что способен организовать педагог: переживание же радости, успеха, - нечто более субъективное, скрытое в значительной мере взгляду со стороны. Задача преподавателя в том и состоит чтобы дать каждому студенту возможность пережить радость достижения, осознать свои возможности, поверить в себя.
Успех может быть кратковременным, частым и длительным, сиюминутным, устойчивым, значительным. Все зависит от того, как ситуация успеха закреплена, что лежит в ее основе.
Важно иметь в виду, что даже разовое переживание успеха может коренным образом изменить психологическое самочувствие студента, резко изменить ритм и стиль его деятельности, стремление к знаниям.
Успех в учении - единственный источник внутренних сил, которые рождают энергию для преодоления трудностей, желание и стремление к познанию. Успех - понятие неоднозначное, сложное, имеет разную трактовку. С социально-психологической точки зрения оптимальное соотношение между ожиданиями окружающих, личности и результатами ее деятельности. Разумеется, и сама личность несет в себе различные ожидания по отношению к окружающим. В тех случаях, когда ожидания личности совпадают или превосходят ожидания окружающих, значимых для личности, можно говорить об успехе.
С педагогической точки зрения ситуация успеха - это такое целенаправленное, организованное сочетание условий, при которых создается возможность достичь значительных: результатов в деятельности как отдельно взятой личности, так и коллектива в целом. Важно подчеркнуть, что в педагогическом смысле это результат продуманной, подготовленной стратегии, тактики педагога.
Тактика и стратегия создания ситуации успеха состоит в том педагогическом алгоритме, который способен обеспечить стремящие к успеху, формирует состояние уверенности, защищенности.
ВЫВОДЫ
В качестве вывода отметим, что главным условием для самореализации личности является определение того, что ей больше всего "подходит". А для этого следует выделить такие качества как самостоятельность, активность, самоорганизованность, личностная независимость, выражающие степень развития личности студента как саморегулирующейся системы и одновременно степень самореализации личности, оценивая их через призму внутренней свободы, индивидуальных способностей и особенностей личности.
ЛИТЕРАТУРА

1. Белкин A.С. Основы возрастной педагогики.: М. Просвещение,1993 2. Белкин А. С. Ситуация успеха: кн. для учителей. Екатеринбург, 1997. 3. Газман О.С.Неклассическое воспитание. От авторитарной педагогики к педагогике свободы. – М., 2002 4. Качалова Л.П. Педагогические условия воспитания интеллектуальных мотивов учения у студентов педвуза. Дис.канд.пед.наук. Екатеринбург, 1995. 178с. – С.48. 5. Педагогическая поддержка ребенка в образовании: учеб.пособие для студ.высш.учеб.заведений /Н.Н.Михайлова, С.М.Юсфин, Е.А.Александрова и др. /под ред. В.А.Сластенина, И.А.Колесниковой /науч. Ред. Н.Б.Крылова. – М. Издательский центр «Академия», 2006. –288с. С.60.

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...Motivation Plan LDR 531 Nelson Garcia Soto December 23, 2013 Denna Atkinson “Motivation is the processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal” (Robbins and Judge, 2013, p 202). An effective leader motivates his or her followers or subordinates to perform. Leaders encourage other to be moved by something. The degree of motivation and the type of motivation are both important. The degree of motivation is how much is someone motivated and the type of motivation concerns with what brings that motivation. Both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation are mentioned as catalysts of the explained behavior. Several theories of motivation try to explain the concept and its origins. The purpose of this paper is to explain key ideas of some of the theories as they relate to a team of six members and a mentor who is in a leadership position. The DISC assessment tool will be used to compare and contrast the individuals of the team based on their personalities. Both extrinsic and intrinsic motivators exist. Extrinsic motivation means doing something that leads to a separable outcome and intrinsic motivation means doing something because it is inherently interesting or enjoyable (Ryan and Deci, 2000). In consequence, the behaviors portrayed are different. Intrinsic motivation comes natural and is even associated with behaviors since one is a child....

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Motivation

...Motivation is the process that accounts for an individual’s intensity, direction and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal. External factors that stimulate desire an energy in people to be continually interested and committed to a job that is getting people to do things by rewarding them. Example of motivation is if teachers inform the class that whoever out of the students get the highest mark she would reward them with a toy or something that interest the students, which the students would be happy to receive that would motivate them to do their work. There are a number of different views as to what motivates workers. Fredrick Taylor put forward the idea that are motivated mainly by pay. His theory of Scientific Management argued that workers naturally do not enjoy work and close supervision is necessary. Taking this theory into consideration, managers should train workers and provide appropriate tools to get a general idea of the interest of each worker to give item or set a particular task that they would be qualified or interested in doing, which would help with producing of products to increase profits. Workers are then paid according to the number of items they produce, as a result workers will be encouraged to work hard and maximize their productivity. Taylor’s theory also makes you consider the self-determination theory, then is where people prefer to feel they have control over their actions, so anything that makes a previously enjoyed task feel...

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Motivation

...Education Charles Kurose September 2013 MOTIVATION, BEHAVIOR, AND PERFORMANCE IN THE WORKPLACE I. INTRODUCTION Motivation is a subject that has long interested researchers and practitioners seeking to understand human behavior and performance. Over the course of the 20th century and into the new millennium, scholars have developed sweeping theories and have amassed large bodies of applied research investigating motivation across a variety of settings. Motivation has been studied in schools, the workplace, government, and athletic competitions, to name but a few contexts. It has been studied at the level of the individual, the group, and the organization. Some motivation researchers have employed cognitive models, which emphasize the role of thought processes in determining motivation and behavior, while other researchers have adopted non-cognitive paradigms, which focus on factors such as personality traits, affective states, and environmental determinants. This paper focuses specifically on research about motivation and behavior in the workplace. It discusses motivation theory, which has broad applicability across contexts, as well as the empirical research conducted in workplace contexts. In reviewing this literature, particular emphasis is placed on research about motivation and behavior as they relate to individual performance. A central aim of motivation research is to explicate the complex relationships that exist among motivation, behavior, and performance—such knowledge...

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Motivation

...Final Report MGT321 (Organizational Behavior) Section: 10 Chapter: 06 Motivation Concepts Prepared By: Prepared For: 1. Nusrat Sababa Shamma ID: 083425030 Md Mujibul Hoque ………………………………. 2. Nazratun Sururan Shahrin ID: 0910029030 Faculty of ………………………………. School of Business 3. Jesmin Jerin ID: 0910036030 ………………………………. 4. Badrun Nahar ID: 0910150030 ……………………………….. Students of School of Business North South University August 8th, 2010 Md. Mujibul Hoque (MJB) Faculty: School of Business North South University Subject: Submission of a report. Dear Sir, With due regards and respect we state that we are very thankful to you as you assigned us this report on ‘‘Motivation Concepts”. It is a great opportunity for us to acquire theoretical and practical knowledge about motivation concepts of the garments sector of Bangladesh. We have tried our best to gather what we believe to be the most complete information available. Your kind acceptance and any type of appreciation would surely inspire us. We would always be available and ready to explain further any of the context of the whenever asked. Sincerely yours, Nusrat Sababa Shamma ...

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Motivation

...~Motivation is a theoretical construct used to explain behavior. It represents the reasons for people's actions, desires, and needs. Motivation can also be defined as one's direction to behavior or what causes a person to want to repeat a behavior and vice versa. A motive is what prompts the person to act in a certain way or at least develop an inclination for specific behavior. For example, when someone eats food to satisfy the need of hunger, or when a student does his/her work in school because they want a good grade. Both show a similar connection between what we do and why we do it. According to Maher and Meyer, "Motivation is a word that is part of the popular culture as few other psychological concepts are". Motivation is a complex phenomenon. Several theories attempt to explain how motivation works. In management circles, probably the most popular explanations of motivation are based on the needs of the individual. The basic needs model, referred to as content theory of motivation, highlights the specific factors that motivate an individual. Although these factors are found within an individual, things outside the individual can affect him or her as well. In short, all people have needs that they want satisfied. Some are primary needs, such as those for food, sleep, and water needs that deal with the physical aspects of behavior and are considered unlearned. These needs are biological in nature and relatively stable. Their influences on behavior are usually obvious and...

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