...Audio Recording Convergence and the Digital Age Final Project Abstract With information technology advancements and a more computer savvy world, the audio recording medium and digital medium have merged, changing the sound recording industry forever. This convergence has blurred the line between professional and amateur sound recordings. Technology has made new products smaller, feature rich and more affordable where anyone can record their music and offer it on the web for the whole world to enjoy. This medium convergence has closed the gap between musicians and listeners and brought forth a famine in the recording industry, which in turn, has brought new opportunities to the dying market. What does this mean to us? In short terms, with new digital formatting software available to anyone, the compression of music waves, and the technological advances, the recording industry is struggling to stay afloat. This statement is pretty remarkable, being that the world’s leading recording engineers are having difficulties keeping business alive with the evolution of technology. It is evident, recording engineers need to step backwards to differentiate themselves and find better innovative ways to keep the recording business profitable. This transformation in the world of recording, is affecting all of us as both consumers and producers of audio content. The following research paper discusses these convergence changes with a short look into the...
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...Downloading in the digital age In the past decade CD sales have drop where there has been a rapid growth in the download of a signal song or album. The question at hand is what has made the change come along so fast? Could it be the fact that people use there iPod, mp3 player, or phone? What was the kick starter in the digital age ? The start of downloading music came along with Napster. Shawn Fanning was a freshman in Northeastern University in 1999, and he decided to create Napster which, was a piece of software that would let people share their mp3 files that where hard to find. This didn’t cost the user anything to use it. In Dec 1999 the legal battles began with Napster vs. the recording Industry Association of America, Metallica, and many others. The lawsuit that came about was based on infringing upon copyright laws. The legal battle came to an end in September 2001, and Napster was changed forever; with artists having final say over which songs could be shared on the platform. Napster wasn’t the end of the peer to peer networking of sharing music between users on the internet. There was Kazza thatsers could use. This came at a cost because, it was load with adware, spyware, and let’s not forget about the illegal downloading of something you don’t own. Even if you installed Kazza the spyware and, adware was still there. Kazza was shut down dew to copyright infringement. There are still programs out there that let user download music like Limewire...
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...Garrett 1 Instructor Barb Gerber WRA 150 5 October 2011 The IPods Impact on Society “Design is not just what it looks and feels like. Design is how it works.” (Issacson). This is a famous quote by Steve Jobs. The project was a secret. Other then Steve Jobs and a few other apple executives nobody knew what it was. The code name was P-68 (Knopper). The IPod was introduced to the public in 2001. At first, it was only compatible with Mac computers, but two years later, the iPod could be used with any type of computer. This caused sales to skyrocket! Steve Jobs worked with apple inc. to come up with the IPod. Although Apple was not the first to come up with the idea of an mp3 player, no other mp3 player has ever been as big of a hit. Sony and a few other companies had come up with digital music players a few years prior, but their versions were more expensive and could not hold nearly the amount of songs as the IPod could. The IPod was the first mp3 player to really succeed because people loved the idea. Not only was the IPod a convenient way to store music, It was a social and fashion statement. The IPod changed everything about society. Think about how technology, fashion, and the Internet have changed since the IPod. The ads were genius, making the Garrett 2 IPod an irresistible necessity. Marketing caused the IPod to be “cool” and every one wanted one. The IPod has changed society in more ways then anyone could have imagined, but not all of the changes are positive...
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...William & Mary Law Review Volume 45 | Issue 4 Article 5 A Pattern-Oriented Approach to Fair Use Michael J. Madison Repository Citation Michael J. Madison, A Pattern-Oriented Approach to Fair Use, 45 Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 1525 (2004), http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr/vol45/iss4/5 Copyright c 2004 by the authors. This article is brought to you by the William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository. http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr A PATTERN-ORIENTED APPROACH TO FAIR USE MICHAEL J. MADISON* ABSTRACT More than 150 years into development of the doctrineof "fairuse" in American copyright law, there is no end to legislative,judicial, and academic efforts to rationalizethe doctrine. Its codification in the 1976 CopyrightAct appearsto have contributedto its fragmentation, rather than to its coherence. As did much of copyright law, fair use originated as a judicially unacknowledged effort via the law to validate certain favored practicesand patterns.In the main, it has continued to be applied as such, though too often courts mask their implicit validation of these patterns in the now-conventional "caseby-case" application of the statutoryfair use "factors"to the defendant's use of the copyrighted work in question. A more explicit acknowledgment of the role of these patterns in fair use analysis would be consistent with fair use, copyright policy, and tradition. Importantly, such an acknowledgment would help to bridge the often difficult conceptual gap between fair use...
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...growth. The product that I have in mind to reposition is the MP3 player device. Apple already has MP3 players that have been very successful due to the increase in technology. Their products have ranged from 60 GB color screen iPods to the lower gig shuffle without a screen. These Mp3 players were great in their time however; due to an increase in technology, Americans wanted a gadget that was an all in one. This is where the popularity of iPhones, Androids, and other smart phones saturated the market. Users no longer prefer to carry around a MP3 device when they have newer more technical savvy gadgets. For example, the smart phone has given its consumer base the ability to have the same MP3 capabilities, internet usage, games options and more in one device. There is no longer a need to have stand-alone devices for different uses. In order to acquire the same concept as Apple I will need to thoroughly study my competitors target market approach. For instance, Sony and Samsung actually never reached the level of success that Apple has with their iPods, one reason being is that they did not analyze their pricing data to determine what target market would work best for them. Instead, they choose the same segmentation as Apple. Statistics show that Apple and their iPods dominate the MP3 player market with a 70% selling advantage over other MP3 player manufacturers (Rollins, 2011). Consumer lifestyles MP3 PLAYER REASSESSMENT have been geared towards the technology...
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...I believe software piracy is so wide-spread because of the easy method for sharing this software world-wide through the internet. With peer-to-peer sharing through torrent sites a person can share software with the world. Without the ability to share software on the internet piracy would be much less pervasive. I have heard some people make the excuse for using pirated software on the exorbitant profits that companies like Microsoft are generating due to overpriced software. Years ago there was an outcry that Microsoft should give a discount when a person purchased multiple copies. In response, Microsoft did finally offer a discounted Family Pak for their OS and Office. I also believe the conversion to digital formats like eBooks and mp3’s has made it easier to pirate these types of products. What are your innovative ideas to reduce this problem? This is a battle that I feel the software industry is losing although they have put up a fight. We have seen torrent sites shut down, individuals jailed, and people fined and yet pirating only seems to grow. Popular sites like isohunt and Demonoid which were shut down by the MPAA have resurrected their torrent site in different countries. Over the years the software industry has tried numerous methods including serial numbers, activation, and more recently online activation and authentication as Microsoft started with the new Office 2013, but it seems hackers continue to find methods to go around these protections. I think...
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...While physical distribution is an asset for Amazon, it is also trying to be a dominant player in the digital distribution of content. Do you think this is a good strategy? Why? Why not? Nowadays we can see a fast development of distribution channels and intake of digital content. We have entered a new period of IT technologies where digital information is playing one of the leading roles together with internet, computer technologies, mobile telephony and evolution of mobile devices. The demand of entertainment and informational content (electronic books, social networks, music, games and video media) spreads through the countries together with mobile devices and PC distribution and becomes more and more vital. You can daily feel its influence on yourself as well. Being a modern person you want to be always available and “keep one's eye on the ball”. Internet became a “must” access resource towards information. We use our mobile phone not only for the voice communication but also as an access to different digital contents (music, video, e-books just to read and for studies, etc.) and social networks (to connect friends and colleagues). To have a better understanding let’s see a J’son & Partners Consulting brief overview on digital media content market, sales via internet and other remote communication channels (distribution via physical devices have not been considered). According to J’son & Partners Consulting research key global digital content market...
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...Sound Recorder for Windows (Freeware) Audacity MP3 Recorder is used to record audio through a computer’s sound card into an audio format file. [pic] FOR AP EXAMS, ONLY MP3 RECORDING FORMAT IS ACCEPTABLE. Operating Instructions for proctors: (Proctor should announce instructions - in blue colored text - to the candidates) 1. Double click the Audacity Recorder icon (headphones) on your Windows Desktop or from START>PROGRAMS menu: [pic] This will display the recorder screen as shown here: [pic] 2. Put on your headset or microphone to the most advantageous position in order to achieve a good recording level. 3. Click the [pic] (Record button) on the tool menu and read the following sentence: “This is a test recording. Testing microphone 123.” 4. Click the [pic] (Stop button) to stop the test recording. 5. Click the [pic] (Play button) to replay this test recording. If this test recording was clearly audible, then you are all set to record your responses. If not, raise your hand for help in troubleshooting (see steps at end of this document) Once the Record button is clicked again, it will begin recording the real test responses. DO NOT click the Stop button until all the test responses are recorded. One continuous MP3 file must be created to record the responses. Stopping in between will create more than one file or overwrite the existing one. If ready to begin the test recording, go to the next step. 6. Click “x” on the...
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...title. I won't presume to think this is everything. There is bound to be a few of somebody's personal favorites omitted (especially newer stuff). You should, however, find a ton of good stuff in here and not much you will hate, unless you suck of course! ;-) Why did I share this? I'm sick of seeing these so-called "Greatest ### Songs of all time" torrents that really seemed to be filled with schlock. Again, it's subjective, but when you've got 500 songs, it's hard to justify leaving certain all time classics out. What is it? This is stuff from my personal collection. I normalized the volume of this pack (to 93 Db) so you won't have dead quiet levels on one song and then ear shattering loudness on the next track. All are .mp3 format. Most (95%) are high bit rates, 192 to 320, with a few scattered 160 and the very rare (like 5 or so) 128 bitrate songs. I separated them into 3 categories of: Rock, Lite Rock and Hard Rock. This may not be perfect either, so sue me… Why 645 songs? Why not 500? ...or 734? This torrent, at 4.37GB, just barely fits on one DVD. I suppose I could have re-encoded everything to 192, but hey, I'm lazy. You're lucky I bothered to segregate these songs from my collection and share them! So… 645 it is! Seeding/connection: I will share this until seeded, but after that, you folks are essentially on your own. My connection isn't the greatest (~50 or so kbps upload), so this will take a few days to seed. (afterwards, I want my...
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...Napster & MP3: Redefining The Music Industry Introduction Napster was the first, very innovative music technology application that allowed users to download MP3 from the internet and other peers for free, or at a cost. Napster strongly adapted the word sharing and put it their own terms to avoid any copyright infringement but it ended badly on their part. This disruptive technology was leading the market and had over 60 million users by 2001. Although very similar technologies were soon after developed, Napster was still on top and lead the market. Many users knew exactly what they wanted but getting it seemed to be the difficult part once Napster and the RIAA went into a legal battle. More commonly, the industry has been shaped from Napster and the base product that has been derived. Napster may have been a failure to the industry but it shaped the industry for the future from 2001 until present and for years to come. 1. What is Napster’s business model? Being as though Napster was the first to market with their music search engine for MP3 files, they successfully managed to set up an online community where users could download these files. Napster had its market segments and was targeting the college and high school demographic, as described in the case study. The main objective was to give users the opportunity to listen to the songs before they wanted to go ahead and purchase them. During the dot.com boom, when Napster was created, it seemed as though the developers...
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...HMV Group (http://www.hmvgroup.com/answers/our-businesses.aspx) Business What are the products you sell and who are your customers? HMV is one of the world’s leading retailers of entertainment products, with a fast-growing live and ticketing division. The HMV brand is synonymous with range authority, expertise, customer service and the most stimulating environments in which to buy and experience entertainment. Our typical customers are enthusiasts, who view each purchase as a high priority. HMV shares the passion of its most loyal customers, and also successfully caters to casual browsers and live music-goers. How many stores do you have? HMV operates from over 200 stores, predominantly in the UK, and a portfolio of over 15 live entertainment venues and festivals How many people are employed by HMV? Approximately 6,500 Why do consumers shop at HMV? Faced by infinite choice, customers look to trusted brands to guide them. HMV has established a reputation for unbeatable product range, stimulating environments in which to buy and experience entertainment, enthusiastic knowledgeable staff and value for money. Continuing innovation has enabled us to combine a strong heritage with contemporary appeal, and we intend to keep the brand and it all stands for fresh for our customers. Markets What impact is digital piracy having on the HMV business? The illegal downloading market has undoubtedly adversely affected the physical music market, whilst constraining the growth...
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...industry got transformed overnight with the invention of the MP3 format compression technology and the introduction of the Internet file sharing services like Napster, Gnutella, and Scour thus seeing the major music labels taking almost anyone that is into digital music to court. The potential fear that led to the court actions center on how the music labels can possibly make any money if music becomes available in digital format for free. The question therefore is that if music is available free of cost, why would anyone pay for it? Could Napster conveniently say that it is indeed the first technology development to provide access to music content for free? Purpose of Study: This paper establishes the following: the industry conditions that led to the revolution in audio distribution while identifying which stakeholders are benefiting most or least; the reasons that made the music stores to attract many subscribers and what if any the record labels should have done differently; determine, if Apple allows its iPods to play non-iTunes songs, how long the success of iPods and iTunes endures; why musicians should sign away their copyright privileges to their songs through creative commons; and how podcasting would likely impact the appropriability of recorded music, radio broadcasting or other types of audio transmission. Overview of the Paper In 1991, Fraunhofer IIS of Germany invented the MP3 format. The MP3 format as stated by Shilling (2010) is an innovative algorithm...
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...In this article, Mr. Spanbauer explains how computers and the web are dramatically changing the way we access and pay for entertainment. He compares this dawning digital revolution to the earlier 20th century revolution of film, radio, and television. As more and more technology becomes readily available, computer users are realizing that for the right price and with the right equipment, digital entertainment is becoming readily available from the comfort of their own homes. Since the Internet is not bound by any physical boundaries, it is quite possible that in the very near future, entertainment systems will link the Internet with televisions, stereos, PCs, and other mobile handheld devices. According to Spanbauer, the only real obstacles in the expansion of this new digital revolution are the book publishers, movie studios, and record labels who are afraid that this new method of entertainment will eventually put them out of business. Now it is possible to download music files from Web sites, Usenet newsgroups, Napster, FTP servers, and other sources. At the time this article was published, users were able to download music files from Napster at no charge, rewrite them to audio CDs, and transfer them to handheld digital audio players or play them on their PC. As a result, the recording industry trade group claimed that these practices were hurting their sales and were able to get the courts to intervene on their behalf. Just in the last few months, Napster has begun...
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...Struggling to Make the Best Buy Struggling to Make the Best Buy • Describe Ashley’s dilemma in this case. Ashley’s dilemma is to make the right decision out of the set of alternatives lying in front of her. Since her boyfriend lost his MP3 player a month before his birthday the choice for the perfect gift for his birthday was clear.i.e.MP3 player. But the choice of buying the right MP3 player for her boyfriend is not a recurring decision. She has never bought a MP3 player for her boyfriend so she has no experience whatsoever. She is not tech savvy and doesn’t understand the features and the functions of a MP3 player. Hence, she decides to get some help from Kade’s best friend who she figured would have an idea of his taste and preferences. She also tried to seek the advice from the store salesman who had knowledge about the players leaving her with the option of opting for either of the two. • What steps are required Ashley, leading up to her final decision? How does Ashley prioritize which information is more important and relevant to her purchase? What are her alternatives? The steps that’ll lead her to the final purchase decision begins with the information search for a small mp3 player in the price range of $40 to $60. Since the source of information available to her is external and not her own knowledge or experience with the product, she needs to evaluate the two alternatives suitably. The two alternatives are:- 1. Creative Zen Stone Plus which costs $59.99 and...
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...Struggling to Make the Best Buy • Describe Ashley’s dilemma in this case. Ashley’s dilemma is to make the right decision out of the set of alternatives lying in front of her. Since her boyfriend lost his MP3 player a month before his birthday the choice for the perfect gift for his birthday was clear.i.e.MP3 player. But the choice of buying the right MP3 player for her boyfriend is not a recurring decision. She has never bought a MP3 player for her boyfriend so she has no experience whatsoever. She is not tech savvy and doesn’t understand the features and the functions of a MP3 player. Hence, she decides to get some help from Kade’s best friend who she figured would have an idea of his taste and preferences. She also tried to seek the advice from the store salesman who had knowledge about the players leaving her with the option of opting for either of the two. • What steps are required Ashley, leading up to her final decision? How does Ashley prioritize which information is more important and relevant to her purchase? What are her alternatives? The steps that’ll lead her to the final purchase decision begins with the information search for a small mp3 player in the price range of $40 to $60. Since the source of information available to her is external and not her own knowledge or experience with the product, she needs to evaluate the two alternatives suitably. The two alternatives are:- 1. Creative Zen Stone Plus which costs $59.99 and is recommended by her boyfriend’s...
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