Harvard Referencing Tool

Summarising
If you are summarising the overall argument or position of a book or article then you only need to insert the author’s name and year of publication, you do not need to put page numbers in the text or in the reference list.

Paraphrasing
If you are paraphrasing a specific point from your source you should include page numbers in the text, as well as the author’s name and year. This makes it easier for your reader to find the information being referred to.

Reference order: Books
1. Editor(s) followed by (ed.) or (eds.) (surname or family name before initials)
2. Year of publication (in round brackets)
3. Title (in italics)
4. Edition (only include the edition number if it is not the first edition)
5. Place of publication: Publisher
6. Series and volume number (where relevant)
Spencer, J. (ed.) (2007) School management and finance opportunities and problems. London: Ford Publishers. Financial Education Series, 23.
Reference order: Quoting From A Book
1. Author of play (surname or family name before initials)
2. Year of publication (in round brackets)
3. Title (in italics)
4. Edition (only include the edition number if it is not the first edition)
5. Edition information if relevant eg Edited by (surname followed by initials)
6. Place of publication: Publisher
7. Act. Scene: line
“I prithee do not mock me fellow student” (Shakespeare, 1980, 1.2:177).

Reference order: E-book
1. Author(s) / editor(s) (surname or family name before initials)
2. Year of publication (in round brackets)
(use the publication date of the version being used)
3. Title of book (in italics)
4. Edition (only include the edition number if it is not the first edition)
5. E book format (Kindle format, ePub format,
Adobe ebook format etc)
6. [e-book reader]
7. Available at: URL
8. (Accessed: date)
Forsyth, M (2011) The etymologicon: a circular stroll through the hidden connections of the English language. Kindle format [e-book reader]. Available at: http:www.amazon.co.uk (Accessed: 20 January 2012)

Reference order: Printed Newspaper
Where the author of a newspaper article is identified, use the following citation order:
1. Author (surname or family name before initials)
2. Year of publication (in round brackets)
3. Title of article (in single quotation marks)
4. Title of newspaper (in italics – capitalise first letter of each word in title, except for linking words such as and, of, the, for)
5. Edition if required (in round brackets)
6. Day and month
7. Page reference
Treanor, J. (2010) ‘Goldman Sachs handed record $550m fine over Abacus transaction’, The Guardian, 16 July, p. 25.

Reference order: Websites With No Authors
1. Title of Internet site (in italics)
2. Year that the site was published/last updated
(in round brackets)
3. Available at: URL
4. (Accessed: date)
Online Abertillery (2010) Available at: http://www.abertillery.net/tales_ghost.html (Accessed: 19 July 2010).

Reference order: Websites With Organisations As Authors
1. Organisation as author
2. Year that the site was published/last updated
(in round brackets)
3. Title of Internet site (in italics)
4. Available at: URL
5. (Accessed: date)
Reference order: Website With Individual Authors
1. Author (surname or family name before initials)
2. Year that the site was published/last updated (in round brackets)
3. Title of Internet site (in italics)
4. Available at: URL
5. (Accessed: date)
Chandler, D. (2001) Semiotics for beginners. Available at: http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/S4B/sem02.html (Accessed: 26 July 2010).