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THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT IN NIGERIA HAS NOT DONE ENOUGH FOR PEOPLE WITH SPECIAL NEEDS IN NIGERIA

INTRODUCTION

Special needs may be referred to a term used in clinical diagnostic and functional development to describe individuals who require assistance for disabilities that may be medical, mental, or psychological. Types of special needs vary in severity. People with autism, Down syndrome, dyslexia, blindness, ADHD, or cystic fibrosis, for example, may be considered to have special needs. However, special needs can also include cleft lips and or palates, port wine birth marks, or missing limbs.

Students with disabilities, otherwise known as People with special needs are those people with one form of disabilities or the other, capable of limiting their involvement and participation in the regular educational programmes, and subsequently affect their academic performance and functionality in the society.

The Nigerian society, like every other one, is composed of individuals with special needs. In Nigeria there is a severe lack of legislation relating to the education of disabled children with the National Policy Education (NPE) and the 'Nigerians with Disability Decree' the only government literature available. Released in 1977, the NPE set out the aims of special education in Nigeria:

• To give a concrete meaning to the idea of equalising educational opportunities for all children; their physical, mental and emotional disabilities notwithstanding; • To provide adequate education for all disabled children and adults, in order that they may play their roles fully in contributing to the development of the nation; • The policy also includes beneficial provisions to people with special needs: Integration of children with handicap into the mainstream of regular school and provision of special education for children;

In 1993 the Nigerian Government enacted the first and only piece of legislation on people with a disability. The 'Nigerians with Disability Decree' was enacted to 'provide a clear and comprehensive legal protection and security for Nigerians with disability, as well as establish a standard for enhancement of the rights and privileges, guaranteed under this decree and other laws applicable to the disabled in the Federal Republic of Nigeria'. Despite the passing of the Decree, the situation of those with disabilities in Nigeria remains desperate. None of the programs set out in the Decree have been enacted to any substantial degree, and the number of children born with physical and learning disabilities remains unclear with no reliable census having been carried out.
The combination of inadequate plans for the identification of disabled children, a lack of guidance services for parents and the lack of special education facilities available for their children decreases the chance of children with special needs being able to attain even the most basic level of primary education.
The life chances of disabled children are further impaired by a pervasive negative attitude towards those with disabilities. Parents of disabled children are often ashamed of exposing their children to the wider community. In addition to this, parents often see their child's disability as means to earn money through begging, and are therefore reluctant to relinquish this source of income. Special education is an ideal general education in which individual differences are considered and provided for.

AREAS TO BE CHECKED (CHALLENGES)

• The general inadequacy of educational funding. Nigerian education is not adequately funded, and this also has effects on the education of students with disabilities. Certain educational materials, facilities and equipment which could have enabled them to learn without tears are not adequately provided. • Another challenge, which is closely related to the one above and has to do with the high cost of the educational materials and equipment such as braille machines and papers, typewriting machines and typing sheets, carbon papers, thermoforming papers, tape recorders and cassettes, ear-mould, hearing being used by these students, which, of course, many of them cannot afford buying. • Lack of adequate specialists and para-professionals such as the physiotherapists, the pathologists,, the braillists, the sign language interpreters, among others constitute a challenge. Those available are not enough to service the population of students with disabilities. that the total number of primary and secondary school students’ enrolment in Nigeria stood at about 20 million, with students and youth with disabilities constituting about 2.4million in Nigerian Schools. • The architectural designs of most of the Institutions where the education of students with disabilities take place did not take into consideration, the disability nature of these people. It appears that only the Federal College of Education (Special) takes note of this architectural consideration. This greatly hinders the education of these categories of learners. • Finally, there is the challenge of poor and ineffective implementation of the policies formulated towards the betterment of the education of students with disabilities. This has been the usual case with almost all educational policies in Nigeria.

CONCLUSION

The disabled persons without any doubt, are members of the Nigerian society that can contribute to its development if they are encouraged properly and adequately. Also, if truly the youths of today are the leaders of tomorrow, then today’s students with disabilities, who are part of the today’s Youths, should be well taken care of, for them to become the leaders of tomorrow in their respective chosen professions. After all, almost all disabled children can be trained to live productive lives.

RECOMMENDATION

1. Disability Desks: Disability desks should be established and make operational in the three tiers of government; such desks should be manned by competent Persons with Disabilities, and useful information as regard history of disability development and government policies should be made available. Go to Google and search for any information about disability in Nigeria, you will be amazed that hardly will you find or see any meaningful items aside old newspapers’ articles/write-ups. This portrays our nation as not being disability friendly among the committee of nations.
2. Social Security and Medical Benefits: As we all know the current unemployment situations in Nigeria, government is not taking enough measure in addressing this menace as regard Persons with Disabilities, and the effect on them makes one wonder if we truly have a nation we can proud of, as such we recommend that Government should introduce a workable Social Security system for every Persons with Disabilities that need it across the federation and a special fund is made available in the annual budget across the nation to cater for this group. A monthly stipend of ten thousand (N10, 000) for all Persons with Disabilities who are in such benefiting group will go a long way in their lives, and Nigeria will be seen as a truly beloved nation that cares. We have enough resources to do that in this oil rich nation.
3. Niger Delta and Amnesty Benefits: It is only in Nigeria that government will only think of taking care of those young Nigerians that can take guns and arms in demanding for their rights and leaving those who in their patriotism never take into violence as means of demanding for their own rights uncatered for. Imagine the Amnesty programmes that is taking care of ONLY the ex-militants and leaving Persons with Disabilities who are from this same region to die of hunger. We recommend that a similar programme that will take care of Persons with Disabilities either by creating skill acquisitions/empowerments programmes across the region and make it functional with adequate funding or a Regional Social Security Scheme (RSSS) is designed for them.
4. Communication and Information: that sign language is introduced as party of the educational curriculum and that sign language interpretation be used in all TV stations and public gatherings and done by professional persons trained in the British language. Imagine millions of people with hearing impairment that could not listen to the NTA nationwide news daily in Nigeria-53 years after independence.
5. Employment Opportunities: that there should be an effective law on the employment opportunities for Persons with Disabilities across the federation. It was at the return to democratic rule that Persons with Disabilities in Ondo State had employment opportunity last in year 2000, and the subsequent governments had not done anything to address that, likewise in most States of the federation. Why would any serious government not thinking of how to get these special citizens jobs, even after their graduation and the mandatory 1 year youth service to the nation?
6. A Special Commission: A special Commission on Disability Matters should be created in all the States of the federation and make it functional with proper and adequate funding/budget. It is only in Nigeria that once someone becomes a disabled, such person is seen as vulnerable and should be treated as women matter. That is why we still have issues/welfares of Persons with Disabilities been mingling with Ministries of Women Affairs and Social Developments nationwide, whereas this is not appropriate in advanced and all inclusive nations that we are planning to be.
7. All issues as laid down by the Convention of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and the Standard Rules on the Equalizations of Opportunities by the United Nations should be strictly complied with and make lives better for the citizens with disabilities. As Nigeria is a signatory to all these rules, so also they should be able to comply without wasting time.

REFERENCES

• A Wa Po: http://www.awapo.org/specialneeds.html • Tu, HT; Cunningham, PJ (2005). "Public coverage provides vital safety net for children with special health care needs". Issue brief (Center for Studying Health System Change) (98): 1–7. PMID 17290559. • Adima, E. E., Ladipo, S. O. and Abosi, C.O. 1981. Introduction to Special Education: Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books. • Atolagbe, S. A. 1995. “Mainstreaming the Handicapped Children: A Matter of Necessity”. A Paper Presented at the 2nd Annual National Conference of Special Education, Oyo. • Federal Government of Nigeria 2004. National Policy on Education, Lagos: NERDC. • Wale Akintade. Executive Director, Disability Development Institute (DDI), Ondo State, Nigeria: A Discussion Paper On The Complex Challenges That Nigeria Need To Address In Promoting An All Inclusive Societies For Persons With Disabilities At The On-Going National Dialogue Conference 2013.

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