...culture to the world, I choose this subject about the Giant Buddihsm in Leshan Sichuan Province. In this paper, I will introduce ancient stories about the Giant Buddihsm, and some figures related to it. First, I will try to analysis these pages by myself, and then use some tools, like transgod to help me, and after that, I will send it to my supervisor and accept his advice, to correct some mistakes or revise some of my contents. Of course, during my translation, I will use some electronic dictionary tools to check some strange worlds, like Youdao, Jinshan, and also some relevant websites to search some information about the Giant Buddihsm, and some information about Leshan as well as some other traditional cultures,...
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...bordered by the Black Sea, the Aegean, and the Mediterranean, with the eastern border variously defined; today the western part of Turkey. Also called Asia Minor, especially when referring to the Greek and Roman periods. anthropology: The study of humanity - our physical characteristics as animals, and our unique non-biological characteristics we call culture. apsidal: building type with one rounded end, found especially in mainland Greek Early Iron Age contexts. archaeological survey: Recording remains visible on the surface, without recourse to excavation. archaeology: A subdiscipline of anthropology involving the study of the human past through its material remains. artifact: Any portable object used, modified, or made by humans; e.g. stone tools, pottery, and metal weapons. ashlar masonry: masonry style with smoothed rectangular cut blocks. assemblage: A group of artifacts recurring together at a particular time and place, and representing the sum of human activities. band: A term used to describe small-scale societies of hunters and gatherers, generally less than 100 people, who move seasonally to exploit wild (undomesticated) food resources. Kinship ties play an important part in social organization. Big-Man society: A type of socio-political organization where an influential individual achieves the leadership position through personal achievements (alliances, gift exchange networks, feasts, impressive deeds etc). In contrast with chiefdoms, the position of leadership...
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...Sneha Negandhi 1 Archaeology Theory and Methods: Harappan Civilization. Archaeology is defined as the study of human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and the analysis of artefacts and other physical remains by the Oxford dictionary. In simple terms archaeology is the study of ancient and human past using material remains, like the artefacts and ecofacts. The artefacts are defined as the object made by human being, typically one of culture or historical interest1. To study the past, one needs to excavate the sites to find the artefacts. An archaeological site is any place where physical remains of past human activities exist2. A site can be as small as some stone tools with the human skeletons or as large as the Indus valley civilisation. These sites are broadly classified under two categories. The first ones are, based on the archaeological culture such as proto-historic, historic and pre-historic. The prehistoric archaeology is the study of past before the historical records began. The artefacts found here are mostly the stone tools including spear points, arrowheads, knives, stone axes etc. The Stone Age and the hunter- gathers are the examples of the pre-historic sites. It begins with the human behaviour of manufacturing the stone tools and ends with the fully modern human hunting and gathering socities3.The Protohistoric archaeology refers to the study of regions or periods using the archaeological methods where only a partial or very limited historic...
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...| artifact | Any object or item created or modified by human action. | evolution | The process of change over time resulting from shifting conditions of the physical and cultural environments, involving mechanisms of mutation and natural selection. | fieldwork | The search for archaeological sites in the landscape through surveys and excavations. | site | The accumulation of artifacts and/or ecofacts, representing a place where people lived or carried out certain activities | survey | A systematic search of the landscape for artifacts and sites on the ground through aerial photography, field walking, soil analysis, and geophysical prospecting. | shell midden | A mound of shells accumulated from human collection, consumption, and disposal; a dump of shells from oysters, clams, mussels, or other species found along coasts and rivers, usually dating to the Holocene. | excavation | The exposure and recording of buried materials from the past. | ethnography | The study of human cultures through firsthand observation. | economy | The management and organization of the affairs of a group, community, or establishment to ensure their survival and productivity. | technology | The combination of knowledge and manufacturing techniques that enables people to convert raw materials into finished products. | rank | A relationship of inequality between members of society in which status is determined by kinship relations of birth order and lineage | ...
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...all the time preceding human existence and the invention. The term "prehistory" can refer to the vast span of time since the beginning of the Universe, but more often it refers to the period since life appeared on Earth, or even more specifically to the time since human-like beings appeared.[4][5] In dividing up human prehistory, prehistorians typically use the three-age system, whereas scholars of pre-human time periods typically use the well-defined geologic record and its internationally defined stratum base within the geologic time scale. The three-age system is the periodization of human prehistory into three consecutive time periods, named for their respective predominant tool-making technologies: the Stone Age, Bronze age and iron age.. "Paleolithic" means "Old Stone...
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...BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH REPORT NUMBER RR 99–03 BGS Rock Classification Scheme Volume 3 Classification of sediments and sedimentary rocks C R Hallsworth and R W O’B Knox Subject index Bibliographical Reference Rock classification, sediments and sedimentary rocks Hallsworth, C R, and Knox, R W O’B. 1999 BGS Rock Classification Scheme Volume 3 Classification of sediments and sedimentary rocks. British Geological Survey Research Report, RR 99–03. © NERC Copyright 1999 British Geological Survey Keyworth Nottingham NG12 5GG UK HOW TO NAVIGATE THIS DOCUMENT HOW TO NAVIGATE THIS DOCUMENT u The general pagination is designed for hard copy use and does not correspond to PDF thumbnail pagination. u The main elements of the table of contents are bookmarked enabling direct links to be followed to the principal section headings and sub-headings, figures and tables irrespective of which part of the document the user is viewing. u In addition, the report contains links: 1 from the principal section and sub-section headings back to the contents page, 1 from each reference to a figure or table directly to the corresponding figure or table, 1 from each figure or table caption to the first place that figure or table is mentioned in the text and 1 from each page number back to the contents page. Return to contents page Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Principles of this classification 1.2 Summary of the structure and development of the classification scheme 1...
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...Topic: Medium-stakes assignment Order code: 81586685 | | | | | | Pages: | 1, Double spaced | Sources: | 1 | Style: | APA | | Order type: | Coursework | Subject: | English | Academic level: | Not specified | | | Language: | English (U.S.) | | Order Description The English class that I am taking right now is a bit different with other college level English classes. Before you start working on my assignment, I want you to read the course description of my class. Course Description: Texting the World brings together literary and nonliterary texts and considers how the same theme plays through them via analysis, evaluation, and creation of said texts. This particular section of ENG 200 is devoted to the theme of The Sea. Artists and writers have long found inspiration from the sea. In this course, we’ll examine representations of the sea throughout history, with an emphasis on contemporary and classical literature, as well as art, poetry, scholarship, and film. Through reading, writing, and discussion, we’ll consider the ways the sea, and what it encompasses and represents, can allow artists and writers to explore the human condition and show us something about our own values, attitudes, and beliefs. Assignments are designed to help you use writing as a learning tool and to improve your written communication abilities. You will be asked to complete a variety of low-, medium-, and high-stakes assignments, including informal writing tasks...
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...A Further Analysis of Apocalypse Now Vlad Dovgan History Through Film Mr. Ellis Graham 1/13/2013 It is said that some of the best things in life are those that come unexpected. For weeks, my friend had nagged me to watch a movie he had seen, called Apocalypse Now. He described it to me, and I was not interested. War movies don’t excite me that much, and I did not want to go out of the way to watch it. I’m not a violent person so watching this movie would be out of characteristic for me. However, when this research paper was assigned, it seemed to be destiny that I would finally watch this movie. I gave in, and decided this would be a great way to kill two birds with one stone- I would satisfy my friend, and be able to complete this assignment. Little did I know at the time, I was in for something truly special. While most men would be satisfied serving their team in war and returning home, the same could not be said for Benjamin Willard. After fighting in Vietnam, Willard found that he did not fit in back in America. He was miserable and desired to return to battle, so he did. A highly regarded man, Willard was given the task of finding and killing Walter E. Kurtz, a murderer who is stationed in Cambodia with the Montagnards, who view him as a god. To reach Kurtz, Willard joins the crew of a Navy river patrol boat who are to ferry him up a fictional river up to Cambodia. The boat’s crew consists of four men: Chief, Chef, Lance, and Clean. With help from...
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...ہڑپّہ (Punjabi) | A large well and bathing platforms are remains of Harappa's final phase of occupation from 2200 to 1900 BC. | Location | Sahiwal District, Punjab, Pakistan | Periods | Harappan 1 to Harappan 5 | Cultures | Indus Valley Civilization | Harappa (pronounced [ɦəɽəppaː]; Urdu: ہڑپّہ; Punjabi: ہڑپّہ) is an archaeological site in Punjab, eastern Pakistan, about 24 km (15 mi) west of Sahiwal. The site takes its name from a modern village located near the former course of the Ravi River. The current village of Harappa is 6 km (3.7 mi) from the ancient site. Although modern Harappa has a railway station left from the period of British Raj, it is today just a small crossroads town of population 15,000. The site of the ancient city contains the ruins of a Bronze Age fortified city, which was part of the Cemetery H culture and the Indus Valley Civilization, centered in Sindh and the Punjab.[1] The city is believed to have had as many as 23,500 residents and occupied over 100 hectares (250 acres) at its greatest extent during the Mature Harappan phase (2600–1900 BC), which is considered large for its time.[2][3] Per archaeological convention of naming a previously unknown civilization by its first excavated site, the Indus Valley Civilization is also called the Harappan Civilization. The ancient city of Harappa was heavily damaged under the British rule, when bricks from the ruins were used as track ballast in the making of the Lahore-Multan Railroad. In 2005, a...
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...Architecture in Rome Ancient Roman architecture took certain architectural aspects from different areas to create a unique and highly admired form of architecture. However, they were not able to do this overnight. In fact, for the first few centuries after it was founded, the people of Rome resided in very basic huts with no outstanding architectural merit. According to oxford dictionary a hut is “a dwelling of ruder and meaner construction and (usually) smaller than a house.” It was under the rule of the Etruscans that they developed more complex structures that served specific purposes, such as a temple dedicated to a god. The Etruscans themselves borrowed many aspects of their architectural designs from Ancient Greece and expanded upon it. One may notice that the time that Rome began its first step into architectural greatness was around 509 BC, when it became Republican Rome. “With the expulsion of the Etruscan kings Rome was free to shape her own destinies” (Sear 14). Since Rome was finally free from the constraints of its conquerors it now had the liberty to create whatever they wished in whatever manner they preferred. Though evidence of Greek influence could still be found, Rome began to develop a style of their own; however, once Rome conquered nations across the Mediterranean Sea it incorporated many of the building designs which were reflected in the buildings of their capital. Imperial Rome is seen as both the lowest and highest point in Rome’s history. During...
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...About Agriculture Agriculture in India has a significant history. Today, India ranks second worldwide in farm output. Agriculture and allied sectors like forestry and fisheries accounted for 16.6% of the GDP in 2009, about 50% of the total workforce. The economic contribution of agriculture to India's GDP is steadily declining with the country's broad-based economic growth. Still, agriculture is demographically the broadest economic sector and plays a significant role in the overall socio-economic fabric of India. History The invention of agriculture is one of the great revolutions of human history. It includes the food production and domestication which led to significant changes in human society, population increase and biological changes. However, this revolution is best demonstrated at Mehargarh (Period-I Neolithic period) in which the sense of the revolution ultimately set the platform for the rise of urbanization in the Indian Subcontinent.[16] In the period of the Neolithic revolution (roughly 8000-5000 BCE.), agriculture was far from the dominant mode of support for human societies. But those who adopted it, have survived and increased, and passed their techniques of production to the next generation. This transformation of knowledge was the base of further development in agriculture. Vedic literature provides some of the earliest written record of agriculture in India. Rigveda hymns, for example, describe ploughing, fallowing, irrigation...
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...a Tasnima Bhuiyan Ancient History HSC notes Core study; Cities of Vesuvius- Pompeii & Herculaneum 1. Geographical context Physical environment: geographical setting, natural features and resources of Pompeii and Herculaneum Geographical setting Pompeii and Herculaneum were located in Campania, southwest Italy near Bay of Naples. Herculaneum was a waterfront town situated on the coast of Bay of Naples 7km west of Mt Vesuvius, while Pompeii was slightly inland on the Sarno river, 9km southeast of Mt Vesuvius. Both towns were linked to Rome through sea and land routes. Natural features Campania was a fertile plain with two main rivers. Nearby there was a 15km wide series of craters, where pools were filled with boiling mud and vents, from which sulphur and steam could escape. The towns were popular because of their rich volcanic soil, coastal area for fishing and trading area. Resources of Campania The production of olive oil was used for cooking, and as the basic ingredient for perfume. Wine, wool and textile productions took place, along with the fishing industries including the production of fish sauce. There were fruits such as peaches, apricots, lemons & vegetables like cabbages and onions, and volcanic material was used for building and paving roads. Plans and streetscapes of Pompeii and Herculaneum ▪ streets of Pompeii vary greatly in width from 2.4m to roughly 7m ▪ streets & roads divide towns into neat rectangular...
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...Human civilization as a whole has always been innovative. They turned sticks and stones to tools, and the Wright Flyer I to the Apollo 11 in a mere sixty-six years. Most importantly innovations turned mud huts into thriving modern cities with billions of people. The secret to success is power. But by continuing to fuel large cities and businesses with fossil fuels, many nations are knowingly releasing tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. A study done by Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center states that "The world pumped 39.8 billion tons (36.1 billion metric tons) of carbon dioxide last year. That is 778 million tons (706 metric tons) or 2.3 per cent more than the previous year" (Zolfagharifard 2014). The United States and many countries attempted more environmentally friendly solutions but only to fall on heuristic approaches. In order to tackle the problem head on, nuclear reactors must be built; for this reason Lucas Davis writes: The NRC received 16 license applications for a total of 24 proposed reactors. The time was right, so it seemed, for a nuclear power renaissance in the United States. Natural Gas Prices were at their highest level ever in real terms. The 2005 Energy Policy Act provided loan guarantees, production tax credits, and other subsidies for new nuclear plants. Many believed that the United States Was close to enacting legislation that would limit emissions of carbon dioxide. (Davis 49) Nuclear power is the solution to the...
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...dedicated my paper to highlight dangerous model of sanitation system in our country. Approach- My Approach is a mix of case studies, surveys, research, analysis and findings done in a direction to reach an alternate solution that could replace present toilets. Conclusion- This paper concludes that Waterless compost toilet is the answer for today’s major health problems. Keywords- Toilet, Waterless, Compost, Low-cost, Sanitation, Affordable, Health, Pollution 1. INTRODUCTION We have to break the taboo on sanitation; Out of 7 billion people on earth 2.6 billion people don’t use any kind of toilet. That means 1/3 people on this planet go for open defecation. Even after being world’s third largest economy India still cannot afford toilets for 53% of its population. Every second person in India is defecating in open. Today’s flush toilets are expensive, it requires huge sewage infrastructure, uses immense amount of water. This is the reason why villages in India lack proper sanitation. Women in villages can-not delay their household work so they hold and walk, long distances to defecate. Doctors say the longer you hold urine in bladder the more infection you get. And the longer you restrain defecation intestinal difficulties start to rise. Also these women run and hide in shame of not been seen. Untreated human waste goes into rivers and streams. This pollutes water, soil, food and animals thus spreading diseases and making people sick. Traditional flush toilet is not the most effective...
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...Tourism in Bangladesh Bangladesh as a vacation land has many facets. Her tourist attractions include archaeological sites, historic mosques and monuments, resorts, beaches, picnic spots, forest and wildlife. Bangladesh offers opportunities for angling, water-skiing, river cruising, hiking, rowing, surfing, yachting and sea bathing as well as bringing one in close touch with Mother Nature. She is also rich in wildlife and game birds. HISTORY: The history of Bangladesh has been one of extremes, of turmoil and peace, prosperity and destitution. It has thrived under the glow of cultural spiendour and suffered under the ravages of war. The earliest mention of Bangladesh is found in the Hindu epic, the Mahabharata (the story of Great Battle-9th century B.C). Evidence also suggests that there was a strong Mongoloid presence as well. Soon after, in the 5th and 6th centuries B.C. came the Aryans from Central Asia and the Dravidians from Western India. Then came the Guptas, Palas, Senas, who were Buddhist and Hindus. From the 13th century A.D. the flood of Muslim invaders and the tide of Islam swamped the Buddhist and Hindus untold 8th century. Sometimes there were independent rulers like the Hussain Shahi and Ilyas Shahi dynasties while at other times they ruled on behalf of the imperial seat of Delhi. From 15th century the Europeans, namely; Portuguese, Dutch, French and British traders exerted an economic influence over the region. British political rule over the region...
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