...Islamic Money Market Definition Most of the firms, company and individuals are seeking for the pure markets, which eliminate interest and other prohibited products. In consequence to this, Malaysia especially Central Bank of Malaysia has made an effort of making the Islamic Money Market as one of the vital market as compared to conventional money market. The underlying philosophy of the Islamic Money Market is to further strengthen the institutional structure of Islamic banking operations. Achieve through channeling surplus liquid resources for investment, and to meet short term liquidity needs. Market for trading short term Islamic Instruments that are liquid but also offer a return on the investment. Market also provides a pricing mechanism or platform form trading these instruments by communicating information to all participants. All instruments are “asset based” and therefore shariah compliant. The Islamic Money Market refers to the market where the activities are carried out in ways that do not conflict with the conscience of Muslims and the religion of Islam. Instruments in the Islamic money market shall be adhered to principles established by the Shari'ah or the Islamic law as revealed in the Qur'an and Sunnah. In Islam, it is required that all products involve in the sale and buying (including the instruments in the financial markets) shall be from the ethical sectors or in other words, the profits gained shall not be in or from the prohibited activities. These...
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...MU‘AWADAT: EXCHANGE CONTRACTS tkhan@qfis.edu.qa Sharikah al Mufawadah Sharikah al 'Inan Al Abdan: Human effort-based Al wujuh: Reputation-based Sharikah al Mudharabah Al mufawada: Equal capital contribution Voluntary: e.g., jointly purchasing a building for renting Sharikah al Aqd (Contractual Partnership) Sharikah al 'Inan *These categories violate the general rule of trading, i.e., either the price or object of sale should be present at the time of the contract. In these cases, however, the price and asset specifications are fully made, as well as the time of the actual exchange is also determined. The cases are in common practice in the Muslim communities. **Discussed by only a few Islamic scholars and that too only in case of durable assets and currencies Sharikah al Mufawadah Investment Auctioning Output sharing DP with Management DP without Management Profit sharing Musharakah-based DP Mudharabah-based DP Sharikah al Amwal Sharikah al Abdan Sharikah al Wujuh Profit Sharing Revenue sharing Durable Assets Participation Musaqa Muzara‘a Output (Revenue) Sharing Involuntary: e.g., due to inheritance Voluntary: e.g., jointly purchasing a building for renting Sharikah al milk (Partnership based on joint Ownership) Temporary or Ongoing Musharakah Temporary or Ongoing Mudharabah Sharing Principle Fees deferred Ijara: Rents deferred Financial Murabahah Installment sale Object deferred Sale (ODS) Pre-paid istisna‘ Fees paid in advance ...
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...The Journal of Applied Business Research – January/February 2009 Volume 25, Number 1 The Evolution Of Islamic Finance In Southeast Asia: The Case Of Malaysia (1) Rika Nakagawa, Institute of Developing Economies, Japan ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is threefold: to explain why the Islamic financial system was introduced in Malaysia; to outline how the Malaysian government has promoted this system; and to analyze the development of the Islamic financial system with a specific focus on the banking sector. In Malaysia, the first Islamic bank, Bank Islam Malaysia Bhd., was established in 1983. One turning point of the Islamic financial system in the country was the Financial Sector Master Plan presented by the central bank in 2001. The government, in accordance with the plan, has taken a strong initiative in the development of an Islamic financial system. As a result, the country has succeeded in promoting a comprehensive Islamic financial system, banking and insurance sectors and capital markets. In the banking sector, this paper reveals that the profit-sharing system does not seem to be popular in this country although the reward system is central to Islamic Finance. In order for further development of the Islamic financial sector, the reasons why the percentage of contracts under the profit-sharing system is small need to be analyzed. Keywords: Islamic Finance in Malaysia, Financial Sector Master Plan, New Economic Policy, Bank Islam Malaysia Bhd., Islamic Banking Scheme...
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...custody or safekeeping. In a Wadiah arrangement, customer will deposit cash or other assets in a bank for safekeeping. The bank guarantees the safety of the items kept by it. Here is how it works: 1) Customer places money in a bank and the bank guarantees to return the money to customer. 2) Customers are allowed to withdraw the money anytime. 3) Bank may charge customer a fee for looking after customers money and may pay hibah (gift) to customer if it deems fit. 4) This concept is normally used in deposit-taking activities, custodial services and safe deposit boxes. Mudharabah (Profit sharing) Mudharabah is a profit sharing arrangement between two parties, that is, an investor and the entrepreneur. The investor will supply the entrepreneur with funds for his business venture and gets a return on the funds he puts into the business based on a profit sharing ratio that has been agreed earlier. The principle of Mudharabah can be applied to Islamic banking operations in 2 ways: between a bank (as the entrepreneur) and the capital provider, and between a bank (as capital provider) and the entrepreneur. Losses suffered shall be borne by the capital provider....
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...Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting Insurance vs Takaful: identical sides of a coin? Hairul Suhaimi Nahar Downloaded by ZHONGNAN UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS AND LAW At 10:31 08 December 2015 (PT) Article information: To cite this document: Hairul Suhaimi Nahar , (2015),"Insurance vs Takaful: identical sides of a coin?", Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, Vol. 13 Iss 2 pp. 247 - 266 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JFRA-02-2015-0029 Downloaded on: 08 December 2015, At: 10:31 (PT) References: this document contains references to 66 other documents. To copy this document: permissions@emeraldinsight.com The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 248 times since 2015* Users who downloaded this article also downloaded: Mohamed Sherif, Nor Azlina Shaairi, (2013),"Determinants of demand on family Takaful in Malaysia", Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, Vol. 4 Iss 1 pp. 26-50 http:// dx.doi.org/10.1108/17590811311314276 Khalid Al-Amri, (2015),"Takaful insurance efficiency in the GCC countries", Humanomics, Vol. 31 Iss 3 pp. 344-353 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/H-05-2014-0039 Nor Aziah Abu Kasim, (2012),"Disclosure of Shariah compliance by Malaysian takaful companies", Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, Vol. 3 Iss 1 pp. 20-38 http:// dx.doi.org/10.1108/17590811211216041 Access to this document was granted through an Emerald subscription provided by emeraldsrm:509129 [] For...
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...Contents 1 2 10 12 What is Islamic banking? Islamic banking in Malaysia Observing Shariah principles Shariah concepts in Islamic banking Frequently asked questions Glossary This booklet tells you about the basic concepts and principles of Islamic banking. What is Islamic banking? Islamic banking is banking based on Islamic law (Shariah). It follows the Shariah, called fiqh muamalat (Islamic rules on transactions). The rules and practices of fiqh muamalat came from the Quran and the Sunnah, and other secondary sources of Islamic law such as opinions collectively agreed among Shariah scholars (ijma’), analogy (qiyas) and personal reasoning (ijtihad). Islamic banking in Malaysia • The first Islamic bank was established in Malaysia in 1983. • In 1993, commercial banks, merchant banks and finance companies begun to offer Islamic banking products and services under the Islamic Banking Scheme (IBS banks). • The IBS banks have to separate the funds and activities of the Islamic banking transactions from the nonIslamic banking business (conventional banking). • You can identify an Islamic bank or an IBS bank from the logo below: 1 bankinginfo info perbankan Observing Shariah principles All Islamic banks and IBS banks have set up Shariah Committees to guide them on Shariah matters and to make sure that they function in a manner that is in line with the Shariah. In addition, the advice of the Shariah Advisory Council which is the highest Shariah body set up at Bank...
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...Business, governments and financial institutions get chances to finance their short term cash needs by using money market instruments. They are fixed-income securities with maturities in a year or less make them extremely liquid. They issue discount to their face value and provide a high degree of safety because the issuers commonly come from the highest credit rating. They are many instruments listed in Islamic Money Market in Malaysia. Mudharabah Interbank Investment (MII) is one of the instruments which focusing on profit sharing in a day-to-day basis, or at weekends for three days. The deficit Islamic bank institutions can also invest money and make investment from the help of surplus Islamic bank institutions. Deficit must be financed...
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...which serves as a partial user of capital funds and as a financial intermediary, and the depositors in the bank who are the suppliers of savings or capital funds. There are two different partnerships of the type mentioned in Islam: the partnership between the depositors and the bank, and the partnership between the entrepreneur (or the borrower) and the bank and then, financial institutions will not receive a fixed rate of interest on their outstanding loans, rather, they share in profits or in losses of the business owner to whom they have provided the funds. Similarly, those individuals who deposit their funds in a bank will share in the profit and loss of the financial institution. For the profit and loss sharing in Malaysia is a mudharabah and musharakah. This is a kind of partnership where one partner gives money to another for investing in a commercial enterprise. The investment comes from the first partner who is called "Rab-ul-Maal" while the management and work is an exclusive responsibility of the other, who is called "Mudarib" and the profits generated are shared in a predetermined ratio. * The profit will be shared between the two parties according to the terms of the agreement * The losses will be borne by the capital provider alone who is the financier. Musharakah Musharakah means a relationship established under a contract by...
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...A STUDY ON INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES OF ISLAMI BANK BANGLADESH LIMITED PREFACE Bank is a part and parcel of the modern economy of any country. Like any other countries in the world banks play the most crucial role not in the economic but also the social, political environment in Bangladesh. Even it is wise to say that the financial sector of Bangladesh is solely dominated by the banking sector, because the non bank financial sector of Bangladesh is yet to develop to desired level, although it is growing very rapidly. The invention of banking based on Islamic shariah is a relatively new concept in the global banking arena. Now a day the Islamic Shariah based banks are not operating only in the Muslim countries but also in non Muslim countries with the same level of faith and efficiencies parallel to the conventional interest based banks. Even in some cases some of the Islamic Shariah based banks has exceeded their competing traditional banks in terms of service quality and some other key financial indicators. In Bangladesh Muslim constitutes more than 80% of her total population. These people possess strong faith on Allah and they want to lead their lives as per the instructions given in the holy Quran and Sunnah; the way shown by the prophet Hazrat Muhammad (Sm). But no Islamic banking system was developed here up to 1983. The Traditional banking sector was fully based on interest. This is why most of our religious...
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...1.0 Introduction All human activities are subject to risk of loss from unforeseen events. To alleviate this burden to individuals, what we now call insurance has existed since at least 215 BC. This concept has been practiced in various forms for over 1400 years. In Islam, the concept of insurance is takaful. Q finance dictionary defines that takaful is a Islamic insurance in which all participants are members and contribute to a pool of funds that provide assistance in the event of loss on the part of any of the participants. It is an Islamic insurance arrangement avoids the prohibitions against gambling and interest in Islamic Law. Takaful, it originates from the Arabic word Kafalah, which means "guaranteeing each other" or "joint guarantee". It is based on the principles of ta’awan (mutual cooperation) and Tabarru’ (donation), where a group of takaful participants (policy-holders) agree between themselves to share the risk of a potential loss to any of them, by making a donation of all or a part of their takaful contribution (premium) to compensate for a loss. Takaful-branded insurance is based on Shariah, Islamic religious law and refer the principle of cooperation, not sale or exchange, and mitigates the objectionable aspects of gharar (uncertainty), maisir (gambling) and riba (interest). In conventional insurance the risk is transferred from the policyholder to the insurance company which brings the elements of uncertainty and chance in contract as one of the two a party...
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...Critical assessment of four financial instruments in the Islamic financial markets Raja Shahridatul Dewa Binti Raja Musa C070187 This project paper is a partial fulfillment of Module IB2001of Part 2 of Certified Islamic Finance Professional (CIFP) INCEIF September 2008 Critical assessment of four financial instruments in the Islamic financial markets Raja Shahridatul Dewa Binti Raja Musa Abstract There has been remarkable growth in the Islamic finance industry and seen double-digit growth in recent years. Increasing numbers of Islamic financial institutions are attempting to penetrate the international markets in meeting the global demands for Islamic finance. This calls for the development of innovative Islamic financial instruments which are shariah compliant that represent as alternatives to conventional instruments covering areas of Islamic banking, Islamic insurance, Islamic equities and Islamic bonds/sukuk. A parallel development of Islamic financial markets should also take place that look into the aspect of liquidity and cash flow management. At the same time legal and regulatory requirements are needed to ensure the smooth functioning of Islamic financial institutions. Given the uniqueness of the operations and transactions comprising contractual arrangements and instruments, it is critical for Islamic financial institutions to identify specific...
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...Introduction 1 1.1 Origin of the Report Today‟s business world is continuously changing. The operation of business is getting complex in every moment. That is why, today, the management of any business activity requires so much expertise from the part of its employees. The business graduates are the core part of management. So a business graduate has to have so much theoretical as well as practical knowledge to manage the ever-changing business activity. Besides the theoretical knowledge, practical experience is provided to business graduates & internship is the well practiced mechanism in this regard. The internship program is an integral part of the BBA program. As a student‟s of BBA program of different universities, everyone has to submit a report after completion of internship program. We were assigned to Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited to complete the program. As a student of BBA, internship is an academic requirement. For doing internship we were sent to the Islamic Bank Bangladesh, New Market Branch, Dhaka under the supervision of Mohammad Ali Biswash, SPO, Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited, New market Branch, Dhaka. The completion of our general class for internship program in Islamic Bank Training and Research Academy (IBTRA), the IBTRA authority gave us the selecting topics‟ for preparing the internship report. Our supervisor Mohammad Ali Biswash, SPO, Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited, New market Branch, Dhaka, also support us to prepare a report...
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...WADIAH: CONCEPT, APPLICATION AND ISSUES PROF. DR. ZAI NAL AZAM ABD. RAHMAN Applied Shariah- Lecture 5 INTRODUCTION Meaning of the term: when a person is entrusted to keep an asset for the benefit of an owner o Related terms: amanah, deposit, trust, bailment o Authorities from the Quran and Sunnah on wadiah o Acceptance of wadiah as benevolent act and not for profit: the need for actual delivery Applied Shariah- Lecture 5 DUTY OF CARE EXPECTED OF A TRUSTEEIKEEPER Basically possession is as yadd amanah The reason why it is yadd amanah When fees are collected for safekeeping, issue of liability/daman will arise Ajir mushtarak/hiring and public policy consideration The relevance of negligence/taqsir and liability for loss in cases where fees are charged The articulation by Hanafi jurists Applied $hariah- Lecture 5 WADIAH AND IJARAH o Wadiah proper is tabarru' o lf fees are charged, ijarah contract is created thus contract become binding on both parties- Hanafi and Maliki o Only if word ijarah is used according to Shafi and Hanbali o The nature of ijarah and duty of care expected of the hired keeper Applied Shariah- Lecture 5 2 PERMISSION TO USE BY OWNER t Nature of the property is relevant to be ascertained o Property still intact after use or diminished by the use a Whether permission given results in qard/lending t Or the relationship remains as wadiah I Legal implications depend on which possibility a The real intentions of parties: wadiah...
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...INVESTMENT BANK Definition:- Investment bank is a financial institution that assists individuals, corporations, and governments in raising capital by underwriting and or acting as the client's agent in the issuance of securities. An investment bank may also assist companies involved in mergers and acquisitions and provide ancillary services such as market making, trading of derivatives and equity securities, and FICC services (fixed income instruments, currencies and commodities). Investment banks do not take deposits. There are two main lines of business in investment banking. Trading securities for cash or for other securities (e.g. facilitating transactions, market-making), or the promotion of securities (e.g. underwriting, research, etc.) is the "sell side", while buy side is a term used to refer to advising institutions concerned with buying investment services. Private equity funds, mutual funds, life insurance companies, unit trusts, and hedge funds are the most common types of buy side entities. An investment bank can also be split into private and public functions with an information barrier which separates the two to prevent information from crossing. The private areas of the bank deal with private insider information that may not be publicly disclosed, while the public areas such as stock analysis deal with public information. List of the bank: 1) CIMB Investment Bank Berhad 2) RHB Investment Bank Berhad 3) Alliance Investment...
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...Major Differences in Equity-financing and Debt-financing In Islamic Finance And Conventional Finance In equity financing, there are practically no major differences. The contract of al-Musharakah (Joint-Venture ProfitSharing) is, in essence, similar to the conventional concept of joint-stock company. Therefore - except for some minor to finance projects through equity participation, to float a company on the stock exchange, to organise a venture capital company, or to form an equity unit trust, would be generally the same under the Islamic equity-financing as under the conventional equity-financing. The contract of Al-Mudharabah (Trustee Profit-Sharing) - whereby one party (the owner of capital) provides fund for the other party (the entrepreneur) to invest or trade and generate profit and both share in the profit in pre-agreed proportions - while not widely practised is actually not totally unknown in the conventional financial system. A clear example is the occurrence of this type of contract sometimes in portfolio management business. However, major differences between the Islamic financial system and the conventional financial system prevail in debt financing. Debt financing in the conventional financial system is almost totally based on interest-based lending, while this contract is forbidden (that is, Haram) in the Islamic financial system. Conversely, the Islamic debt-financing instruments of Deferred Contracts of Exchange are not generally known in the conventional...
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