...Truss Bridge Project Research Paper Our class has been assigned a project about the history and structure of Truss Bridges.In order for us to become more familiar and have a better understanding about truss bridges, we had do to some research.While there is a lot of logical engineering that goes into building a truss bridge,our teacher has instructed us to research 2 types of engineering behind the building of truss bridges and answer a few questions about our bridge.The two types we were told to look up and learn about were geotechnical engineering and materials engineering,both of which none of us had ever heard of.As for the geotechnical engineering,we we were to research the environmental and geological factors that should be considered...
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...ABSTRACT Electric Overhead Travelling (EOT) Crane is one of the essential industrial equipment for material handling job. Indecent years little attention has been paid to the optimal design heavy electric overhead travelling bridges. The motive might be, but not limited to the availability of prevailing FEM, DIN, ISO, CMAA, BS, Chinese and now CEN standards for the design of cranes. Most of the crane manufacture has standardized the single dimensioned box section for multiple spans and duties of crane bridges for manufacturing simplicity. LIST OF TABLES Table No. | Table Description | Page No. | 1 Different cross section formula 2 Dimension for ramshorn hooks LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. Figure Description Page No. 1.1.1 Overhead crane 1.3.1 Standard crane 1.4.1 Free standing crane 1.5.1 Gear box 1.5.2 Electric brake motor 1.5.3 Rope guide 1.5.4 Load limiter 1.5.5 Low headroom trolley 1.6.1(A) Top Running Bridge Cranes 1.6.1(B) Under Running Bridge Crane 1.7.1 Top running vs. under running 1.9 Double girder crane hoist 1.9.1 Chain hoist 1.9.2 Wire rope hoist 3.1.1 Drawing of 160 ton hook, nut & Lock plate 3.2.1 CAD model of 160 ton hook 3.3.1 Different views of crane hook 3.3.2 Bending of a beam with larger Initial curvature 3.4.1 Modified cross section 3.5.1 Circular cross section 3.5.2 Rectangular cross section ...
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...to have? * The size of open areas within the building. * The type of extreme weather conditions prevalent in the area where the home or building is being built. For example, here in the 4 Corners area, Dolores needs trusses that can withstand more snow than Cortez… Rico more than Dolores… and Telluride more than Rico. Why Roof Trusses? Trusses are used in a variety of applications where a lightweight, yet strong, structure is required. Trusses are used extensively in bridges, buildings (particularly roofing and flooring), radio and television towers, and space-based constructions. Many home builders order prefabricated roof trusses from a manufacturer and have them delivered to a building site because building roof trusses is labor intensive and prefabricated roof trusses save time, materials, and money. 5 Advantages to using Roof Trusses: 1. Carpenters with less experience can set trusses, lowering labor costs. 2. Fewer interior load bearing walls are needed due to the trusses’ longer free span. 3. Shorter lengths of stock 2×4 are used to build trusses, reducing material prices. 4. Structural engineers design and certify...
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...Senior Design Project Submittal May 4 2012 Bleser Park Pedestrian Bridge The following is a 2011-2012 Senior Design Project report for the Fenn College of Engineering at Cleveland State University. Senior Design Project Submittal 2012 Table of Contents 1.0.0 Introduction........................................................................................................................................ 5 1.1.0 1.2.0 2.0.0 2.1.0 2.2.0 2.3.0 2.4.0 Objective .................................................................................................................................. 5 Group Members ...................................................................................................................... 5 Project Description ..................................................................................................................... 6 Assignment .............................................................................................................................. 6 Existing Bridge ........................................................................................................................ 7 Proposed Bridge ..................................................................................................................... 8 Owner Requirements ............................................................................................................. 9 2.4.1 Safety .....................................................
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... Vilnius 2013 Introduction Content World bridges…………………………………………………………………………………………………..4 World longest tunnels………………………………………………………………………………………6 Types of roads………………………………………………………………………………………………….7 Roads surfacing……………………………………………………………………………………………….10 Conclusions……………………………………………………………………………………………………..13 List of sources………………………………………………………………………………………………….14 World bridges The world’s longest bridge is the Danyang-Kunsgan Grand Bridge(1) in China, part of the Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway. The bridge, which opened in June 2011, spans 165 kilometres. This bridge constructed in just 4 years, employing 10.000 workers, at a cost of about 8.5 million dollars. It crosses low rice paddies, part of the Yangtze River Delta, with just a few miles of the bridge actually crossing the open water of Yangcheng Lake in Suzhou. The bridge averages about 31 meters off the ground. 1.Danyang-Kunsgan Grand Bridge The sidu river bridge(2) is the tallest bridge in the world, standing around 1.500 ft tall. The are exactly 1.550 feet from the bottom of the bridge to the valley floor. It is located at the border of Yichang and En’shi in the Hubei province. It is 1365 meters across. This bridge connects Shanghai on the pacific coast with Chongqing and Chengdu in the west. There was no controversy over the building of this bridge. It was needed in order to pass over the Sidu River. 2.Sidu river bridge The Great Belt Fixed Link(3) rail and road project, which...
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...throughout floor surface, transferring horizontal loads down to vertical structures such as beams, columns or load bearing walls. Floor systems must safely support moving loads. A floor system should be relatively stiff while maintaining its elasticity. If there is too much deflection and vibration, it can badly affect both the floor and ceiling finishes, as well as affecting the amenity of people who live in the space. The important control factor is therefore deflection. A number of factors determine the depth of a floor system. The basic relationship is between the depth of the floor and the size of the structural bays it is going to span, together with the strength of the materials. However, a deeper floor can house mechanical or electric lines, and can help to insulate against sound travelling between floors in a multi-storey building. The structural integrity of a floor will depend in part on the size of any cantilevers and openings in the floor. In turn, the structural integrity of the building will be affected by the way the floor is connected to foundations, walls and the like. Types of floor systems • Wood joist system Relatively small joist members closely spaced; joists are supported by either beams or walls. • Wood plank and beam system Larger beams spaced further apart and spanned with structural planking or decking and beams supported by girders, posts, or walls • Steel joist system Light gauge or open web joists...
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...studio—12 to 14 hours a day—recording and re-recording every instrumental and vocal track. He rabidly embraced the new synthesizer technologies that were available to him and used them to invent a new sound that would be uniquely identifiable as his own. He multi-tracked the synths into full ensemble sounds and used them to create rhythmic accents almost like horns. As it turned out, the keyboard textures he instituted on this first record set the tune for much of pop music in the ‘80s, a style that became known as “the Minneapolis...
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...Computer Network A computer network is a group of computers that are interconnected by electronic circuits or wireless transmissions of various designs and technologies for the purpose of exchanging data or communicating information between them or their users. Networks may be classified according to a wide variety of characteristics. This article provides a general overview of types and categories and also presents the basic components of a network. Introduction A computer network allows sharing of resources and information among devices connected to the network. The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) funded the design of the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) for the United States Department of Defense. It was the first operational computer network in the world.[1] Development of the network began in 1969, based on designs developed during the 1960s. For a history see ARPANET, the first network. Purpose Facilitating communications Using a network, people can communicate efficiently and easily via e-mail, instant messaging, chat rooms, telephony, video telephone calls, and videoconferencing. Sharing hardware In a networked environment, each computer on a network can access and use hardware on the network. Suppose several personal computers on a network each require the use of a laser printer. If the personal computers and a laser are connected to a network, the personal computers users each can access the laser printer on the network, as they need...
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...Tasmanian Link Bridge [pic] table of contents Background 3 Objectives 3 Target Market 4 Target Outcome 4 Location 4 Measure Of Success 5 Outputs 5 Quality Project Management 6 Governance 6 Reporting Requirements 6 Resources 7 Stakeholders/Customers & Communication 7 Assumption & Constraints 8 Major Risk & Minimization Strategies 8 Risk Management 9 Issue Management 9 Related Projects 10 Guidelines/Standards 11 Quality Control 11 Recommendation 12 Appendix 13 BACKGROUND When Australia in 1901 became a federation one of the main reasons was to create an integrated national economy[1]. One way of ensuring economic fairness between states is to create infrastructure, which allows equal trading, and access. Physical linkage between all states increases the sense of community within the country. Tasmania has a lot to offer, but is disadvantaged by the lack of communication alternatives. For everyday people to reach the island one has to take either an airplane or a ferry, which means one is always dependent on the time table of these vessels. For logistics companies there is no other alternative than using air or sea transport. King...
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...Green infrastructure is an approach that communities can choose to maintain healthy waters, provide multiple environmental benefits and support sustainable communities. Unlike single-purpose gray stormwater infrastructure, which uses pipes to dispose of rainwater, green infrastructure uses vegetation and soil to manage rainwater where it falls. By weaving natural processes into the built environment, green infrastructure provides not only stormwater management, but also flood mitigation, air quality management, and much more. Programmes in green infrastructure Provides information on how you can get involved including ways to protect human health and the environment by raising awareness about potential threats to your drinking water, local rivers, lakes, streams, wetlands, the fish and shellfish you eat, and aquatic ecosystems. Adopt Your Watershed – This program challenges you to serve your community by taking part in activities to protect and restore your local watershed. After the Storm – Weather emergencies such as flooding can introduce pollutants to your water supply. Learn how to protect your source of water and find out what to do in the event that your drinking water is compromised. Bring Back the Water Fountain -Partnering with government across the nation through the to reinvigorate our nation's supply of public drinking fountains. Emergency Preparedness – identify some of the issues you may face preparing for, during and after an event that can directly threaten...
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...2.2 Cadburys 2.2.1 How did Cadburys get started? Cadbury limited was set up by one man in 1824 called John Cadbury from Birmingham. In 1824 Cadbury was set up to be a grocery shop. This changed in 1831 when John Cadbury went into manufacturing drinking chocolate and cocoa. In 1847 a large factory was rented in Bridge Street Birmingham. Around the same time John Cadbury was joined by his brother Benjamin and the name of the business became Cadbury Brothers of Birmingham. The turning point of the business was in 1866 when the brothers introduced the process of pressing the cocoa butter out of the cocoa beans. The benefits for the Cadbury brothers was that they could use the butter to make different types of eating chocolate the first of which was the Cadburys dairy milk. After this time the brothers moved to the now famous Bournville site where Cadbury world is situated today. The Cadbury brothers changed the employer to employee relations for the better by having the Bournville site as a 'factory in a garden'. Also the brothers introduced better employee welfare with joint consultation and other innovations in this area. 2.2.2 Where are Cadburys today? Today Cadburys are the UK's market leader and are one of the largest chocolate producers in the world and have opened new business opportunities by producing chocolate within other countries like Ireland, India and Pakistan. Cadburys is the confectionery division of Cadbury...
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...fast-deployment technologies – whether wired or wireless networks – will improve accessibility. The key challenges for the provision of telecommunication services in rural areas are driven by both technological and economic considerations. Setting up backhaul connectivity remains a high-cost exercise. Erratic power supply or complete lack of energy sources is a major barrier, and photovoltaic power supply is increasingly becoming a viable alternative. The requirement to maintain sufficient backup systems raises operational costs substantially. In the 1990s, the term digital divide was introduced as a way to describe the gap between those who have access to computers and the internet and those who do not. Mobile technology is now being sold as the bridge across the digital divide. The last decade has seen advances in digital electronics devices such as computers smaller, cheaper and faster. These significant changes have promoted the rapid development and market growth of small computers and electronic gadgets that can be carried from place to place. It has also revolutionalised the consumer market place where computers are now commonly embedded in everything from household appliances to automobiles, just to mention but a few. Zimmerman (1999) defines mobile networks as the use of networks devices that usually interact in some manner with the control of a central...
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...Example SLA Overview A service-level agreement is an agreement between two or more parties, where one is the customer and the others are service providers. This can be a legally binding formal or an informal "contract" (for example, internal department relationships). The agreement may involve separate organisations, or different teams within one organisation. Contracts between the service provider and other third parties are often (incorrectly) called SLAs – because the level of service has been set by the (principal) customer, there can be no "agreement" between third parties; these agreements are simply "contracts." Operational-level agreements or OLAs, however, may be used by internal groups to support SLAs. If some aspect of a service has not been agreed with the customer, it is not an "SLA". SLAs commonly include segments to address: a definition of services, performance measurement, problem management, customer duties, warranties, disaster recovery, termination of agreement.[1] In order to ensure that SLAs are consistently met, these agreements are often designed with specific lines of demarcation and the parties involved are required to meet regularly to create an open forum for communication. Contract enforcement (rewards and penalties) should be rigidly enforced, but most SLAs also leave room for annual revisitation so that it is possible to make changes based on new information.[2] SLAs have been used since late 1980s by fixed line telecom operators as part of...
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...Learning legacy Lessons learned from the London 2012 Games construction project Programme Baseline Report Champion Products are examples of tools and formats used by the Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) in executing its programme. The ODA is publishing these as part of its Learning Legacy in the anticipation that they may be of use to future projects seeking best practice examples of tools and templates that have been used successfully on a large, complex programme. Purpose of the document, description and how it was used The purpose of the Programme Baseline Report was to provide a comprehensive summary of the ODA’s Olympic Programme, detailing scope, programme, budget and risk against which performance could be measured both internally and externally. The scope defined in the report includes all works required regarding site platform and infrastructure, venues, transport, and legacy transformation. This document was used to present a comprehensive statement of the scope of works required and the necessary budget for delivery. Once the document was agreed at the commencement of the programme, delivery of the works was monitored against the baseline and change could be managed robustly. Olympic Delivery Authority Programme Baseline Report Summary November 2007 report The report was updated in 2009 reflecting the status of the programme two years after the original report and after substantial completion of the ODA’s Games-time...
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...Abstract There is no question that diversity plays a huge role in the workplace. There are issues with different races and gender, but one that does not seem as talked about is the difference in age. What many do not realize is that assuming all ages work the same way can be detrimental for not only the manager but the worker and company as well. When different age groups are combined to work, without proper accommodation, intergenerational conflict will occur. This is why understanding the different generations, including their values, attitudes and beliefs is important so that this conflict can be avoided. Once the different generations are understood, there are a few things a manager can do to ensure that their team will be able to work effectively. A Diverse Workplace; Creating Effective Cross-Generational Work Teams Generation gaps within the workplace are common and can create serious problems. According to Gregg Hammill, “This is the first time in American history that we have had four different generations working side-by-side in the workplace”. To create an effective cross generational work team, one must first understand the conflict that occurs and why when they are all put together without accommodation. After that, it is important to separately analyze each generation and their values, beliefs, and how they work. It is at that point, that a manager can effectively put together a cross generational team together by understanding and accommodating...
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