...). o Executives across Europe are reading many of the same publications, but still more often they read national magazines and newspapers. Management is management • Management is management, consisting of a set of principles and techniques that can be universally applied. • However, different practices (such as management) are shaped by its cultural origins, and so is management. • Also, different notions of organizations (relationships vs. tasks) and different HRM practices based on motivations of employees (intrinsic vs. extrinsic). • Good management is culturally sensitive management: best fit between people’s motivation and tasks. • Sensitivity towards invasion of foreign companies and their business ideologies and practices. 2. Despite technological & economic forces for integration/convergence, there are equal or greater forces for fragmentation, one of them being culture. Culture as a source of competitive advantage/disadvantage • Culture can provide source of competitive advantage (Michael Porter): availability of resources, size and sophistication of the market, nature of government intervention and type of strategic linkages/networks. Culture & institutional...
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...Environment Companies scan the marketing environment in order to change and adapt their marketing strategies – as it provides opportunities and threats. In doing this companies must be proactive, It is pointless to conduct environmental scanning unless marketing strategies are changed to fit with the environment. A company’s marketing environment consists of the actors and forces outside marketing that affect marketing management’s ability to build and maintain successful relationships with target customers. 1 5/3/2014 Components of the Marketing Environment Macro-environment Micro-environment Macroenvironment: Demographic Changing age structure of the population Changing family structure The larger societal forces The forces close to the that affect the whole company that affect its ability to serve its customers: microenvironment: Political Company Economic Competitors Demographic Suppliers Cultural Marketing Intermediaries Technological Customers Natural Publics Increasing diversity Better-educated, more white-collar, more professional population Geographic shifts in population Macroenvironment: Demographic Demography: The study of human population in terms of size, density, location, age, gender, race, occupation and other statistics. Macroenvironment: Demographic Changing Age Structure of the Population Age Group: Baby Boomers Born between 1946 and 1964, people born post– World War II. 1/5 of Australian population. Cherish youth, convenience...
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...Is it suitable for Multicultural Organizations to inherit the assumption that Work Life Balance Policies are Gender Neutral? Introduction Definition Work Life Balance is not a homogenous concept, and not amenable for precise definition as different people interpret WLB differently; the ideal ‘balance’ can vary at stages of the life cycle (Chandra, V., 2012). Experts within the field have faced difficulties in trying to define the concept, regardless of the wealth existing literature on the subject. WLB policies have been defined as ‘those that enhance the autonomy of workers in the process of coordinating and integrating work and non work aspects of their lives (Felstead et al, 2002). From an employees perspectives it is the maintenance of a balance between work and family responsibilities. This definition allows for a wide range of policies to be included under the guise of WLB initiatives. WLB policies in an organizational setting include, but are not limited to, flexible working arrangements, child and dependent care and family and parental leave (Bardoel, 1998). Importance Many Human Resource Professionals, employers associations, government departments, trade unions, academics and voluntary organizations around the world are currently debating and often enacting, policies and practices designed to promote work life balance (Fleetwood, S., 2007). The effective management of WLB is an issue increasingly recognized as of strategic importance to organizations...
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...device users? Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education Slide 3-1 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education Slide 3-3 Imagine Your E-commerce Presence What’s the idea? Vision Mission statement Target audience Intended market space Strategic analysis Internet marketing matrix Development timeline and preliminary budget Chapter 3 Building an E-commerce Presence: Web Sites, Mobile Sites, and Apps Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education Slide 3-4 1 Imagine Your E-commerce Presence (cont.) Imagine Your E-commerce Presence (cont.) Where’s the money? Business model(s): Portal, e-tailer, content provider, transaction broker, market creator, service provider, community provider Characterize the marketplace Demographics Size, growth, changes Structure Competitors Suppliers Substitute products Revenue model(s): Advertising, subscriptions, transaction fees, sales, and affiliate revenue Where is the content coming from? Static or dynamic? Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education Slide 3-5 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education Slide 3-7 Imagine Your E-commerce Presence (cont.) Imagine Your E-commerce Presence (cont.) Who and where is the target audience? Describing your audience Demographics Age, gender, income, location Behavior patterns (lifestyle) Consumption patterns (purchasing habits) Digital usage patterns Content creation patterns (blogs, Facebook) Buyer personas Know yourself—SWOT analysis Develop an e-commerce presence...
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...Market Journal of Macromarketing 33(2) 160-171 ª The Author(s) 2012 Reprints and permission: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0276146712463823 jmk.sagepub.com Blaine J. Branchik1 and Tilottama Ghosh Chowdhury1 Abstract This research chronicles the changes in the understudied and rapidly evolving male market segment using two related studies: (1) a content analysis of advertisements in fifty-one years of Sports Illustrated magazine and (2) an experiment involving age-based differences in consumer ad perceptions. Both investigate changing ad values and the ethnic diversity of ad models. Results indicate that the male market is becoming increasingly self-oriented in its values orientation as a result of broad societal changes and changing gender roles. Increasing use of black or African American models in key positions indicates a growing acceptance of minorities as representations of the ideal self among younger men, who express a preference for black or African American models. This finding speaks to the increasingly multicultural nature of society and the impact of minority celebrities on American culture. The results are indicative of the power of advertising in both reflecting and facilitating societal change. Keywords advertising, male market, societal change, ethnicity, gender, culture, macromarketing Introduction American men, as a cultural entity and market force, are undergoing rapid change. This metamorphosis is reflected in men’s...
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...This is a protected document. Please enter your student or faculty username and password. Username: Password: Log In Need assistance logging in? Contact Technical Support. Doc ID: 1009-0001-1993-00001994 Toll Free: 877.428.8447 M-F, 6am MST or Sat-Sun, 7am-12am MST Find us on Facebook and Follow us on Twitter! F I F T H E D I T I O N An Introduction to Multicultural Education James A. Banks University of Washington, Seattle Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City São Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo ISBN 1-269-53060-7 An Introduction to Multicultural Education, Fifth Edition, by James A. Banks. Published by Pearson. Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. Vice President/Editorial Director: Jeffery Johnston Executive Editor: Linda Bishop Editorial Assistant: Laura Marenghi Senior Marketing Manager: Darcy Betts Production Editor: Karen Mason Production Project Manager: Elizabeth Gale Napolitano Manager, Central Design: Jayne Conte Cover Designer: Laura Gardner Cover Art: “Sea and Sky” (013) 2003 © Marvin Oliver Artist Full Service Project Manager: Niraj Bhatt, Aptara® , Inc. Composition: Aptara® , Inc. Printer/Binder/Cover Printer: Courier Westford Text Font: ITC Stone Serif Std 10/12 Text Credits: Page 11, Stiglitz excerpt: From Stiglitz, J.E. (2012). The price...
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...relations world wide Definitions * A number of definitions; often defined as publicity in a newspaper, television interview, or red carpet events Learning the ROPES Research-identifying and learning the client, what their problem is, and what there is. Objectives- Setting objectives to solve your problem. Programming- Planning out how you’re going to do the project. Evaluation- how you adjust and making sure you are addressing the objectives. Stewardship- Making sure it all flows together. Areas of public relations: Counseling Research Media relations Publicity Employee/member relations Community relations Public affairs Government affairs Issues management Financial relations Industry relations Development Multicultural relations Special events Marketing communications Comparing Public relations to: Journalism * Objective observer vs. advocate * Mass audience vs. defined publics * One channel vs. many channels Advertising * External audiences vs....
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...satisfaction 476 Received June 2005 Revised February 2006 Accepted February 2006 Race and gender as moderators Thomas Li-Ping Tang Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, USA Theresa Li-Na Tang Affinion Group, Brentwood, Tennessee, USA, and Beeta Yazmeen Homaifar Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Denver, Colorado, USA Abstract Purpose – This study aims to test a model of pay satisfaction and argue that the income-pay satisfaction relationship depends on one’s love of money and how one compares. Design/methodology/approach – The paper investigates: a direct path (income ! total pay satisfaction); an indirect path (income ! the love of money ! pay equity comparison ! total pay satisfaction) using a structural equation model (SEM) based on 210 full-time employees; and the model across race and gender in multi-group analyses. Findings – The paper finds that for the whole sample, there was one significant path (pay equity comparison ! total pay satisfaction). Since African-Americans ($32,073.15) and women ($32,400.58) tended to have lower income than Caucasians ($37,180.73) and men ($38,287.97), respectively, income significantly increased the importance of the love of money for African-Americans and females, but not for Caucasians and males. The love of money to pay equity comparison path was not significant. Income was not related to pay satisfaction. Results of the direct path alone showed that income contributes to pay...
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... Table of Contents Abstract 3 Problem Statement 4 Literature Review 10 Draft Research Design 22 References 29 Abstract Workplace conflict must be analyzed as a social phenomenon and this social context means that conflicts are caused by a wide variety of factors, including an increasingly diverse workplace. The focus of this study is on how these forms of social conflict are managed and resolved in the workplace – which has become increasingly more diverse in recent years – with particular attention to innovative perspectives that facilitate better understanding of conflict resolution and improve approaches to conflict management. Managing conflict is undoubtedly one of the most critically important dimensions of the management of the employer-employee relationship. While conflicts or disputes are a natural result of the structure and operations of the workplace, employers need efficient ways to resolve such conflict quickly and fairly to avoid the many negative costs generated by unresolved problems. As the generally weaker party in the relationship, employees need the protection provided by both formal and informal dispute management systems aimed at achieving organizational justice. This issue, as well as many others, is addressed through an extensive review of previously published literature, as well as primary research based on a survey of various organizations in an effort to determine the most effective...
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...Company report on cross border offshoring management, cultural dimensions and gamification Table of Contents Table of Contents Executive Summary | p.5 | Chapter I – Introduction1.1 Purpose of the Report1.2 Effects of Globalization on Businesses’ 1.3 Company Background1.4 Outline of the Report | pp.6-7 | Chapter II – Cross Border and Offshoring Management 2.1 Introduction2.2 Defining culture2.3 Defining management and cross cultural management 2.4 Offshoring2.5 Key problems in cross cultural teams2.6 Conclusions | pp.8-11 | Chapter III – Analyzing and Explaining Cultural Dimensions3.1 Introduction3.2 Analysis of cultural dimensions and Country Comparisons 3.2.1 Power Distance 3.2.2 Uncertainty Avoidance 3.2.3 Long term orientation 3.2.4 Indulgence 3.2.5 Individualism 3.2.6 Masculinity 3.3 Limitations of Hofstede’s Dimensions | pp.12-17 | Chapter IV – Gamification4.1 Introduction4.2 Defining and Explaining gamification4.3 Gamification’s effects on business4.4 Examples of gamification4.5 Criticism – The dark side of gamification | pp.18-20 | Chapter V – Corporate Social Responsibility5.1 Introduction5.2 Defining and explaining CSR 5.3 The Foxconn and Apple scandal5.4 Recommendations and Actions | pp.21-22 | Chapter VI – Recommendations to Management | pp.23-24 | Chapter VII – Conclusions | pp.25 | References | pp.26-27 | Executive Summary Executive Summary This report provides an analysis and evaluation of...
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...merez@ie.technion.ac.il 3 Department of Psychology, Koc University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey 34450; email: zaycan@ku.edu.tr Annu. Rev. Psychol. 2007. 58:479–514 Key Words First published online as a Review in Advance on October 17, 2006 culture, management, organizations, work The Annual Review of Psychology is online at http://psych.annualreviews.org Abstract This article’s doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085559 Copyright c 2007 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved 0066-4308/07/0203-0479$20.00 This article reviews research on cross-cultural organizational behavior (OB). After a brief review of the history of cross-cultural OB, we review research on work motivation, or the factors that energize, direct, and sustain effort across cultures. We next consider the relationship between the individual and the organization, and review research on culture and organizational commitment, psychological contracts, justice, citizenship behavior, and person-environment fit. Thereafter, we consider how individuals manage their interdependence in organizations, and review research on culture and negotiation and disputing, teams, and leadership, followed by research on managing across borders and expatriation. The review shows that developmentally, cross-cultural research in OB is coming of age. Yet we also highlight critical challenges...
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...An assignment on Behaviors of managers with their workers in Apple Inc. Submitted by: Submitted to: Date of submission: TABLE OF CONTENT Contents Page no. Executive summary 02 Introduction 03 Comparison of organizational structure and culture 03 Impact of organizational structure and culture 04 Factors influencing individual behavior 05 Comparison of the effectiveness of different leadership styles 05 “Organizational theory underpins the practice of management” 07 Different approaches to management 08 Impact of different leadership styles on motivation 09 Comparison of the application of different motivational theories 09 Evaluation of the usefulness of a motivation theory 10 The nature of groups and group behavior 11 Factors promoting or inhibiting the development of effective teamwork 12 Impact of technology on team functioning 13 References 15 Executive Summary This assignment basically discusses the behavior of managers to the employees to a particular business organization. Explaining and discussing the aforementioned issue, the effectiveness of different leadership styles in different organizations is compared. Apart from that the different...
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...`PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT Summer 2015 MGT 307 J. ANDREW MORRIS andrew.morris@csuci.edu 805-437-2771 “The function of education, therefore, is to teach one to think intensively and to think critically. But education which stops with efficiency may prove the greatest menace to society. The most dangerous criminal may be the man gifted with reason, but with no morals…We must remember that intelligence is not enough. Intelligence plus character — that is the goal of true education. The complete education gives one not only power of concentration, but worthy objectives upon which to concentrate…”– Martin Luther King Jr, The Purpose of Education INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES: 1. Understand the different managerial functions and roles. 2. Explore the five basic managerial skills/competencies and their relative importance. Management can be defined as: the process of planning, organizing, and controlling the efforts of organization members and of using all other organizational resources to achieve stated goals. Management blends together two types of knowledge: Science - based on established general laws Art - skill acquired through experience; the application of knowledge. The Management Process Management is an ongoing process which includes the following functions: Planning - set objectives and procedures Organizing - Design the organization to carry out objectives Leading - getting others to perform necessary tasks Controlling - monitoring performance...
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...Chapter 1 - Geography Matters: Definitions: * Human geography the study of the spatial organization of human activity and of people’s relationships with their environments * Cartography: the body of practical and theoretical knowledge about making distinctive visual representations of Earth’s surface in the form of maps * Map projection: a systematic rendering on a flat surface of the geographic coordinates of the features found on Earth’s surface * Ethnocentrism: the attitude that a persona’s own race and culture are superior to those of others * Imperialism: the extension of the power of a nation through direct/indirect control of the economic and political life of other territories * Masculinism: the assumption that the world is and should be shaped mainly by men for men * environmental determinism: a doctrine holding that human activities are controlled by the environment * globalization: the increasing interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic, environmental political and cultural change * ecumene: the total habitable area of a country. Sine it depends on the prevailing technology, the available ecumene varies over time. Canada’s ecumene is so much less than its total area. * Geodemographic research: investigation using census data and commercial data (i.e. sales data and property records) about populations of small districts to create profiles of those populations for market research ...
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...the study of social life, social change, and the social causes and consequences of human behavior * Sociology subjects matter - Sociologists investigate the structure of groups, organizations, and societies, and how people interact within these contexts * Hierarchy - Hierarchy is the ranking system used in any particular environment based on authority or power - Each position or role requires a certain type of expertise which is valued by society - In order to distinguish between these roles people are expected to dress and act in a certain way - On any given day we can play many different roles in society – eg. A parent can drive their kids to school and then go to work and teach their students * The roles we play - We all play certain roles in our society - Social Scientists refer to this as status -The term used to describe our position or role within an institution -Sunway international school is an example of an institution -There are many positions/roles at Sunway: - Teachers, guidance counselor, administrative staff, student, parent * School of Thought in Sociology...
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